An Anatomical Variation of Terminal Branches of the Thoracoacromial Artery – Case Report

AbstractIntroduction: Mapping the branching patterns of the thoracoacromial artery has a particular practical importance. Familiarity with the different anatomical variations is essential for successful surgical procedures in the anterior shoulder region.Case presentation: We present an unusual anatomical variant observed during the dissection of a cadaver at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Romania. According to the classical description, the thoracoacromial artery originates from the second part of the axillary artery, but we observed an unusual branching variation: the thoracoacromial artery provided a subscapular branch right after its origin, then it split into a pectoral branch, the lateral thoracic artery, and a common trunk that gave a second pectoral branch and a deltoid-acromial branch. The clavicular branch was missing.Conclusions: The case we presented demonstrates that there are anatomical variations of the axillary artery system that are partially or entirely different from the classical descriptions. Our study describes a variation of the thoracoacromial artery that has not been reported so far.

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Variations in branching pattern of the axillary artery: a study in 40 human cadavers

Jornal Vascular Brasileiro ◽

10.1590/s1677-54492012000100003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rajesh Astik ◽

Urvi Dave

Keyword(s):

Axillary Artery ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Coronary Bypass ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Lateral Thoracic Artery ◽

Human Cadavers

BACKGROUND: Variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are a rule rather than an exception. The knowledge of these variations is of anatomical, radiological, and surgical interest to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The large percentage of variations in branching pattern of axillary artery is making it worthwhile to take any anomaly into consideration. The type and frequency of these vascular variations should be well understood and documented, as increasing performance of coronary artery bypass surgery and other cardiovascular surgical procedures. The objective of this study is to observe variations in axillary artery branches in human cadavers. METHODS: We dissected 80 limbs of 40 human adult embalmed cadavers of Asian origin and we have studied the branching patterns of the axillary artery. RESULTS: We found variations in branching pattern of axillary artery in 62.5% of the limbs. Anatomical variations included: origin of lateral thoracic artery from the subscapular artery; absent thoracoacromial trunk and all its branches arose directly from the second part of the axillary artery; division of thoracoacromial trunk into deltoacromial and clavipectoral trunks, which were divided into all branches of thoracoacromial trunk; origin of subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral and profunda brachii arteries from a common trunk from the third part of the axillary artery; and origin of posterior circumflex humeral artery from brachial artery in addition to third part of the axillary artery. CONCLUSIONS: The study was carried out to show important variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery, in order to orient the surgeons performing angiography, coronary bypass, and flaps in reconstructive surgeries.

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Unilateral variation in branching pattern of Right Axillary Artery - A Case Report

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences (JAIMS) ◽

10.21760/jaims.v3i3.12905 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

B. Muraleedhar ◽

Chandrasekar Kuppi

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Medical Students ◽

Axillary Artery ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Medical College ◽

Thoracoacromial Artery ◽

Lateral Thoracic Artery ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

The Axillary artery is the continuation of the subclavian artery and is a major artery of the upper limb. During the routine dissection for Undergraduate Ayurvedic Medical Students of Sharada Ayurvedic Medical College, Yadgir, Karnataka, India, in the Department of Anatomy, we come across a variation in branching pattern of second and third part of right axillary artery in male cadaver approximately 55 years of age. The first part of axillary artery was found to be normal. In the second part of axillary artery we observed two branches, first one is thoracoacromial artery arose as usual second branch given common trunk which is further divided into lateral thoracic artery and subscapular artery. Even third part of axillary artery gave one common trunk that terminated by bifurcating into Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery and Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery.

