Improving Phosphorus Availability in an Acid Soil Using Organic Amendments Produced from Agroindustrial Wastes

In acid soils, soluble inorganic phosphorus is fixed by aluminium and iron. To overcome this problem, acid soils are limed to fix aluminium and iron but this practice is not economical. The practice is also not environmentally friendly. This study was conducted to improve phosphorus availability using organic amendments (biochar and compost produced from chicken litter and pineapple leaves, resp.) to fix aluminium and iron instead of phosphorus. Amending soil with biochar or compost or a mixture of biochar and compost increased total phosphorus, available phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus fractions (soluble inorganic phosphorus, aluminium bound inorganic phosphorus, iron bound inorganic phosphorus, redundant soluble inorganic phosphorus, and calcium bound phosphorus), and organic phosphorus. This was possible because the organic amendments increased soil pH and reduced exchangeable acidity, exchangeable aluminium, and exchangeable iron. The findings suggest that the organic amendments altered soil chemical properties in a way that enhanced the availability of phosphorus in this study. The amendments effectively fixed aluminium and iron instead of phosphorus, thus rendering phosphorus available by keeping the inorganic phosphorus in a bioavailable labile phosphorus pool for a longer period compared with application of Triple Superphosphate without organic amendments.

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Coapplication of Chicken Litter Biochar and Urea Only to Improve Nutrients Use Efficiency and Yield ofOryza sativaL. Cultivation on a Tropical Acid Soil

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2015/943853 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ali Maru ◽

Osumanu Ahmed Haruna ◽

Walter Charles Primus

Keyword(s):

Acid Soil ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Field Trials ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Chicken Litter ◽

Rice Yields ◽

Use Efficiency

The excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in sustaining high rice yields due to N dynamics in tropical acid soils not only is economically unsustainable but also causes environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to coapply biochar and urea to improve soil chemical properties and productivity of rice. Biochar (5 t ha−1) and different rates of urea (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of recommended N application) were evaluated in both pot and field trials. Selected soil chemical properties, rice plants growth variables, nutrient use efficiency, and yield were determined using standard procedures. Coapplication of biochar with 100% and 75% urea recommendation rates significantly increased nutrients availability (especially P and K) and their use efficiency in both pot and field trials. These treatments also significantly increased rice growth variables and grain yield. Coapplication of biochar and urea application at 75% of the recommended rate can be used to improve soil chemical properties and productivity and reduce urea use by 25%.

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IMPROVING PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF ZEA MAYS L. ON A TROPICAL ACID SOIL USING POULTRY MANURE BIOCHAR AND PINEAPPLE LEAVES COMPOST

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479715000204 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 447-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

HUCK YWIH CH'NG ◽

OSUMANU HARUNA AHMED ◽

NIK MUHAMAD AB. MAJID

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Phosphorus Availability ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Matter Production ◽

Pineapple Leaves

SUMMARYPhosphorus deficiency in tropical acid soils is a problem because soluble inorganic phosphorus is fixed by aluminium and iron. Organic amendments could be used to overcome phosphorus fixation in acid soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to (i) improve soil phosphorus availability using biochar and compost produced from poultry manure and pineapple leaves respectively, and (ii) determine whether the use of biochar and compost could improve phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium uptake and dry matter production of Zea mays L. cultivation on a tropical acid soil. Organic amendments significantly increased soil pH compared with non-organic amendments. Organic amendments also significantly reduced exchangeable acidity and exchangeable forms of aluminium and iron, and effectively fixed aluminium and iron instead of phosphorus. As a result, phosphorus availability in soil increased. Besides increasing the availability of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in soil, organic amendments improved nutrients uptake and dry matter production of Zea mays L. Biochar and compost can be used to improve the productivity of Zea mays L. on acid soils by reducing phosphorus fixation.

