scholarly journals A Potential Link between Environmental Triggers and Autoimmunity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristo Vojdani
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Autoimmune Reactivity

Autoimmune diseases have registered an alarming rise worldwide in recent years. Accumulated evidence indicates that the immune system's ability to distinguish self from nonself is negatively impacted by genetic factors and environmental triggers. Genetics is certainly a factor, but since it normally takes a very long time for the human genetic pattern to change enough to register on a worldwide scale, increasingly the attention of studies has been focused on the environmental factors of a rapidly changing and evolving civilization. New technology, new industries, new inventions, new chemicals and drugs, and new foods and diets are constantly and rapidly being introduced in this fast-paced ever-changing world. Toxicants, infections, epitope spreading, dysfunctions of immune homeostasis, and dietary components can all have an impact on the body's delicate immune recognition system. Although the precise etiology and pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases are still unknown, it would appear from the collated studies that there are common mechanisms in the immunopathogenesis of multiple autoimmune reactivities. Of particular interest is the citrullination of host proteins and their conversion to autoantigens by the aforementioned environmental triggers. The identification of these specific triggers of autoimmune reactivity is essential then for the development of new therapies for autoimmune diseases.

An Immune Systems Approach for Classifying Mobile Phone Usage

2008 ◽  
pp. 3440-3450
Author(s):  
Hanny Yulius Limanto ◽  
Tay Joc Cing ◽  
Andrew Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Mobile Phone Usage ◽  
Parameter Values

With the recent introduction of third generation (3G) technology in the field of mobile commu-nications, mobile phone service providers will have to find an effective strategy to market this new technology. One approach is to analyze the current profile of existing 3G subscribers to discover common patterns in their usage of mobile phones. With these usage patterns, the service provider can effectively target certain classes of customers who are more likely to purchase their subscription plans. To discover these patterns, we use a novel algorithm called Artificial Immune Recognition System (AIRS) that is based on the specificity of the human immune system. In our experiment, the algorithm performs well, achieving an accuracy rate in the range of 80% to 90%, depending on the set of parameter values used.

Mediators of innate immune recognition of bacteria concentrate in lipid rafts and facilitate lipopolysaccharide-induced cell activation

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Triantafilou ◽  
Kensuke Miyake ◽  
Douglas T. Golenbock ◽  
Kathy Triantafilou
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Lipid Raft ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Cellular Activation ◽  
Signalling Molecules

The plasma membrane of cells is composed of lateral heterogeneities,patches and microdomains. These membrane microdomains or lipid rafts are enriched in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and have been implicated in cellular processes such as membrane sorting and signal transduction. In this study we investigated the importance of lipid raft formation in the innate immune recognition of bacteria using biochemical and fluorescence imaging techniques. We found that receptor molecules that are implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-cellular activation, such as CD14, heat shock protein(hsp) 70, 90, Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), growth differentiation factor 5(GDF5) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are present in microdomains following LPS stimulation. Lipid raft integrity is essential for LPS-cellular activation, since raft-disrupting drugs, such as nystatin or MCD, inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α secretion. Our results suggest that the entire bacterial recognition system is based around the ligation of CD14 by bacterial components and the recruitment of multiple signalling molecules, such as hsp70, hsp90, CXCR4, GDF5 and TLR4, at the site of CD14-LPS ligation, within the lipid rafts.

scholarly journals Familial Aggregation of Psoriasis and Co-Aggregation of Autoimmune Diseases in Affected Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Huei Huang ◽  
Chang-Fu Kuo ◽  
Lu-Hsiang Huang ◽  
Mei-Yun Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
History Of

Psoriasis is considered to result from the interaction of genetic factors and environmental exposure. The evidence for familial aggregation in psoriasis has been reported but population-based studies related to the magnitude of genetic contribution to psoriasis are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the relative risks of psoriasis in individuals with affected relatives and to calculate the proportion of genetic, shared, and non-shared environmental factors contributing to psoriasis. The study cohort included 69,828 patients diagnosed with psoriasis enrolled in National health Insurance in 2010. The adjusted relative risks (RR) for individuals with an affected first-degree relative and affected second-degree relative were 5.50 (95% CI (Confidence Interval), 5.19–5.82) and 2.54 (95% CI, 2.08–3.12) respectively. For those who have affected first-degree relatives, their RR was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.17–1.79) for Sjogren’s syndrome and 1.94 (95% CI, 1.15–3.27) for systemic sclerosis. This nationwide study ascertains that family history of psoriasis is a risk factor for psoriasis. Individuals with relatives affected by psoriasis have higher risks of developing some autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Disease Diagnosis Using Artificial Immune Recognition System

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahaboddin Shamshirband ◽  
Somayeh Hessam ◽  
Hossein Javidnia ◽  
Mohsen Amiribesheli ◽  
Shaghayegh Vahdat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition System ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Artificial Immune ◽  
Artificial Immune Recognition System ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

scholarly journals Projection of the Electronic Toll Collection System in the Republic of Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Marko Vidmar ◽  
Marino Žagar ◽  
Mile Perić
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Electronic Toll Collection ◽  
Toll Collection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technological Improvements

This paper deals with the topic of a modern electronic toll collection system that will be applied in the Republic of Croatia from the year 2022 onwards. The paper primarily analyses the existing toll collection systems in Croatia, as well as in the European Union. Modern electronic toll collection systems were analysed with an emphasis on the ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) system, because ANPR technology will be used in Croatia after the restructuring of road traffic occurs. ANPR is not a new technology, however in the last twenty years it has found its wider application. This happened mostly thanks to local and global infrastructural development and technological improvements therefore in turn infrastructure required for the operation of this system became cheaper. By applying the ETC and ANPR, Croatia will have a system in line with European directives and practices which are being applied in other European countries. The system will in turn significantly raise the quality of road traffic in Croatia and reduce its costs.

New Technology for Training: An Evaluation of the Air Controller Exerciser (ACE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Michael E. McCauley ◽  
Robert W. Root ◽  
Frederick A. Muckler
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Training System ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Traditional Training

This paper describes the evaluation of an experimental prototype training system called the Air Controller Exerciser (ACE). The system was developed to demonstrate the use of new technologies for training including computer speech recognition and generation, videodisc, automated instruction, automated performance measurement, syllabus control, and speech-interactive simulation. Empirical studies were conducted to determine the accuracy of the speech recognition system, validate the performance measurement system, and compare ACE with the traditional training program with a transfer of training test. ACE reasonably showed the potential for the use of new technologies in training. However, a number of changes and improvements would be necessary before ACE would be acceptable as an operational training system.

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