scholarly journals Interactions between Identity and Emotional Expression in Face Processing across the Lifespan: Evidence from Redundancy Gains

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Yankouskaya ◽  
Pia Rotshtein ◽  
Glyn W. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Facial Identity ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Divided Attention Task ◽  
Age Range

We tested how aging affects the integration of visual information from faces. Three groups of participants aged 20–30, 40–50, and 60–70 performed a divided attention task in which they had to detect the presence of a target facial identity or a target facial expression. Three target stimuli were used: (1) with the target identity but not the target expression, (2) with the target expression but not the target identity, and (3) with both the target identity and target expression (the redundant target condition). On nontarget trials the faces contained neither the target identity nor expression. All groups were faster in responding to a face containing both the target identity and emotion compared to faces containing either single target. Furthermore the redundancy gains for combined targets exceeded performance limits predicted by the independent processing of facial identity and emotion. These results are held across the age range. The results suggest that there is interactive processing of facial identity and emotion which is independent of the effects of cognitive aging. Older participants demonstrated reliably larger size of the redundancy gains compared to the young group that reflect a greater experience with faces. Alternative explanations are discussed.

scholarly journals Global processing deficit in Alzheimer’s disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
María J. Blanca ◽  
Teresa Rodrigo ◽  
Rebecca Bendayan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Divided Attention Task ◽  
Global And Local

Several studies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) reveal an impaired capacity to integrate visual elements into global pictures, leading to a deficit in global processing of visual information. The aim of this paper was to explore global and local processing in people with AD at non-advanced stage. The Global and Local Attention Test (AGL; from the original Spanish: AGL-Atención global y local) was administered to a group of 100 participants with a mean age of 75.36 years. Fifty of them were AD patients at a mild or moderate stage, while the remainder comprised healthy elders. The AGL provides two scores that indicate speed and accuracy in analyzing global and local figures. Participants had to indicate the figures where the target appeared at either global or local levels in a divided attention task. The results showed lower accuracy in the AD group compared with controls. Also in the AD group, and in line with previous findings, accuracy in detecting the target was much lower at the global level than at the local level, thereby confirming the expected deficit in global processing associated with AD. This deficit did not vary according to sex or age.

Pain Influences Several Levels of Attention

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid von Bueren Jarchow ◽  
Bogdan P. Radanov ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Divided Attention Task ◽  
Pain Stimuli ◽  
Pain Patients

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine to what extent chronic pain has an impact on various attentional processes. To measure these attention processes a set of experimental standard tests of the “Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung” (TAP), a neuropsychological battery testing different levels of attention, were used: alertness, divided attention, covert attention, vigilance, visual search, and Go-NoGo tasks. 24 chronic outpatients and 24 well-matched healthy control subjects were tested. The control subjects were matched for age, gender, and education. The group of chronic pain patients exhibited marked deficiencies in all attentional functions except for the divided attention task. Thus, the data supports the notion that chronic pain negatively influences attention because pain patients` attention is strongly captivated by the internal pain stimuli. Only the more demanding divided attention task has the capability to distract the focus of attention to the pain stimuli. Therefore, the pain patients are capable of performing within normal limits. Based on these findings chronic pain patients' attentional deficits should be appropriately evaluated and considered for insurance and work related matters. The effect of a successful distraction away from the pain in the divided attention task can also open new therapeutic aspects.

Specific Computerized Attention Training in Stroke and Traumatic Brain-Injured Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sturm ◽  
B. Fimm ◽  
A. Cantagallo ◽  
N. Cremel ◽  
P. North ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divided Attention ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Computerized Training ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Divided Attention Task ◽  
Injured Patients

Abstract: In a multicenter European approach, the efficacy of the AIXTENT computerized training programs for intensity aspects (alertness and vigilance) and selectivity aspects (selective and divided attention) of attention was studied in 33 patients with brain damage of vascular and traumatic etiology. Each patient received training in one of two most impaired of the four attention domains. Control tests were performed by means of a standardized computerized attention test battery (TAP) comprising tests for the four attention functions. Assessment was carried out at the beginning and at the end of a four week baseline period and after the training period of 14 one-hour sessions. At the end of the baseline phase, there was only slight but significant improvement for the most complex attention function, divided attention (number of omissions). After the training, there were significant specific training effects for both intensity aspects (alertness and vigilance) and also for the number of omissions in the divided attention task. The application of inferential single case procedures revealed a high number of significant improvements in individual cases after specific training of alertness and vigilance problems. On the other hand, a non specific training addressing selectivity aspects of attention lead either to improvement or deterioration of alertness and vigilance performance. The results corroborate the findings of former studies with the same training instrument but in patients with different lesion etiologies.