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Reducing Acidity of Tropical Acid Soil to Improve Phosphorus Availability and Zea mays L. Productivity through Efficient Use of Chicken Litter Biochar and Triple Superphosphate

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10062127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 2127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Maru ◽

Ahmed Osumanu Haruna ◽

Audrey Asap ◽

Nik Muhamad Abd. Majid ◽

Nathaniel Maikol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Mineral Acid ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Chicken Litter ◽

Maize Plants ◽

The Right ◽

Fe Ions

Phosphorus is a macronutrient which plays an important role in plant metabolism, growth, and development. However, in tropical acid soils, P fixation is high because of significant amounts of Al and Fe ions. Al and Fe ions can reduce diffusion of P into plant roots. Low absorption of P at initial growth of most plants causes stunting and slow growth of plant leaves. This process reduces photosynthesis. Chicken litter biochar (CLB) had been used on tropical acid soils to improve total P, available P, organic P, and inorganic fractions of P. Moreover, CLB is able to reduce exchangeable acidity, Fe, and Al ions in mineral acid soils because of the reactive surfaces of this organic amendment. However, there is dearth of information on the effects of the right combination of CLB and triple superphosphate (TSP) on the aforementioned soil chemical properties and crop productivity. To this end, the objectives of this study were to improve P: (i) Availability in a mineral acid soil and (ii) uptake, agronomic efficiency, and dry matter yield of Zea mays L. using the right amounts of TSP and CLB. Combinations of 75%, 50%, and 25% CLB (based on recommended 5 t ha−1) and TSP (based on recommended P fertilization for maize) were evaluated in a pot study. Selected soil chemical properties, maize plants nutrient uptake, growth variables, and dry matter yield were determined using standard measures. Results showed that 25% and 50% biochar of 5 t ha−1 with 75% TSP can increase soil P availability, recovery, agronomic use efficiency, and dry matter yield of maize plants. These optimum rates can also reduce P fixation by Al and Fe ions. Therefore, soil and maize productivity can be improved by using CLB (25% and 50% of 5 t ha−1) and TSP (75% of conventional rate) to increase nutrients availability especially P.

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Utilization of urea and chicken litter biochar to improve rice production

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89332-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nathaniel Maikol ◽

Ahmed Osumanu Haruna ◽

Ali Maru ◽

Audrey Asap ◽

Simon Medin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Total N ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Chicken Litter

AbstractThe use of N fertilizers on tropical acid soils is increasing because of their low native fertility. Chicken litter biochar was used to improve N use efficiency and rice yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chicken litter biochar on selected chemical properties of a tropical acid soil under rice (MR219) cultivation. Treatments evaluated were in this study were as follows: (1) T1, soil only, (2) T2, existing recommended fertilization, (3) T3, chicken litter biochar alone, and (4) T4, chicken litter biochar + existing recommended fertilization. Plant and soil analyses were conducted using standard procedures. The use of chicken litter biochar increased soil pH, total carbon, total P, available P, total N, and exchangeable N. Also, this practice decreased soil total acidity and exchangeable Al3+. Compared with T2, T4 significantly increased Crop Recovery Efficiency and Agronomic Recovery Efficiency of N. This resulted in a significant increase in the grain yield (11 t ha−1) of MR219 (Malaysia hybrid rice) for T4 compared with the existing rice grain yield of 5.9 t ha−1 (T2). Moreover, application of chicken litter biochar (5 t ha−1) to tropical acid soil suggested that N application can be reduced to 26.67%, 30.03%, 30.15%, and 14.15% of the recommended rates by MADA on days 10, 30, 50, and 70 after transplanting, respectively. Chicken litter biochar can improve the chemical properties of tropical acid soils and rice (MR219) grain yield.

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MINERALIZATION OF SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EFFECT OF LIME

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss63-012 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 97-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

R. L. Halstead ◽

J. M. Lapensee ◽

K. C. Ivarson

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Content ◽

Organic Phosphorus ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Surface Samples ◽

Soil Organic Phosphorus ◽

Repressive Effect ◽

Partial Sterilization ◽

Positive Effect

In a laboratory experiment, liming resulted in an average decline of 3.6 per cent in the total organic phosphorus content of incubated surface samples of seven acid soils from eastern Canada. Increases of 2.6 and 5.1 per cent in 1N H2SO4- and 4N HCl-soluble inorganic phosphorus, respectively, and a decrease of 46.4 per cent in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus (pH 8.5) provided further evidence of mineralization of organic phosphorus following liming. There was some evidence, however, that the differences in NaHCO3-soluble organic phosphorus following liming were due only in part to mineralization, since Ca(OH)2 added to a soil just prior to extraction with NaHCO3 had a repressive effect on the solubility of the organic phosphorus compounds.Some mineralization of organic phosphorus occurred when unlimed samples were incubated in the laboratory for 9 months.Marked increases in microbiological activity, as indicated by increased numbers of microorganisms, and increased CO2 and NO3-nitrogen production, were associated with lower values for extractable organic phosphorus following liming. Partial sterilization of samples with toluene lowered biological activity in the unlimed and limed samples. Toluene was found, however, to have a positive effect on release of phosphorus from organic form.

