scholarly journals Molecular and Immunogenic Properties of Apyrase SP01B and D7-Related SP04 Recombinant Salivary Proteins ofPhlebotomus perniciosusfrom Madrid, Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Martín-Martín ◽  
Ricardo Molina ◽  
Maribel Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Sand fly salivary proteins are on the spotlight to become vaccine candidates against leishmaniasis and to markers of exposure to sand fly bites due to the host immune responses they elicit. Working with the whole salivary homogenate entails serious drawbacks such as the need for maintaining sand fly colonies and the laborious task of glands dissection. In order to overcome these difficulties, producing recombinant proteins of different vectors has become a major task. In this study, a cDNA library was constructed with the salivary glands ofPhlebotomus perniciosusfrom Madrid, Spain, the most widespread vector ofLeishmania infantumin the Mediterranean basin. Analysis of the cDNA sequences showed several polymorphisms among the previously described salivary transcripts. The apyrase SP01B and the D7-related protein SP04 were successfully cloned, expressed inEscherichia coli, and purified. Besides, recombinant proteins were recognized by sera of hamsters and mice previously immunized with saliva through the exposure to uninfected sand fly bites. These results suggest that these two recombinant proteins conserved their immunogenic properties after expression in a prokaryote system. Therefore, this work contributes to expand the knowledge ofP. perniciosussaliva that would be eventually used for the development of tools for vector control programs.

scholarly journals Insights into the salivary N-glycome of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Mondragon-Shem ◽  
Katherine Wongtrakul-Kish ◽  
Radoslaw P. Kozak ◽  
Shi Yan ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Before And After

AbstractDuring Leishmania transmission sand flies inoculate parasites and saliva into the skin of vertebrates. Saliva has anti-haemostatic and anti-inflammatory activities that evolved to facilitate bloodfeeding, but also modulate the host’s immune responses. Sand fly salivary proteins have been extensively studied, but the nature and biological roles of protein-linked glycans remain overlooked. Here, we characterised the profile of N-glycans from the salivary glycoproteins of Lutzomyia longipalpis, vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. In silico predictions suggest half of Lu. longipalpis salivary proteins may be N-glycosylated. SDS-PAGE coupled to LC-MS analysis of sand fly saliva, before and after enzymatic deglycosylation, revealed several candidate glycoproteins. To determine the diversity of N-glycan structures in sand fly saliva, enzymatically released sugars were fluorescently tagged and analysed by HPLC, combined with highly sensitive LC-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, and exoglycosidase treatments. We found that the N-glycan composition of Lu. longipalpis saliva mostly consists of oligomannose sugars, with Man5GlcNAc2 being the most abundant, and a few hybrid-type species. Interestingly, some glycans appear modified with a group of 144 Da, whose identity has yet to be confirmed. Our work presents the first detailed structural analysis of sand fly salivary glycans.

scholarly journals Norovirus Capsid Protein-Derived Nanoparticles and Polymers as Versatile Platforms for Antigen Presentation and Vaccine Development

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan ◽  
Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Capsids ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Capsid Shell ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Ideal Vaccine

Major viral structural proteins interact homotypically and/or heterotypically, self-assembling into polyvalent viral capsids that usually elicit strong host immune responses. By taking advantage of such intrinsic features of norovirus capsids, two subviral nanoparticles, 60-valent S60 and 24-valent P24 nanoparticles, as well as various polymers, have been generated through bioengineering norovirus capsid shell (S) and protruding (P) domains, respectively. These nanoparticles and polymers are easily produced, highly stable, and extremely immunogenic, making them ideal vaccine candidates against noroviruses. In addition, they serve as multifunctional platforms to display foreign antigens, self-assembling into chimeric nanoparticles or polymers as vaccines against different pathogens and illnesses. Several chimeric S60 and P24 nanoparticles, as well as P domain-derived polymers, carrying different foreign antigens, have been created and demonstrated to be promising vaccine candidates against corresponding pathogens in preclinical animal studies, warranting their further development into useful vaccines.

scholarly journals Vertebrate Responses against Arthropod Salivary Proteins and Their Therapeutic Potential

