An alternative model of gravitational forces in nature using the combined effects of repulsion and attraction forces on gaseous molecules

Laboratory experiments and natural phenomena investigations in this research series experimentally revealed the existence of gravitational repulsion force dependent on thermal energy content, pervading our surroundings both microscopically and macroscopically. This paper presents an alternative mathematical model of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces between two gaseous molecules, validated by experimental data. The model is self-standing and independent of existing models built on idealistic assumptions. While existing models considered gravitational interaction as a single force, the presented experimental model considers it the resultant of two distinct forces: gravitational repulsion and attraction. When established experimental data on nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were applied, the model performed, both analytically and experimentally: (1) confirming the existence of both gravitational repulsion and attraction forces among gas molecules, (2) demonstrating that the two forces follow Inverse-Cube relationship with the distance between molecules, (3) revealing that repulsion force is linearly proportional to the absolute temperature, thus filling the critical gap between energy and fundamental forces. Orders of magnitude of gravitational repulsion and attraction forces are very large compared to the gravitational force between gas molecules calculated according to the classical theory, enabling manipulation to achieve hitherto unknown outcomes and developments.

Electromagnets for an endoscopic anastomosis tool in the colon

The goal of our research work is the development of a novel endoscopic anastomosis device for the colon. One of the main challenges in this context is the application of forces at the endoscope tip to rejoin the two bowel endings. Thus, we focus on a magnetic two-part compression implant approach. The implant halves are detached from the applicator units by means of electromagnets. In this contribution we present the results of our experiments to determine the implant design with special focus on tissue compression forces and the resultant electromagnet dimensioning to estimate size requirements of the application/detachment system. To achieve the targeted compression forces derived from literature, we used cubic N52 magnetized neodymium magnets1 with a side length of 5 mm and mild steel screws. For these magnets, we evaluated a required electromagnetic repulsion force of 4.1 N. For the electromagnetic detachment system this led to the need for 166 windings for the coils on oral side, and 146 windings for the coils at the aboral side. Based on these requirements, a colonoscope diameter (~14 mm) increase of 10.6 mm on the oral side and of 12 mm on the aboral side due to the application device must be assumed. Nevertheless, this diameter still remains within the size range of other colonoscopic tools, such as e.g., circular staplers.

Development of MEMS Tactile Sensation Device for Haptic Robot

A tactile sensation device using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) has been developed. This device is integrated with a haptic sensation robot for use as fingers. The tactile device must be miniaturized to enable attachment of the actuator mechanism to the fingers. Therefore, we used MEMS technology for this device. The device is composed of an interface part fabricated by 3D printing, pins, and MEMS cantilever-type actuators. It has the ability to stimulate the mechanoreceptors of the fingertips. The device and robot can display not only high-resolution images of the fingertips but also the repulsion force during finger operations such as tool holding and rotation. We have not yet achieved the final device because of fabrication problems. In this paper, we explain the details, progress of development, and results of trials on the prototype device.

Antigravity, an Answer to Nature’s Phenomena including the Expansion of the Universe

The gravitational attraction force being proportional to the mass has been experimentally shown for several hundred years now, but no gravitational repulsion has been identified within the accepted scientific reasoning. Here, we show that the gravitational repulsion force, similar to the gravitational attraction among particles has also been in existence in nature but, yet to be recognized. The results of experiments are shown in detail and are discussed in the recent series of-publications. It is also shown here that this gravitational repulsion force is proportional to the temperature which is an indicator of thermal energy of the particle, similar to the gravitational attraction that is proportional to the mass of the particle. The situations where heavy particles such as iodine, tungsten, and thorium in vacuum move against gravitational force have already been shown qualitatively. The increase in time-of-fall of water droplets (slowing down of fall) with rise in temperature is also quantitatively discussed. This article discusses two major phenomena observable in nature, clouds and the expansion of universe, which could be more preciously explained by the concept of antigravity.

The Born model can accurately describe electrostatic ion solvation

The solvation free energies of ions in water are consistent with the Born linear response model if the centre on which the ion–water repulsion force acts is moved from the oxygen atom towards the hydrogens.

Risk of power — power of risk

The article is dedicated to the risk of power and power of risk analysis, definitions of risk and substantiation of its objective nature, which is determined by the system of ruling social relations. Criticism is presented of Luhmann’s and Beck’s views, which ignore the objective nature of risk and its definitions. The risk of power and power of risk are concepts that reflect the different summation of connections and relations, where risk acts as a means for maintaining a dominant relationship. Objectivity of risk stems from the fact that the prevailing relationship is not a product of independent initiatives by people, but it is a result of relations mediated by items and things in which the mediator transforms itself from an ordinary “panderer” into absolute power of influence over an individual. The mediator becomes objective power, in other words, subjectless power which eventually submits to human will and substantiates power-wielding actions and power-wielding decisions, which aspire to the subjectless power’s pole and is at risk for losing power. While rotating between subjectless power and the individual, the repulsion force from individuals’ interests surpasses the force of attraction towards them. Risk, being woven into dominant relations, separates into independent being as a means of preserving these relations, in the form of negating the positive prospects of individual being, shifting social risks onto the shoulders of individuals, and turning them into subjective risks whereby the individual bears fully responsibility when making wrong decisions. Metamorphoses of the reduction of objective risks, inherent in society, into subjective and individual risks and the reduction of individual risks into objective and public risks, through a complex system of relations and interdependencies, end in conflict. Within conflict, risk is objectified in actions, which demolish the opposition of negative prospects. Conflict asserts a relations’ system in which risk weakens and fades.

INS/gravity gradient aided navigation based on gravitation field particle filter

Swarm intelligence method is an effective way to improve the particle degradation and sample depletion of the traditional particle filter. This paper proposes a particle filer based on the gravitation field algorithm (GF-PF), and the gravitation field algorithm is introduced into the resampling process to improve particle degradation and sample depletion. The gravitation field algorithm simulates the solar nebular disk model, and introduces the virtual central attractive force and virtual rotation repulsion force between particles. The particles are moves rapidly to the high-likelihood region under action of the virtual central attractive force. The virtual rotation repulsion force makes the particles keep a certain distance from each other. These operations improve estimation performance, avoid overlapping of particles and maintain the diversity of particles. The proposed method is applied into INS/gravity gradient aided navigation, by combining the sea experimental data of an inertial navigation system. Compared with the particle swarm optimization particle filter(PSO-PF) and artificial physics optimized particle filter (APO-PF), the GF-PF has higher position estimate accuracy and faster convergence speed with the same experimental conditions.