Evaluasi Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Cabai Hias (Capsicum annuum L.) IPB

ABSTRACT Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a commodity that has a high economic value and has been known and cultivated by people throughout the world. Ornamental chili pepper has aesthetic value as ornamental plants such as the round or long round fruits and the diversity of fruit colors. This study was conducted to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characters of 11 genotypes of ornamental chili pepper to obtain superior ornamental chili pepper varieties. The analyzed variables were the plant height, stem length, stem diameter, stem color, shortened internode, plant habitus, leaf shape, leaf color, leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering, corolla color, anther color, flower position, harvest date, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit pedicel length, fruit diameter, fruit shape, fruit shape at blossom end, fruit color, and anthocyanin coloration. This study was conducted in green house of the Cikabayan Experimental Garden and the Laboratory of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, from January to June 2018. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with one factor (genotipe) and four replicates. All genotypes evaluated had diverse quantitative and qualitative characters especially in the character of fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit color. The most preferred genotypes were Ayesha 1, Violeta, and Nazla. Ayesha 1 was favored because of its rounded fruit, interesting and quite varied fruit colors. Violeta and Nazla were prefered because of the purple fruits. Nazla was prefered as pot ornamental plants for its short plant and the convenience to take care. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L, genotipe, ornamental chili pepper Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan merupakan tanaman yang sudah dikenal dan dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Karakter cabai hias memiliki nilai estetika sebagai tanaman hias seperti bentuk buah yang umumnya bulat atau bulat panjang dan warna buah yang sangat bervariasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif 11 genotipe cabai hias untuk menghasilkan varietas cabai hias yang unggul. Karakter yang diamati terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, diameter batang, warna batang, pemendekan ruas, habitus tanaman, bentuk daun, warna daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, waktu munculnya bunga, warna mahkota bunga, warna anther, kedudukan bunga, umur panen buah, bobot buah, panjang buah, panjang tangkai buah, diameter buah, bentuk buah, bentuk pangkal buah, perubahan warna buah, dan pewarnaan antosianin. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan dan Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2018. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor yaitu genotipe dengan 4 kali ulangan. Semua genotipe yang dievalusi memiliki karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang beragam baik antar genotipe uji maupun dengan varietas pembanding, terutama pada karakter bobot buah, panjang buah, dan warna buah. Genotipe yang paling disukai adalah Ayesha 1, Violeta, dan Nazla. Ayesha 1 disukai karena bentuk buahnya yang membulat dan warna buahnya yang menarik dan beragam. Violeta dan Nazla disukai karena buahnya berwarna ungu. Nazla lebih disukai untuk tanaman hias pot karena perawakannya yang pendek dan memudahkan perawatan. Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum L., cabai hias, genotipe

Application of RAPD Markers on Sex Determination of Papaya (Carica papaya)

Molecular sex determination of five varieties of Indonesian papaya were investigated using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA) markers. Overall, 12 of 14 primers produced polymorphic bands on either several or all tested varieties. The OPC04 and RAPD2 markers could be used determined sex types on all varieties, whereas others primers are only on certain varieties. The Tangkai Ungu variety can be differentiate by markers: OPA11, OPA14, OPC14, RAPD2, RAPD3, and RAPD5; the Lokal Sumani can be determine using markers: OPA01, OPA11, OPA14, OPC01, OPC04, RAPD2, RAPD3, RAPD5, and RAPD6; the Merah Delima could be determined using OPC04, OPN09, RAPD2, and RAPD5; the Dampit could be determined using OPC01, OPC04, RAPD2, and RAPD6; whereas the Sicincing Panjang could be determined using OPA04, OPA11, OPA14, OPC04, RAPD2, and RAPD3.

Perbedaan Respon Seleksi, Kemajuan Seleksi, dan Jumlah Segregan Transgresif Hasil Persilangan Tomat Suka Naungan dengan Tomat Peka Naungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemajuan seleksi dan segregan transgresif tanaman tomat generasi awal di bawah naungan. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 percobaan, dimana percobaan pertama dilaksanakan pada Juli – Oktober 2016 sedangkan percobaan kedua dilaksanakan pada Agustus – November 2017. Genotipe tomat SSH3 (suka naungan), 4979 (peka naungan) dan populasi F2 hasil persilangan SSH3 dan 4979 ditanam di Kebun Percobaan IPB, Pasir Kuda, Ciomas, Bogor pada percobaan pertama. Sebanyak 13 genotipe F3 (hasil seleksi populasi F2 pada percobaan 1), genotipe SSH3, genotipe 2979 dan populasi F2 hasil persilangan SSH3 x 4979 ditanam pada percobaan 2. Evaluasi kemajuan seleksi dan segregan hasil persilangan tomat suka naungan dan peka naungan, menunjukkan bahwa karakter jumlah buah dan bobot buah tomat menghasilkan nilai persentase kemajuan seleksi harapan yang tinggi namun menghasilkan persentase kemajuan seleksi yang lebih rendah. Karakter fruit set menghasilkan nilai persentase kemajuan seleksi harapan dan persentase kemajuan seleksi yang sama-sama tinggi. Sementara karakter vegetatif dan karakter buah tomat menghasilkan persentase kemajuan seleksi harapan dan kemajuan seleksi yang sama-sama rendah. Segregan transgresif banyak diperoleh berdasarkan karakter fruit set, lebih sedikit dihasilkan berdasarkan karakter jumlah dan bobot buah per tanaman, dan tidak dihasilkan berdasarkan karakter vegetatif dan karakter buah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa karakter jumlah buah dan bobot buah per tanaman tomat lebih banyak dikendalikan oleh gen-gen non aditif, karakter fruit set lebih banyak dikendalikan gen-gen aditif pada kondisi di bawah naungan, dan tidak terdapat keragaman genetik pada karakter vegetatif dan karakter buah tanaman tomat pada populasi yang digunakan.