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Inorganic Phosphorous, Lime and Vermicompost Induced Changes on Phosphorus Fractions and Other Properties of Acidic Soil of Cheha District, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-250222/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bereket Ayenew Alemu ◽

Asmare Melese

Keyword(s):

Acid Soils ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Phosphorus Fractions ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

Combined Application ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Labile Phosphorus ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Labile P ◽

Inorganic Phosphorous

Abstract Background: In acid soils, soluble inorganic phosphorus is fixed by aluminum and iron, so that phosphorous availability to plant would be inhibited. Thus, an incubation study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lime, vermicompost, and mineral P fertilizer on the distribution of P fractions and oxalate and dithionite extractable aluminum and iron. The treatments consisted of three rates of phosphorous (0, 74.51 and 149.01 kg P ha-1), three rates of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 ton VC ha-1) and four rates of lime (0, 5.70, 9.20, and 11.50 ton CaCO3 ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a complete randomized design in a factorial arrangement. Results: Combined application of lime, vermicompost and mineral P significantly increased (p<0.05) labile phosphorus fractions and decreased potential sorption capacities of the soil. As the increased soil pH, reduced exchangeable acidity and oxalate extractable Fe and Al the integrated applications of these amendments fixed aluminum and iron instead of phosphorus, thus rendering phosphorus available by keeping the inorganic phosphorus in a bioavailable labile phosphorus pool compared to sole application of the amendments. Conclusions: Combined applications of lime, vermicompost and inorganic P to acidic soils of Goha-1 in Cheha district could convey enhanced amount of available P and ensures the maintenance of higher levels of labile P. It might also contribute towards meeting crop P requirements.

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Changes in Soil Phosphorus Pools and Chemical Properties under Liming in Nitisols of Farawocha, South Ethiopia

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2021/5518545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Fikeremareyam Chulo ◽

Fanuel Laekemariam ◽

Alemayehu Kiflu

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Organic Part ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

P Pools

Understanding the nutrient dynamics in acid soil is fundamental to carry out proper management. The study was conducted to investigate phosphorus (P) pools and selected properties under different rates of lime for acid nitisols of Farawocha, Southern Ethiopia. Four lime rates incubated for a month in three replications were tested. The lime rates were 0 t/ha (0%), 5.25 t/ha (50%), 10.5 t/ha (100%), and 15.75 t/ha (150%). Lime requirement (LR) for 100% was calculated targeting soil pH of 6.5. Data on the P pools such as soluble P (P-sol) and bounded forms of P with iron (Fe-P), aluminum (Al-P), calcium (Ca-P), organic part (Org-P), residual P (Res-P), and total of P fractions were measured. In addition, changes in soil chemical properties such as pH, exchangeable acidity, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were analyzed. The result showed that total P was 357.5 mg/kg. Compared to nontreated soil, liming at a rate of 15.75 t/ha significantly improved P-sol (34.2%, r2 = 0.88), Ca-P (61.6%, r2 = 0.92), and Res-P (195%, r2 = 0.94); however, it reduced Fe-P (58.5%, r2 = −0.83), Al-P (71%, r2 = −0.97), and Org-P (19.1%, r2 = 0.93). Overall, the P-associated fractions in the soil, regardless of the lime rates, were in the order of Org_P > Res_P > Fe_P > Ca_P > Al_P > P-sol. Liming raised soil pH by 2.1 units (4.5 to 6.6) over nonlimed soil, whereas it reduced exchangeable acidity from 4.18 to 0.23 meq/100 g soil. Available P, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, and B contents were significantly improved with lime application. However, liming reduced Fe and Mn contents. In conclusion, these findings showed that liming facilitated the release of P from various pools, modified pH and exchangeable acidity, and resulted in beneficial changes for most of the soil chemical properties.

