scholarly journals Epididymal Polar Dissociation: A Previously Undescribed Anatomical Variant

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McCain ◽  
Scott McCain ◽  
David Mark ◽  
Robin Brown
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Lower Pole ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Male External Genitalia

The normal male external genitalia include the testicles with the epididymis attached posteriorly and the vas deferens arising from this. This case describes an anatomical variation of this normal anatomy not previously reported in the literature. A 17-year-old boy presented with symptoms of intermittent testicular torsion and underwent scrotal exploration. On the left side there was a bell-clapper deformity with the epididymis separated into two parts with the lower pole high in the scrotum and attached to the tunica vaginalis. A normal vas deferens was seen to arise from the isolated lower pole of the epididymis. There was no connection between the vas deferens and the testis or upper pole of epidiymis. This case reminds us of the possibility of anatomical variations and the importance of keeping them in mind to prevent complications at time of surgery.

scholarly journals Anatomical variations in patients with chronic sinusitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragadeeswaran Kumarasekaran ◽  
Rajprakash Dharmapuri Yadhava krishnan ◽  
Gurumani Sriraman
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Uncinate Process ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Concha Bullosa ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Anatomical Variant

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">C</span><span lang="EN-IN">hronic sinusitis is repeated bouts of acute infection or persistent inflammation of the sinuses. The range of anatomic variants that can interfere with the mucociliary drainage of osteomeatal complex including concha bullosa, deviated nasal septum, uncinate process variations, ethmoid bulla, paradoxical middle turbinate, agger nasi and Haller cells. This is also important in surgeon point of view to know about detail knowledge of lateral nasal wall, paranasal sinuses, surrounding vital structures and anatomical variation. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Observational case series study in which 90 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis patients attending the ENT outpatient department from November-2015 to November-2016 in Shri Sathya Sai Medical college and Hospital, who had chronic sinusitis for more than three months duration not responding to the medical line treatment and who are willing to undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery are studied and statistically analysed.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In our study we found anatomical variation in 93% of chronic sinusitis patients. In our study it was observed that 52% of patients with two anatomical variation, 41% patients presented with single anatomical variation and 7% patients presented with no anatomical variation. In our study deviated nasal septum was the most common anatomical variant noted followed by unilateral concha bullosa, medialized uncinate process, paradoxical middle turbinate, haller cell and agger nasi. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In our study it was concluded that presence of anatomical variations is common in patients with chronic sinusitis. Presence of more than one anatomical variations significantly contributes to disease process.<strong> </strong>Deviated nasal septum is the most common anatomical variation in our study followed by concha bullosa, medialized uncinate process.</span></p>

scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis of mos45,X/46,X,+mar in a Fetus With Normal Male External Genitalia and a Literature Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Chin Chien ◽  
Chih-Ping Chen ◽  
Chyi-Chyang Lin ◽  
Li-Chia Huang ◽  
Cheng-Tiao Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male External Genitalia

scholarly journals Normal male external genitalia do not rule out CYP11A1 deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e228235
Author(s):  
Vijaya Sarathi ◽  
Chithambaram Nagalingam
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
First Case ◽  
Renin Level ◽  
Male External Genitalia ◽  
Female External Genitalia

Defects in the initial steps of steroidogenesis usually present with female external genitalia in both 46,XX and 46,XY. Hence, they are not often considered in the differential diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency children with normal male external genitalia. Here, we report a boy with normal male external genitalia who presented with hyperpigmentation since the age of 2 years but diagnosis was delayed till 11 years of age. Evaluation revealed low-serum cortisol with elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone and direct renin level confirming primary adrenal insufficiency. Clinical exome sequencing analysis revealed a homozygous c.1351C>T (p.R451W) mutation in exon 8 of the CYP11A1 gene which was confirmed on Sanger sequencing. Both parents were heterozygous for the variation. To conclude, we report the first case of CYP11A1 deficiency from India. The report reiterates the existence of non-classic CYP11A1 deficiency characterised by primary adrenal insufficiency and normal male external genitalia in 46,XY.

True hermaphroditism and normal male external genitalia: a rare presentation

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 909-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Montero ◽  
R Mendez ◽  
D Valverde ◽  
JL Fernández ◽  
M Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Genitalia ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
True Hermaphroditism ◽  
Male External Genitalia

scholarly journals Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by the entrapment of a bifid Lanz IIIA Type anatomical variant of median nerve: A case report and systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Emanuele La Corte ◽  
Clarissa A. E. Gelmi ◽  
Nicola Acciarri
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Median Artery

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment peripheral neuropathy. Median nerve may present several anatomical variations such as a high division or bifid median nerve (BMN). A thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy and variations of the median nerve at the wrist are fundamental to reduce complications during carpal tunnel release. Case Description: A 63-year-old man with CTS underwent preoperative ultrasound that showed the entrapment of the median nerve and disclosed a BMN Lanz IIIA Type anatomical variation at the carpal tunnel. During the surgery, the anatomical variant of a BMN at the wrist has been visualized. Both nervous rami entirely occupied the carpal canal and this may have predisposed to the development of the entrapment syndrome. Nor persistent median artery, or other associated abnormalities, have been identified. At the 6 months follow-up control, the patient referred a good surgical recovery with complete resolution of the preoperative symptoms of the median nerve entrapment. Conclusion: A rare case of Lanz IIIA BMN Type at the wrist has been encountered in a patient with a CTS and a systematic review and practical considerations have been presented with the aim of raising awareness to the neurosurgical community of a such rare variant that could be encountered during carpal tunnel release procedures. CTS may be caused by the entrapment of a BMN Lanz IIIA Type anatomical variant of median nerve. Preoperative US would help to identify such patients to reduce risk of iatrogenic injuries.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variations of the Peroneus Tertius and Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscles – Case Presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
Mihai-Iuliu Harșa ◽  
Loránd Kocsis ◽  
Angéla-Mária Czundel ◽  
Lóránd Dénes ◽  
Zsuzsanna Pap
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Left Lower Extremity ◽  
Longus Muscle