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Anatomical Variations of the Peroneus Tertius and Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscles – Case Presentation

Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine ◽

10.2478/jim-2021-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 162-166

Author(s):

Mihai-Iuliu Harșa ◽

Loránd Kocsis ◽

Angéla-Mária Czundel ◽

Lóránd Dénes ◽

Zsuzsanna Pap

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle ◽

Extensor Digitorum ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Left Lower Extremity ◽

Longus Muscle

Abstract Introduction: The extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscles have multiple morphological variations. The tendinous slips of these muscles are used as grafts to replace other damaged tendons. Case presentation: We present a unique anatomical variant observed during dissection of a cadaver at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Romania. The peroneus tertius muscle was identified on the left lower extremity as originating from the inferior third of the fibula and interosseus membrane. The posterior belly of this muscle joins the muscular belly of the extensor digitorum longus muscle. The tendons of toes II to V detach from the extensor digitorum longus muscle with an additional tendon. This last tendon gives off an accessory tendinous slip; lateral to this, the peroneus tertius muscle tendon is observed. In case of the right lower limb we also noted the peroneus tertius muscle originating from the distal part of the extensor digitorum longus muscle. Regarding the extensor digitorum longus muscle we describe an accessory tendinous slip. Conclusion: The anatomical variation reported in this study is similar to those reported by previous studies, but displays particular characteristics regarding the VI tendon of extensor digitorum longus and the joining of the peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus muscles in the left lower extremity.

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Variations in the Axillary Artery Branching Pattern

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/44533.13887 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Deepshikha Singh ◽

Minakshi Malhotra ◽

Sneh Agarwal

Keyword(s):

Axillary Artery ◽

Ulnar Artery ◽

Point Of View ◽

Common Trunk ◽

New Delhi ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Medical College ◽

Lateral Thoracic Artery ◽

Pectoral Nerve ◽

The Right

Variations in axillary artery branching pattern can lead to iatrogenic injuries during invasive procedures. Knowledge of the same is critical to prevent such events. Multiple bilateral variations were observed in the branching pattern of axillary artery. These variations were noted in a female cadaver, during routine undergraduate dissection in September 2019 in Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. On the left side, an anomalous branch running with the medial pectoral nerve was found. A common stem arising from the 2nd part of left axillary artery divided to give the lateral thoracic artery, the subscapular artery and an alar artery. Another alar branch arose from the left subscapular artery before it bifurcated into thoraco-dorsal and circumflex scapular arteries. The right axillary artery gave an aberrant branch proximal to the lateral thoracic artery. A common trunk arising from the 2nd part of right axillary branched out to give the posterior circumflex humeral artery, the subscapular artery and an alar artery. The brachial artery divided 13.5 cm proximal to the intercondylar line of humerus on the left and 14.4 cm on the right side. On both sides, the ulnar artery arose proximally and the radial and common inter-osseous arteries continued as a common trunk and divided distally. This case study reports multiple bilateral axillary artery anomalies and complements to the existing knowledge of vascular anomalies. Comprehensive knowledge of these variations is essential from anatomical, radiological and surgical point of view. During surgeries involving axillary and pectoral group of lymph nodes, such variations should be kept in mind.

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Anatomical variations in patients with chronic sinusitis

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180702 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 428 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pragadeeswaran Kumarasekaran ◽

Rajprakash Dharmapuri Yadhava krishnan ◽

Gurumani Sriraman

Keyword(s):

Nasal Septum ◽

Chronic Sinusitis ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Middle Turbinate ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Uncinate Process ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Concha Bullosa ◽

Deviated Nasal Septum ◽

Anatomical Variant

Background: Chronic sinusitis is repeated bouts of acute infection or persistent inflammation of the sinuses. The range of anatomic variants that can interfere with the mucociliary drainage of osteomeatal complex including concha bullosa, deviated nasal septum, uncinate process variations, ethmoid bulla, paradoxical middle turbinate, agger nasi and Haller cells. This is also important in surgeon point of view to know about detail knowledge of lateral nasal wall, paranasal sinuses, surrounding vital structures and anatomical variation. Methods: Observational case series study in which 90 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis patients attending the ENT outpatient department from November-2015 to November-2016 in Shri Sathya Sai Medical college and Hospital, who had chronic sinusitis for more than three months duration not responding to the medical line treatment and who are willing to undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery are studied and statistically analysed. Results: In our study we found anatomical variation in 93% of chronic sinusitis patients. In our study it was observed that 52% of patients with two anatomical variation, 41% patients presented with single anatomical variation and 7% patients presented with no anatomical variation. In our study deviated nasal septum was the most common anatomical variant noted followed by unilateral concha bullosa, medialized uncinate process, paradoxical middle turbinate, haller cell and agger nasi. Conclusions: In our study it was concluded that presence of anatomical variations is common in patients with chronic sinusitis. Presence of more than one anatomical variations significantly contributes to disease process. Deviated nasal septum is the most common anatomical variation in our study followed by concha bullosa, medialized uncinate process.