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Olayinka Olajiga ◽  
Andrés F. Holguin-Rocha ◽  
Meagan Rippee-Brooks ◽  
Megan Eppler ◽  
Shanice L. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Hematophagous Arthropods

The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a group of active proteins to counteract host responses against injury and to facilitate the success of a bloodmeal. These salivary proteins have significant impacts on modulating pathogen transmission, immunogenicity expression, the establishment of infection, and even disease severity. Recent studies have shown that several salivary proteins are immunogenic and antibodies against them may block infection, thereby suggesting potential vaccine candidates. Here, we discuss the most relevant salivary proteins currently studied for their therapeutic potential as vaccine candidates or to control the transmission of human vector-borne pathogens and immune responses against different arthropod salivary proteins.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Activation and Subversion of Mammalian Functions byLeishmaniaLipophosphoglycan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis H. Franco ◽  
Stephen M. Beverley ◽  
Dario S. Zamboni
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Parasite Survival ◽  
Mammalian Infection

Leishmaniapromastigotes express several prominent glycoconjugates, either secreted or anchored to the parasite surface. Of these lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is the most abundant, and along with other phosphoglycan-bearing molecules, plays important roles in parasite infectivity and pathogenesis in both the sand fly and the mammalian host. Besides its contribution for parasite survival in the sand fly vector, LPG is important for modulation the host immune responses to favor the establishment of mammalian infection. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of LPG inLeishmaniainfectivity, focusing on the interaction of LPG and innate immune cells and in the subversion of mammalian functions by this molecule.

Role of convalescent plasma therapy in new Coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 546-549
Author(s):  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe ◽  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Rishikesh Thakre
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Transparent Liquid

Hitherto, there is no proper line of treatment for the new (nCOVID19). The development of unique antiviral drugs has taken precedence. Therapeutic antibodies () will be a significantly beneficial agent against nCOVID-19. Here the host immune responses to new discussed in this review provide strategy and further treatment and understanding of clinical interventions against nCOVID-19. Plasma therapy uses the antibodies found in the blood of people recovering (or convalesced) from an infection to treat infected patients. When an infection occurs, the body begins producing proteins specially made to kill the germ, called antibodies. Those antibodies coat specifically plasma in the blood of survivors, the yellow transparent liquid blood portion for months or even years. research assesses plasma use from Convalescent patients of infected with nCOVID-19 as a possible preventive treatment. But it is not yet recommended as a line of treatment, and it is used as a clinical trial in the new in Indian population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dsRNA delivery methods for targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF in RNAi-based aphid control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshuai Liu ◽  
Maria Jose Ladera-Carmona ◽  
Minna M. Poranen ◽  
Aart J. E. van Bel ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Sieve Tubes

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIFs) are multifunctional proteins regulating major processes in mammals, including activation of innate immune responses. In invertebrates, MIF proteins participate in the modulation of host immune responses when secreted by parasitic organisms, such as aphids. In this study, we assessed the possibility to use MIF genes as targets for RNA interference (RNAi)-based control of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Sa) on barley (Hordeum vulgare). When nymphs were fed on artificial diet containing double-stranded (ds)RNAs (SaMIF-dsRNAs) that target sequences of the three MIF genes SaMIF1, SaMIF2 and SaMIF3, they showed higher mortality rates and these rates correlated with reduced MIF transcript levels as compared to the aphids feeding on artificial diet containing a control dsRNA (GFP-dsRNA). Comparison of different feeding strategies showed that nymphs’ survival was not altered when they fed from barley seedlings sprayed with naked SaMIF-dsRNAs, suggesting they did not effectively take up dsRNA from the sieve tubes of these plants. Furthermore, aphids’ survival was also not affected when the nymphs fed on leaves supplied with dsRNA via basal cut ends of barley leaves. Consistent with this finding, the use of sieve tube-specific YFP-labeled Arabidopsis reporter lines confirmed that fluorescent 21 nt dsRNACy3, when supplied via petioles or spraying, co-localized with xylem structures, but not with phloem tissue. Our results suggest that MIF genes are a potential target for insect control and also imply that application of naked dsRNA to plants for aphid control is inefficient. More efforts should be put into the development of effective dsRNA formulations.

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