scholarly journals Gender Differences in Fat Distribution and Inflammatory Markers among Arabs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Farooq ◽  
Wade L. Knez ◽  
Kelly Knez ◽  
Asma Al-Noaimi ◽  
Justin Grantham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Recent studies from the Gulf region suggest that compared to men, women have a greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MeS).Objective. To investigate gender differences in body composition, adipokines, inflammatory markers, and aerobic fitness in a cohort of healthy Qatari adults.Participants. Healthy Qatari (n=58) were matched for age, gender, and body mass index.Methods. Body composition and regional fat distribution were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computerized tomography. Laboratory assessments included serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile analysis, adipokines, and inflammatory markers. Subjects were also evaluated for aerobic fitness.Results. Women had more adipose tissue in the total abdominal (P=0.04) and abdominal subcutaneous (P=0.07) regions compared to men. Waist circumference and indices of insulin sensitivity were similar; however, women had a more favourable lipid profile than men. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels were significantly higher in women, whereas inflammatory profiles were not different between men and women. Aerobic fitness was lower in women and was associated with abdominal fat accumulation.Conclusion. In premenopausal women, higher levels of adiponectin may support maintenance of insulin sensitivity and normolipidemia despite greater adiposity. However, poor aerobic fitness combined with abdominal fat accumulation may explain their greater future risk of MeS compared with men.

scholarly journals Gender Differences of Regional Abdominal Fat Distribution and Their Relationships with Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy and Glucose-Intolerant Thais

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 6266-6270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatchalit Rattarasarn ◽  
Rattana Leelawattana ◽  
Supamai Soonthornpun ◽  
Worawong Setasuban ◽  
Atchara Thamprasit
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat

scholarly journals Subjective Well-Being in Non-Obese Individuals in View of Abdominal Fat Distribution and Muscle Mass Index: A General Population Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chlabicz ◽  
Marlena Paniczko ◽  
Jacek Jamiołkowski ◽  
Paweł Sowa ◽  
Małgorzata Szpakowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
General Population ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eq Vas

Abstract Background While obesity has been correlated with welfare in the general population, there is not much data on the influence of body composition on welfare among the non-obese adult individuals. Methods A longitudinal, population-based study was conducted in 2017–2020. Body composition was assessed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Welfare was rated with Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Euro Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results A total of 726 non-obese individuals from general population were analyzed. The mean age was 46.8 ± 15.4 years and 42.1% of participants were male. The mean value for SWLS was 23.09 ± 5.43, for EQ-VAS was 78.0 ± 14.5, and for BDI was 6.7 ± 6.6. On SWLS the waist-hip ratio had a negative impact even after adjustment for age, gender and concomitant diseases. EQ-VAS was inversely associated with android fat distribution and directly associated with muscle mass. BDI value was inversely associated with lower muscle mass, especially of the lower limbs. The well-being of women was mainly associated with the distribution of adipose tissue and less with the distribution of muscle tissue - abdominal fat distribution has a particularly negative impact on well-being among women. In contrast, men's well-being depends more on muscle mass and to a lesser extent on the distribution of fat tissue - a positive significant effect has lean mass and a circumference of thigh below gluteal fold. Conclusions Body composition is significantly associated with welfare in non-obese population. Android type fat distribution may have a negative impact while muscle mass positive.

scholarly journals Effect of Obesity and Exercise Training on Plasma Amino Acids and Amino Metabolites in American Indian Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 3249-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R Short ◽  
Jennifer Q Chadwick ◽  
April M Teague ◽  
Mary A Tullier ◽  
Lisa Wolbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Indian Adolescents ◽  
American Indian Adolescents

AbstractContextAmino acids (AAs) and their metabolites are altered with obesity and may be predictive of future diabetes in adults, but there are fewer studies on AAs, as well as conflicting findings on how they vary with obesity, in adolescents.ObjectiveTo determine whether plasma AAs vary with body composition and insulin sensitivity and are altered in response to exercise training.DesignCross-sectional, and an exercise intervention.SettingTribal wellness center.ParticipantsAmerican Indian boys and girls, 11 to 17 years of age with obesity (Ob, n = 58) or normal weight (NW, n = 36).InterventionThe Ob group completed 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training.Main Outcome MeasureA panel of 42 plasma AAs.ResultsCompared with the NW group, the Ob group had lower aerobic fitness and insulin sensitivity (interactive homeostasis model assessment 2), 17 AAs that were higher, and 7 AAs that were lower. Branched-chain AAs (+10% to 16%), aromatic AAs (+15% to 32%), and glutamate were among the higher AAs; all were positively correlated with body fat and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity. The lysine metabolite 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) and the valine metabolite β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) were 47% higher and 29% lower, respectively, in the Ob group, and were positively (2-AAA) and negatively (BAIBA) correlated with insulin sensitivity. Exercise training increased aerobic fitness by 10%, but body composition, insulin sensitivity, and AAs were not significantly changed.ConclusionsSeveral plasma AAs are altered in American Indian adolescents with obesity and are associated with insulin sensitivity, but they were not altered with this exercise intervention.

Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Miyazaki ◽  
Archana Mahankali ◽  
Masafumi Matsuda ◽  
Srikanth Mahankali ◽  
Kenneth Cusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat

scholarly journals Fat Distribution, Aerobic Fitness, Blood Lipids, and Insulin Sensitivity in African-American and European-American Women

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Hunter ◽  
Paula C. Chandler-Laney ◽  
David W. Brock ◽  
Cristina Lara-Castro ◽  
Jose R. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
European American ◽  
American Women ◽  
European American Women

scholarly journals Effect of menopausal status on body composition and abdominal fat distribution

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Toth ◽  
A Tchernof ◽  
CK Sites ◽  
ET Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat

Acquired obesity is associated with increased liver fat, intra-abdominal fat, and insulin resistance in young adult monozygotic twins

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. E768-E774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi Hannele Pietiläinen ◽  
Aila Rissanen ◽  
Jaakko Kaprio ◽  
Sari Mäkimattila ◽  
Anna-Maija Häkkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Impaired Insulin

We determined whether acquired obesity is associated with increases in liver or intra-abdominal fat or impaired insulin sensitivity by studying monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant and concordant for obesity. We studied nineteen 24- to 27-yr-old MZ twin pairs, with intrapair differences in body weight ranging from 0.1 to 24.7 kg [body mass index (BMI) range 20.0–33.9 kg/m2], identified from a population-based FinnTwin16 sample. Fat distribution was determined by magnetic resonance imaging, percent body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, liver fat by proton spectroscopy, insulin sensitivity by measuring the fasting insulin concentration, and whole body insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. Intrapair differences in BMI were significantly correlated with those in intra-abdominal fat ( r = 0.82, P < 0.001) and liver fat ( r = 0.57, P = 0.010). Intrapair differences in fasting insulin correlated with those in subcutaneous abdominal ( r = 0.60, P = 0.008), intra-abdominal ( r = 0.75, P = 0.0001) and liver ( r = 0.49, P = 0.048) fat. Intrapair differences in whole body insulin sensitivity correlated with those in subcutaneous abdominal ( r = −0.72, P = 0.001) and intra-abdominal ( r = −0.55, P = 0.015) but not liver ( r = −0.20, P = 0.20) fat. We conclude that acquired obesity is associated with increases in intra-abdominal and liver fat and insulin resistance, independent of genetic factors.

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