Karakterisasi Morfologidan Uji Daya Hasil 15 Genotipe Caisin (Brassica rapa L.Cv. Grup Caisin)

Characterization is the first stage in plant breeding that aims to reveal the morphological character and selection of the genotypes that adapt to low-altitude of area. To fulfill caisin consumption demands in Indonesia, extensification was needed from high altitude grounds which is the natural habitat of caisin to low-altitude. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) is used and genotype as a single factor. 15 genotypes were used from collection of PKHT BRP 004, BRP 002, BRP 009, BRP 022, BRP 007, BRP 020, BRP 010, BRP 012, BRP 021, and those given the induction of mutations in BRP 004 R, BRP 002 R, BRP 009 R, BRP 003 R, and BRP 019 R. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance then Tukey test as the advanced test. BRP 010 genotype has the heaviest total harvest mass and harvest mass without the root, yet BRP 009 R genotype has the highest harvest index score which means it has the highest percentage of edible part. BRP 002 R, BRP 009 R, and BRP 019 R, are genotypes from the irradiation process that has color diversity. The result of analysis of variance showed that from 11 quantitative characters from 15 caisin genotypes, 3 characters was found not showing a true statistical difference, there are quantity of leaf, leaf width, and height ratio (NLP), and stalk width. BRP 022 Genotypes has the narrowest and the shortest leaf, the shortest leaf stalk, and the narrowest leaf diameter. BRP 002 has the highest plant height and Sri Tanjung genotype has the shortest plant height. BRP 010, BRP 004 R, BRP 002 R, BRP 019 R and BRP 009 R genotypes have potential to submitted for new varieties candidate that adaptive to low-altitude ground.

Pendugaan Umur Simpan Cabai Merah Kering (Capsicum annum L.) dengan Metode Konvensional

Food processing in the industry aims to extend the shelf life of a product. Shelf life is one of the requirements that must be evaluated before food products were marketed and safety for consumption. Estimation of shelf life was done by conventional methods. The conventional methode that was storage of some products at room temperature conditions which have the same weight and date of production. Observations data were taken on parameters of water content, vitamin C, color and total microbes (TPC). The experimental design taken partially staggered design by simple regression. The results showed that the dried chilli was increasing for water content 0.0975%, vitamin C 0.27 mg 100 g-1, log TPC as much as 0.0487 colonies g-1 and chili color which remained stable in the range of 16-18.3 chroma of storage for 24 days. Based on the results of the calculation of the conventional method, the linear regression equation of water content was y = 0.0975x + 8.0732 so that it obtained 71 days shelf life and based on log TPC regression was y = 0.0487x + 8.1831 obtained 65 days shelf life.

Laju Pengeringan Kentang Kering (Solanum tuberosum L.) dengan Menggunakan Tunnel Dehydrator

AbstrakTujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untukmendapatkan laju pengeringan kentang kering yang memiliki kualitas warna dan kadar air terbaik dengan perlakuan suhu dan ukuran kentang yang diujikan. Pengeringan ini menggunakan Tunnel Dehydrator untuk mendapatkan kombinasi perlakuan suhu dan ukuran kentang dengan analisis warna dan kadar air untuk mendapatkan perlakuan terbaik dan laju pengeringan. Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkanlaju pengeringan y = -0.013x + 5.0433 dan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.9539 atau 95.39% dengan Perlakuan pengeringan terbaik pada suhu 70˚C dengan ketebalan kentang 1 x 1 x 1 cm,rendemen 14.1 %, kadar air 10.26% dan nilai chroma 23.35(baik sekali) Kata Kunci ; Laju pengeringan, Kentang Kering, Dehydrated Potatoes, Tunnel Dehydrator AbstractThe purpose of this study is to obtain the drying rate of dry potatoes that have the best color quality and moisture content by treating the temperature and size of the potatoes tested. This drying uses a Tunnel Dehydrator to get a combination of temperature and size treatment of potatoes by color analysis and water content to get the best treatment and drying rate. The results of this study get the drying rate y = -0.013x + 5.0433 and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9539 or 95.39% with the best drying treatment at a temperature of 70˚C with potato thickness 1 x 1 x 1 cm, yield 14.1%, moisture content 10.26 % and chroma value 23.35 (very good) Keyword; Drying rate, Dry Potatoes, Dehydrated Potatoes, Tunnel Dehydrator

Keragaman Genetik Karakter Kuantitatif pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)

This study was to obtain genetic parameters information of quantitative traits in some chili genotypes that are related to yield traits using populations planted on two locations. Experimental design used was two factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications in two locations (Rimbo Panjang, Kampar and Leuwikopo, Bogor). Genetic variability was analyzed by cluster analysis.High broad sense heritability was observed from the traits. Cluster analysis by grouping 20 genotypes to 7 groups. The grouping was important to choose the parent lines for developing a new superior chili varieties with special fruit sizes.