Functional Mobility in a Divided Attention Task in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila de Melo Borges ◽  
Márcia Radanovic ◽  
Orestes Vicente Forlenza
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Divided Attention Task

Greater Impairment of Ability in the Divided Attention Task Is Seen in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients with Depression than in Those without Depression

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutaro Nakaaki ◽  
Yoshie Murata ◽  
Junko Sato ◽  
Yoshihiro Shinagawa ◽  
Hiroshi Tatsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Divided Attention Task

scholarly journals A-020 Advancing Reliable Measurement in Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Aging (ARMADA): Extension of the NIH Toolbox in Healthy Cognitive Aging 86 years and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-810
Author(s):  
Karpouzian-Rogers T ◽  
Peipert D ◽  
Slotkin J ◽  
Ustsinovich V ◽  
Wortman K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Computerized Measures ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background Early detection of cognitive decline in older individuals can be accomplished with brief, computerized measures in diverse settings. The goal of the ARMADA study is to validate the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) in the neurological aging spectrum from cognitively normal to dementia, and to extend the age range to allow for longitudinal assessment of the oldest individuals. Here, we present baseline data from general population individuals over 85 years of age without cognitive impairment compared with those 65 to 85. Method ARMADA is a multi-site study recruiting participants from established research cohorts. Participants included cognitively average-for-age individuals between the ages of 65–85 (n = 82) and another group 86 and older (n = 105). Baseline characteristics and preliminary data are presented for the Cognition, Emotion, Motor and Sensation modules of the NIHTB. Results Analysis of preliminary baseline data revealed that mean uncorrected standard scores of most cognitive, motor, and sensation measures differed among the groups in the expected direction, such that individuals 65–85 had better performance than individuals 86 and older. Conversely, group scores were similar on most emotion measures. Conclusions This analysis of preliminary baseline data from ARMADA provides initial evidence for the utility of the NIHTB in individuals over age 85 without cognitive impairment, who, as a group, scored lower than those from age 65–85. These results demonstrate the importance of establishing cohort-specific norms relevant to the oldest age group. Longitudinal follow-ups over two years will track cognitive, motor, emotion, and sensory functioning in this group.

P1-629: CORRELATION BETWEEN FALLS AND GAIT SPEED DURING A DIVIDED ATTENTION TASK IN OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_10) ◽  
pp. P582-P582
Author(s):  
Sheila de Melo Borges ◽  
Marcia Radanovic ◽  
Orestes Vicente Forlenza
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Divided Attention Task

scholarly journals Low-dose Propofol–induced Amnesia Is Not due to a Failure of Encoding

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Veselis ◽  
Kane O. Pryor ◽  
Ruth A. Reinsel ◽  
Meghana Mehta ◽  
Hong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Amnesic Effect ◽  
Divided Attention Task

Background Propofol may produce amnesia by affecting encoding. The hypothesis that propofol weakens encoding was tested by measuring regional cerebral blood flow during verbal encoding. Methods Seventeen volunteer participants (12 men; aged 30.4 +/- 6.5 yr) had regional cerebral blood flow measured using H2O positron emission tomography during complex and simple encoding tasks (deep vs. shallow level of processing) to identify a region of interest in the left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPFC). The effect of either propofol (n = 6, 0.9 microg/ml target concentration), placebo with a divided attention task (n = 5), or thiopental at sedative doses (n = 6, 3 microg/ml) on regional cerebral blood flow activation in the LIPFC was tested. The divided attention task was expected to decrease activation in the LIPFC. Results Propofol did not impair encoding performance or reaction times, but impaired recognition memory of deeply encoded words 4 h later (median recognition of 35% [interquartile range, 17-54%] of words presented during propofol vs. 65% [38-91%] before drug; P < 0.05). Statistical parametric mapping analysis identified a region of interest of 6.6 cm in the LIPFC (T = 7.44, P = 0.014). Regional cerebral blood flow response to deep encoding was present in this region of interest in each group before drug (T > 4.41, P < 0.04). During drug infusion, only the propofol group continued to have borderline significant activation in this region (T = 4.00, P = 0.063). Conclusions If the amnesic effect of propofol were solely due to effects on encoding, activation in the LIPFC should be minimal. Because LIPFC activation was not totally eliminated by propofol, the amnesic action of propofol must be present in other brain regions and/or affect other memory processes.

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