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A Unique Communicating Arterial Branch between the Celiac Trunk and the Superior Mesenteric Artery: A Case Report

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.562 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (13) ◽

pp. 2138-2141

Author(s):

Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya ◽

Emilio Aguinaldo ◽

Natalia M. Velasco-Nieves ◽

Erica Barnes ◽

Zachary T. Vandeveer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽

Mesenteric Artery ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Celiac Trunk ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Pancreaticoduodenal Artery ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Asymptomatic Case ◽

Arterial Branch

BACKGROUND: Many anatomical variations have been associated with the Celiac Trunk, of which most are classified as being asymptomatic. CASE PRESENTATION: In this article, we describe yet another anatomical variation involving the Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric artery and the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery during routine cadaveric dissection. We identified a fourth branch of the Celiac trunk (quadrification) that communicated with the Superior Mesenteric artery at the point of origin of the Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery which we concluded to be the Anterior Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal artery. CONCLUSION: This anastomosis could be essential in the case of occlusion between the Celiac Trunk and the Superior Mesenteric artery.

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Topography and Anatomical Variations of the Axillary Artery

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6393780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kiwook Yang ◽

Hyunsu Lee ◽

In-Jang Choi ◽

Woonhyeok Jeong ◽

Hong-Tae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Axillary Artery ◽

Average Length ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Common Origin ◽

Reference Line ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Adult Human ◽

Number Of Branches

Knowledge of anatomical variations of the limb’s main arteries is significant for the clinicians. Thus, this study is aimed at examining the branching pattern and anatomical variations of the axillary artery. We conducted research on 59 upper limbs of adult human donated cadavers. All axillary artery branches’ origins were assessed, and the correlations between points of origins and variations of specific branches were evaluated. The average length of the axillary artery was found to be 11.22 cm, and this length was defined as reference line. Based on this reference line, the first, second, and third parts were 37.56%, 39%, and 30.05%, respectively. The STA was originated from 25.11%. The TAA and LTA were 42.67% and 54.82%, respectively. The SSA, ACHA, and PCHA were 64.72%, 83.89%, and 84.53%, respectively. The origin of LTA was correlated with that of SSA ( R = 0.473 , P < 0.05 ) and AHCA ( R = 0.307 , P < 0.05 ), respectively. And there was a positive correlation between AHCA and PHCA ( R = 0.705 , P < 0.05 ). The number of branches ranged from 3~6, and 9 types were shown. The most frequent branching pattern was common origin of the LTA and SSA (22/59). And AHCA and PHCA were originated together in 19 cases, and both patterns were combined in 12 cases. TTA and LTA branched together in 9 cases, and common trunk for the SSA, PHCA, and AHCA was found in 2 cases. According to this pattern, the origin of LTA and PCHA was significantly different. This information is particularly useful for surgeons and clinicians.

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Morphology of Piriformis- its clinical implications in Piriformis syndrome

International Journal of Anatomy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijar.2020.249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1.2) ◽

pp. 7869-7873

Author(s):

Harsimarjit Kaur ◽

◽

Rimple Bansal ◽

Gurdeep S Kalyan ◽

Ruchi Goyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Variation ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Gluteal Region ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Superior Gluteal Artery ◽

