Historical Use of Cultivars as Parents in Florida and Louisiana Sugarcane Breeding Programs

Sugarcane (Saccharum L. spp. hybrids) growers depend on breeding programs for new, high-yielding cultivars that have resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, so breeders continually seek out widely adapted, high yielding germplasm to be used as parents for their programs. Cultivars are sometimes used for this purpose, but their use may be minimized to prevent genetic diversity erosion. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of cultivars as parents in three USA (one in Florida and two in Louisiana) sugarcane breeding programs by quantifying the percentage of cultivars that had these parental groupings based on published registrations and crossing records. The percentage of cultivars with at least one commercial parent for each program was 81.8%, 77.5%, and 64.3% for the Houma (Ho), Louisiana, Canal Point (CP), Florida and Louisiana State University (LSU) programs, respectively, but cultivars were recently used as parents in only 11.8% (Ho), 16.39% (CP), and 34.3% (LSU) of crosses. The results indicate that the CP and Ho programs should consider increasing the use of cultivars as parents in their breeding programs to increase the probability of selecting potential commercial genotypes, but this should be balanced with high diversity crosses to avoid the loss of diversity.

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Molecular Diversity of The Tidal Swamp Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm of The South Kalimantan, Indonesia

10.20944/preprints201803.0120.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dindin H. Mursyidin ◽

Purnomo Purnomo ◽

Issirep Sumardi ◽

Budi S. Daryono

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

The South ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Intergenic Spacer Region ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Wide Range

Tidal swamp rice has long been cultivated by the local people of the South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This germplasm possess some important traits for adapted to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, a total of sixteen cultivars of this germplasm, consisting of fifteen of the South Kalimantan Province and one of Sumatera Island, Indonesia (an outgroup) were analyzed, phylogenetically based on the chloroplast trnL-F and nuclear intergenic spacer region (IGS). The results showed that this germplasm has a relatively more extraordinary genetic diversity than other local rice germplasm. In a nucleotide level, this germplasm showed a genetic diversity of 0.61 for nuclear IGS and 0.58 for trnL-F. The phylogenetic reconstruction also exhibited that this germplasm has the unique illustration of phylogenetic trees, particularly for the combined sequence datasets. Thus, the results of our study would provide useful information for further understanding of evolutionary relationships of this germplasm and facilitate the efficient utilization of valuable genes for genetic improvement, particularly in the tidal swamp areas.

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Characterization of cis-elements in hormonal stress-responsive genes in Oryza sativa

Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.35118/apjmbb.2019.027.1.10 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 95-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abbas Saidi ◽

Zohreh Hajibarat

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Elements ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Auxin Signaling ◽

Cis Elements ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Responsive Element ◽

Dehydrin Gene

Phytohormones play a key role in plant growth and development. The process of plant’s perception and response to abiotic and biotic stresses is controlled mainly by the phytohormones which act as an endogenous messenger in the regulation of the plant’s status. They can be activated by different signaling pathways in response to environmental stresses. Plants respond to environmental stress through interaction of transcription factors with a handful of cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Some examples of cis elements include abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE), G-box (CACGTG) element, and W-box. In order to investigate the effects of different hormonal stresses which have a key role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in rice, microarray data was used. Of the available data, 931 genes revealed significant differences in response to different hormonal stresses such as auxin, cytokinin, abcisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. The present results showed that 388 genes were up-regulated, and 543 genes were down-regulated. Most of the genes were up-regulated in response to Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hormone. Genes Ontology analysis revealed that they respond to various hormones involved in auxin- responsive genes, auxin-activated signaling pathway and cellular responses to environmental stimuli. G-box had the highest number of cis elements involved in hormonal stress and was regulated by auxin signaling and various stresses. Dehydrin was the only gene up-regulated in response to the six hormones. This gene can be activated in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. As such, dehydrin gene can be used in crop breeding programs to increase tolerance to different environmental stresses in various plant species.

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Worldwide Genetic Diversity of the Wild Species Saccharum spontaneum and Level of Diversity Captured within Sugarcane Breeding Programs

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2017.06.0339 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 218-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Karen Aitken ◽

Jingchuan Li ◽

George Piperidis ◽

Cai Qing ◽

Fan Yuanhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Wild Species ◽

Saccharum Spontaneum ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Sugarcane Breeding

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A Simple and Effective Method for Quantifying Leaf Variegation

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.17.3.285 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 285-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Qiansheng Li ◽

Jianjun Chen ◽

Dennis B. McConnell ◽

Richard J. Henny

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Digital Camera ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Brief Training ◽

Leaf Variegation ◽

Adobe Photoshop ◽

Codiaeum Variegatum

A simple and effective method for quantification of leaf variegation was developed. Using a digital camera or a scanner, the image of a variegated leaf was imported into a computer and saved to a file. Total pixels of the entire leaf area and total pixels of each color within the leaf were determined using an Adobe Photoshop graphics editor. Thus, the percentage of each color's total pixel count in relation to the total pixel count of the entire leaf was obtained. Total leaf area was measured through a leaf area meter; the exact area of this color was calculated in reference to the pixel percentage obtained from Photoshop. Using this method, variegated leaves of ‘Mary Ann’ aglaonema (Aglaonema x), ‘Ornate’ calathea (Calathea ornate), ‘Yellow Petra’ codiaeum (Codiaeum variegatum), ‘Florida Beauty’ dracaena (Dracaena surculosa), ‘Camille’ dieffenbachia (Dieffenbachia maculata), and ‘Triostar’ stromanthe (Stromanthe sanguinea) were quantified. After a brief training period, this method was used by five randomly selected individuals to quantify the variegation of the same set of leaves. The results were highly reproducible no matter who performed the quantification. This method, which the authors have chosen to call the quantification of leaf variegation (QLV) method, can be used for monitoring changes in colors and variegation patterns incited by abiotic and biotic stresses as well as quantifying differences in variegation patterns of plants developed in breeding programs.

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