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Effects of biochars generated from crop residues on chemical properties of acid soils from tropical and subtropical China

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr12118 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Jin-Hua Yuan ◽

Ren-Kou Xu

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Base Cations ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Subtropical China ◽

Exchangeable Base Cations ◽

Exchangeable Acidity

The chemical compositions of biochars from ten crop residues generated at 350°C and their effects on chemical properties of acid soils from tropical and subtropical China were investigated. There was greater alkalinity and contents of base cations in the biochars from legume residues than from non-legume residues. Carbonates and organic anions of carboxyl and phenolic groups were the main forms of alkalis in the biochars, and their relative contributions to biochar alkalinity varied with crop residues. Incubation experiments indicated that biochar incorporation increased soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations and decreased soil exchangeable acidity. There were greater increases in soil pH and soil exchangeable base cations, and a greater decrease in soil exchangeable acidity, for biochars from legume than from non-legume residues. The biochars did not increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils with relatively high initial CEC but did increase the CEC of soils with relatively low initial CEC at an addition level of 1%. The incorporation of biochars from crop residues not only corrected soil acidity but also increased contents of potassium, magnesium, and calcium in these acid soils from tropical and subtropical regions and thus improved soil fertility.

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Fertility Status of Acid Soils under Different Land Use Types in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2020/3713967 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mesfin Kassa Cholbe ◽

Fassil Kebede Yeme ◽

Wassie Haile Woldeyohannes

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Land Use Type ◽

Grazing Land ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

Fertility Status ◽

Land Use Types

Information on soil fertility status of acid soil of a particular area as affected by land use type is important for developing sound soil management systems for improved and sustainable agricultural productivity. The main objective of this study was to assess the fertility status and effect of land use change on soil physicochemical properties. In this study, adjacent three land use types, namely, enset-coffee, crop, and grazing land use were considered in four districts (i.e., Bolos Sore, Damot Gale, Damot Sore, and Sodo Zuria) of Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–20 cm from each land use type of the respective districts for physicochemical analyses. The results showed that land use types significantly affected ( P ≤ 0.05 ) soil properties such as bulk density, available P, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca, Mg), exchangeable acidity, and CEC. Besides, soil pH, OC, and TN were influenced significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) both by districts and land use types. The very strongly acidic soils were found predominantly in the crop and grazing lands whereas a neutral acidity level was found in the enset-coffee land use type of four districts. In conclusion, the study proves that land use type change within the same geographic setting can affect the severity of soil acidity due to over cultivation and rapid organic matter decomposition. Finally, the study recommends an in-depth study and analysis on the root causes in aggravating soil acidity under crop and grazing land use types.

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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF LIME ADDITIONS ON SUGARCANE YIELD AND SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN NORTH QUEENSLAND

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700003112 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 397-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. D. NOBLE ◽

A. P. HURNEY

Keyword(s):

Acid Soil ◽

Ion Pairs ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Cane Yield ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Highly Weathered Soils

In many highly weathered soils of the humid tropics, crop exploitation of the subsoil environment is limited through acid soil infertility. Since the use of mechanical profile modification is often prohibitive, surface incorporation of soil amendments is often the only means available to rectify this problem. A field trial was established with sugarcane on a strongly Acidic Dystrophic Brown Dermosol (Oxic Humitropept) in 1978 to evaluate the effects of surface incorporated lime additions on yield and performance of sugarcane. Eighteen years after the establishment of this trial, significant responses in cane yield were still evident following a single application of 5 t lime ha−1 made in 1978, as well as repeated applications of 5 t ha−1 on three occasions over the past 18 years. Progressive reductions in exchangeable acidity were accompanied by increases in subsoil Ca2+ and Mg2+. Soil pH increased significantly to a depth of 100 cm, this being attributed to the formation of ion pairs with NO3 in the surface soil, the subsequent leaching of these complexes and the differential uptake of NO3 at depth by roots. The results from this long-term study indicate that surface incorporation of lime is an economically viable approach to the remediation of subsoil acidity on soils such as those studied, namely, those with a low inherent cation exchange capacity and anion exchange capacity.

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