Accessory Muscle ◽

Superficial Branch ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

Human Cadavers

Background and Aim: Anatomical variations of neuromuscular structures of gluteal region are common. Each and every anatomical variation reflects a different and case specific clinical presentation. Piriformis is the key muscle to this region. This work was done to re-investigate the morphology of this muscle and structures related to it, in sufficient number of specimens to correlate with clinical syndrome. Materials and Methods: 60-lower extremities with gluteal region belonging to 30 embalmed adult human cadavers named as specimens comprised the material for this study. Gluteal region was dissected to see the variations in the origin, insertion and accessory slips of piriformis muscle. Results and Conclusion: Out of 60 specimens, piriformis consisted of one belly in 55 specimens (91.67%) and two bellies were observed in 5 specimens (8.33%). In two specimens belonging to one male cadaver, the piriformis was found being pierced by common trunk for inferior gluteal and common peroneal nerves whereas in three specimens piriformis was also being pierced by one root of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh An accessory muscle was observed bilaterally in one cadaver. This accessory muscle was present below the piriformis on right side& it was related with the emergence of tibial nerve in between the piriformis and accessory muscle which is a rare pattern. On left side this accessory muscle was present above the piriformis & was associated with presence of superficial branch of superior gluteal artery between the upper border of piriformis and this accessory muscle. All these variations should be kept in mind during physical examination or evaluating radiological images of patients with low back pain. KEY WORDS: Anatomical variation, Piriformis, Pirifomis syndrome, extraspinal sciatic.

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BILATERAL VARIATION IN THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF THE AXILLARY ARTERY - A CASE REPORT

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 629-633

Author(s):

Hajira Fatima ◽

N. Hima Bindu ◽

Faiz Hussain Mohammad ◽

Dasari Chandipriya

Keyword(s):

Axillary Artery ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Common Trunk ◽

Branching Pattern ◽

The Third ◽

Clinical Procedures ◽

Lateral Thoracic Artery ◽

Thoracodorsal Artery ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

The Right

During routine dissection of a male cadaver for I year MBBS students in the department of Anatomy bilateral variations in the branching pattern of Axillary artery were observed. In the present study it was observed that, on the left side, the subscapular artery which usually arises from the third part of Axillary artery was found to be originating from the second part along with the lateral thoracic artery and thoraco-acromial artery whereas anterior circumflex humeral artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery originated from the third part as usual. On the right side, the circumflex scapular artery and the Thoracodorsal artery were arising as a common trunk from the third part which is not the usual pattern. Knowing such variations is of utmost significance in performing various clinical procedures by Vascular surgeons, Radiologists, Clinical anatomists and in interventional and diagnostic procedures in cardiovascular diseases.

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Anatomical Variations of the Axillary Artery in a Human Cadaver: A Case Report

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/44064.14323 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Martin G Rosario ◽

Monica E Mathis ◽

Paige D Chambers

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Axillary Artery ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Genetic Mutation ◽

Serratus Anterior ◽

The Third ◽

Lateral Thoracic Artery ◽

Outer Border ◽

Teres Major ◽

Caucasian Female

Anatomical variations are deviations from the standard structures and morphologies of bodily arrangements, a phenomenon commonly seen in arteries and nerves. A typical axillary artery extends from the outer border of the first rib to the lower edge of the teres major before the pectoralis minor divides the axillary artery into three parts. Within existing research, several variations have been seen in the branching of the axillary artery, particularly among the second and third divisions. This case report examines and describes the anatomical differences of the second and third division of the axillary artery in a 64-year-old Caucasian female; variations were found in the second division of the axillary artery, two thoracoacromial arteries, as well as the absence of the stemming lateral thoracic artery. Within the third division of the axillary artery, the subscapular artery supplying the latissimus dorsi (two branches), subscapularis (circumflex scapular artery), and the serratus anterior (two branches) muscles were identified and distally, the axillary artery bisected into the brachial and accessory brachial arteries. A genetic mutation, environmental factors, and embryological malformations are among the hypotheses associated with these anatomical variations. From a clinical standpoint, these variations may not produce impairment though the knowledge of an individual’s distinctive arrangements would aid in preventing unnecessary complications that could arise during particular interventions.

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