The Neuroprotective Effect ofCornus mason Brain Tissue of Wistar Rats

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) is a valuable source of phenolic antioxidants. Flavonoid derivatives as nonenzymatic antioxidants are important in the pathophysiology of many diseases including neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) or heart disease. In this study, we examined the effect of an addition of freeze-dried fruit of cornelian cherry on three types of diets: control diet, fructose diet, and diet enriched in fats (high-fat diet). This effect was studied by determining the following antioxidant parameters in both brain tissue and plasma in rats: catalase, ferric reducing ability of plasma, paraoxonase, protein carbonyl groups, and free thiol groups. Results indicate that both fructose diet and high-fat diet affect the antioxidant capacity of the organism. Furthermore, an addition of cornelian cherry resulted in increased activity of catalase in brain tissue, while in plasma it caused the opposite effect. In turn, with regard to paraoxonase activity in both brain tissue and plasma, it had a stimulating effect. Adding cornelian cherry to the tested diets increased the activity of PON in both tested tissues. Moreover, protective effect of fruits of this plant was observed in the process of oxidation of proteins by decreasing levels of protein carbonyl groups and thiol groups in brain tissue as well as in plasma.

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Aronia melanocarpaTreatment and Antioxidant Status in Selected Tissues in Wistar Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/457085 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Renata Francik ◽

Mirosław Krośniak ◽

Ilona Sanocka ◽

Henryk Bartoń ◽

Tomasz Hebda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

High Fat ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Tissue Homogenates ◽

The Impact

Aroniajuice is considered to be a source of compounds with high antioxidative potential. We conducted a study on the impact of compounds in theAroniajuice on oxidative stress in plasma and brain tissues. The influence ofAroniajuice on oxidative stress parameters was tested with the use of a model with a high content of fructose and nonsaturated fats. Therefore, the activity of enzymatic (catalase, CAT, and paraoxonase, PON) and nonenzymatic (thiol groups, SH, and protein carbonyl groups, PCG) oxidative stress markers, which indicate changes in the carbohydrate and protein profiles, was marked in brain tissue homogenates. AddingAroniacaused statistically significant increase in the CAT activity in plasma in all tested diets, while the PON activity showed a statistically significant increase only in case of high fat diet. In animals fed withAroniajuice supplemented with carbohydrates or fat, statistically significant increase in the PON activity and the decrease in the CAT activity in brain tissue were observed. In case of the high fat diet, an increase in the number of SH groups and a decrease in the number of PCG groups in brain tissue were observed.

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Oxidation state of tissue thiol groups and content of protein carbonyl groups in chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2600359 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 260 (2) ◽

pp. 359-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

M E Murphy ◽

J P Kehrer

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Protein Pool

Indirect evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of inherited muscular dystrophy, but the significance and precise extent of this contribution is poorly understood. Compared with normal muscle, significantly higher contents of glutathione, glutathione disulphide, protein-glutathione mixed disulphides and protein carbonyl groups, and significantly lower contents of free protein thiol groups, were found in pectoralis major muscle of genetically dystrophic chickens (the muscle affected by this disease) at 4 weeks of age. Other tissues did not show such marked disease-related differences. Interestingly, the protein pool in normal, but not dystrophic, pectoralis major muscle was relatively less oxidized in relation to the glutathione pool as compared with other tissues studied. The mechanisms by which this unique relationship between the thiol pools is maintained remain unknown. Although the physiological consequences of the increased content of protein carbonyl groups and the altered thiol pools in dystrophic muscle are not clear, the changes evident at such a young age are consistent with the occurrence of oxidative stress and may reflect significant damage to cellular proteins in this disease.

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High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool

Translational Neuroscience ◽

10.1515/tnsci-2020-0099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 147-160

Author(s):

Ranyah Shaker M. Labban ◽

Hanan Alfawaz ◽

Ahmed T. Almnaizel ◽

Wail M. Hassan ◽

Ramesa Shafi Bhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Obese Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Brain Neurotransmitter ◽

The Brain ◽

Lean Group

AbstractObesity and the brain are linked since the brain can control the weight of the body through its neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain functioning through the measurement of brain glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolic pools. In the present study, two groups of rats served as subjects. Group 1 was fed a normal diet and named as the lean group. Group 2 was fed an HFD for 4 weeks and named as the obese group. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and vitamin C), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-12), and leptin along with a lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels) were measured in the serum. Neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate were measured in brain tissue. Fecal samples were collected for observing changes in gut flora. In brain tissue, significantly high levels of dopamine and glutamate as well as significantly low levels of serotonin were found in the obese group compared to those in the lean group (P > 0.001) and were discussed in relation to the biochemical profile in the serum. It was also noted that the HFD affected bacterial gut composition in comparison to the control group with gram-positive cocci dominance in the control group compared to obese. The results of the present study confirm that obesity is linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemic processes, and altered brain neurotransmitter levels that can cause obesity-related neuropsychiatric complications.