Abstract Introduction: The extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscles have multiple morphological variations. The tendinous slips of these muscles are used as grafts to replace other damaged tendons. Case presentation: We present a unique anatomical variant observed during dissection of a cadaver at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Romania. The peroneus tertius muscle was identified on the left lower extremity as originating from the inferior third of the fibula and interosseus membrane. The posterior belly of this muscle joins the muscular belly of the extensor digitorum longus muscle. The tendons of toes II to V detach from the extensor digitorum longus muscle with an additional tendon. This last tendon gives off an accessory tendinous slip; lateral to this, the peroneus tertius muscle tendon is observed. In case of the right lower limb we also noted the peroneus tertius muscle originating from the distal part of the extensor digitorum longus muscle. Regarding the extensor digitorum longus muscle we describe an accessory tendinous slip. Conclusion: The anatomical variation reported in this study is similar to those reported by previous studies, but displays particular characteristics regarding the VI tendon of extensor digitorum longus and the joining of the peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus muscles in the left lower extremity.

scholarly journals An Anatomical Variation of Terminal Branches of the Thoracoacromial Artery – Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Loránd Kocsis ◽  
Mihai-Iuliu Harșa ◽  
Lóránd Dénes ◽  
Zsuzsánna Pap
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Thoracoacromial Artery ◽  
Lateral Thoracic Artery ◽  
Shoulder Region

AbstractIntroduction: Mapping the branching patterns of the thoracoacromial artery has a particular practical importance. Familiarity with the different anatomical variations is essential for successful surgical procedures in the anterior shoulder region.Case presentation: We present an unusual anatomical variant observed during the dissection of a cadaver at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania. According to the classical description, the thoracoacromial artery originates from the second part of the axillary artery, but we observed an unusual branching variation: the thoracoacromial artery provided a subscapular branch right after its origin, then it split into a pectoral branch, the lateral thoracic artery, and a common trunk that gave a second pectoral branch and a deltoid-acromial branch. The clavicular branch was missing.Conclusions: The case we presented demonstrates that there are anatomical variations of the axillary artery system that are partially or entirely different from the classical descriptions. Our study describes a variation of the thoracoacromial artery that has not been reported so far.

Carotid endarterectomy in patients with foetal-type posterior circle of Willis: Is there an indication for local anaesthesia?

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Maras ◽  
Tzormpatzoglou ◽  
Papas ◽  
Papanas ◽  
Kotsikoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
Symptomatic Stenosis

Foetal-type posterior circle of Willis is a common anatomical variation with a variable degree of vessel asymmetry. In patients with this abnormality, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may create cerebral hypo-perfusion intraoperatively, and this may be underestimated under general anaesthesia. There is currently no evidence that anatomical variations in the circle of Willis represent an independent risk factor for stroke. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on treating patients with such anatomical variations and co-existing ICA stenosis. We present a case of CEA under local anaesthesia (LA) in a 52-year-old female patient with symptomatic stenosis of the right ICA and coexistent foetal-type posterior circle of Willis. There were no post-operative complications and she was discharged free from symptoms. She was seen again 3 months later and was free from complications. This case higlights that LA should be strongly considered to enable better intra-operative neurological monitoring in the event of foetal-type posterior circle of Willis.

Pseudo-endocarditis secondary to ruptured posteromedial papillary muscle with anatomical variation: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Papillary Muscle ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Papillary Muscle Rupture ◽  
Atypical Chest Pain ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Muscle Rupture ◽  
Mitral Valve Vegetation

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of papillary muscle rupture. This complication occurs in up to 5% of cases post MI and although rare, it constitutes a cardiac emergency if left untreated. On this basis, a 59-year-old male presented with low-grade fever and atypical chest pain with raised inflammatory markers and troponin levels. He was treated for infective endocarditis after echocardiography revealed a mass on the mitral valve, which was presumed to be a mitral valve vegetation and so he completed a 6-weeks course of antibiotics followed by elective mitral valve replacement surgery. During surgery, it was discovered that there was no endocarditis. Instead an unusually small muscle head of one of the posteromedial papillary muscle groups had ruptured secondary to an inferior myocardial infarction. This ruptured muscle head was highly mobile and mimicked a mitral valve vegetation. The mitral valve was successfully repaired, and the right coronary artery grafted. He made a full recovery but developed new-onset atrial fibrillation for which he is awaiting elective cardioversion. One should have a high index of suspicion for diagnosing papillary muscle rupture as it may mimic valvular vegetation on echocardiography, especially if the papillary muscle involved is an anatomical variant.

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