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Intermittent Fasting Ameliorated High-Fat Diet-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in Brain

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Suzan M. Hazzaa ◽

Mabrouk A. Abd Eldaim ◽

Amira A. Fouda ◽

Asmaa Shams El Dein Mohamed ◽

Mohamed Mohamed Soliman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Lipids ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Granular Cell ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

High Fat ◽

Cell Layers

Intermittent fasting (IF) plays an important role in the protection against metabolic syndrome-induced memory defects. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of both prophylactic and curative IF against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced memory defects in rats. The control group received a normal diet; the second group received a HFD; the third group was fed a HFD for 12 weeks and subjected to IF during the last four weeks (curative IF); the fourth group was fed a HFD and subjected to IF simultaneously (prophylactic IF). A high-fat diet significantly increased body weight, serum lipids levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and H score in brain tissue and altered memory performance. In addition, it significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in brain tissue and viability and thickness of pyramidal and hippocampus granular cell layers. However, both types of IF significantly decreased body weight, serum lipids, GFAP protein expression and H score and MDA concentration in brain tissue, and improved memory performance, while it significantly increased GSH concentration in brain tissue, viability, and thickness of pyramidal and granular cell layers of the hippocampus. This study indicated that IF ameliorated HFD-induced memory disturbance and brain tissue damage and the prophylactic IF was more potent than curative IF.

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Protein carbonyl group content in patients affected by familiar chronic nail candidiasis

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1080/09629350310001599693 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 247-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Gangemi ◽

A. Saija ◽

A. Tomaino ◽

F. Cimino ◽

R. A. Merendino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Halide System ◽

Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates ◽

Hands And Feet

Familiar chronic nail candidiasis (FCNC) is a rare disorder characterized by early-onset infections caused by different species of Candida, restricted to the nail of the hands and feet, and associated with a low serum concentration of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Host defense mechanisms against candidiasis require the cooperation of many immune cells through several candidacidal mechanisms, including oxygen-dependent killing mechanisms, mediated by a superoxide anion radical myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system, and reactive nitrogen intermediates. We analyzed protein carbonyl groups (considered a useful marker of oxidative stress) in the serum of patients belonging to a five-generation Italian family with an isolated form of FCNC.Serum protein carbonyl groups in FCNC patients were significantly lower than those measured in healthy donors.Also, if this hypothesis is merely speculative, we could suggest that the decreased circulating level of protein carbonyl groups in these patients is not a marker of a lower oxidative stress condition, but might be linked to a lower protease activity.

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Behaviour of protein carbonyl groups in juvenile myocardial infarction

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation ◽

10.3233/ch-2012-1551 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 297-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gregorio Caimi ◽

Baldassare Canino ◽

Egle Incalcaterra ◽

Eleonora Ferrera ◽

Maria Montana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups

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Effect of Addition of Oat Bran Protein Hydrolysates on Vitamins A, C, E Levels and Protein Carbonyl in Mice on High-Fat Diet

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.668 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. S110-S111

Author(s):

Apollinaire Tsopmo ◽

Sara Jodayree ◽

Alfonso B. Abizaid

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Protein Hydrolysates ◽

High Fat ◽

Oat Bran

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Protein carbonyl groups’ content as a useful clinical marker of antioxidant barrier impairment in plasma of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00288-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 101-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Joanna Renke ◽

Stefan Popadiuk ◽

Maria Korzon ◽

Bożena Bugajczyk ◽

Michał Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Chronic Arthritis ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Chronic Arthritis ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Clinical Marker ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups

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Analysis of Association between Intake of Red Wine Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Liver of Growing Male Rats

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186389 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6389

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kołota ◽

Dominika Głąbska ◽

Michał Oczkowski ◽

Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska

Keyword(s):

Red Wine ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Male Rats ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Stress Parameters ◽

Oxidative Effect

Red wine is a complex alcoholic beverage containing various substances, including those of a potential health-promoting properties, such as polyphenols, responsible for the sensory features of wine. Their potential positive influence is associated with possibility of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulating, and antiallergenic effects, but at the same time, there is a possibility of their pro-oxidative effect. In spite of the fact that in adolescence alcohol may be highly damaging, as it may disturb the development, it is abused frequently. The aim of the study was to verify the association between red wine consumption as well as dietary polyphenol intake with wine and the oxidative stress parameters in the liver of growing male rats. The growing male Wistar rats were studied, while divided into three groups of six animals, receiving red wine in a solution characterized by 10% of ethanol content since 30th day of life, for two, four, and six weeks. The alcohol intake was controlled and the content of total phenolic compounds, selected phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid), total anthocyanidins and selected anthocyanins (cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, delphinidin, and pelargonidin) were assessed. At the same time, for the liver homogenates, the levels of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl groups were verified. The analysis revealed statistically significant influence of red wine intake, as well as of supply of phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid), and anthocyanins (cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, delphinidin, and pelargonidin) on TBARS and protein carbonyl groups level (R > 0.80; p < 0.05), but the influence was stated only for the period of two weeks. The obtained results may suggest pro-oxidative effect of both ethanol and polyphenols for the liver of the growing male rats. At the same time, for the periods of four and six weeks, no influence on TBARS and protein carbonyl groups level was observed (p > 0.05), which may allow to suppose an adaptive mechanism of the growing organism while the ethanol and polyphenols exposition is prolonged. Further studies are required to confirm the mechanism of the pro-oxidative effect of polyphenols contained in red wine for the liver of growing organism.

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