scholarly journals Modeling Unidirectional Pedestrian Movement: An Investigation of Diffusion Behavior in the Built Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Cheng Sun ◽  
Yiming Bie
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
Diffusion Behavior ◽  
Movement Process ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

Unidirectional pedestrian movement is a special phenomenon in the evacuation process of large public buildings and urban environments at pedestrian scale. Several macroscopic models for collective behaviors have been built to predict pedestrian flow. However, current models do not explain the diffusion behavior in pedestrian crowd movement, which can be important in representing spatial-temporal crowd density differentiation in the movement process. This study builds a macroscopic model for describing crowd diffusion behavior and evaluating unidirectional pedestrian flow. The proposed model employs discretization of time and walking speed in geometric distribution to calculate downstream pedestrian crowd flow and analyze movement process based on upstream number of pedestrians and average walking speed. The simulated results are calibrated with video observation data in a baseball stadium to verify the model precision. Statistical results have verified that the proposed pedestrian diffusion model could accurately describe pedestrian macromovement behavior within the margin of error.

Interpretive effectiveness at Kanha Tiger Reserve, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Benton ◽  
Bitapi C. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Interpretive Center

The first study of interpretation in India examined the effectiveness of interpretive facilities and exhibits to convey interpretive conservation messages. Kanha Tiger Reserve features a large budget, advanced technology, and international visitation. The single-case, multiple-methods approach examined visitor knowledge and behavior regarding exhibits. Pre- and post-program surveys, video observation of visitor flow through the interpretive center, and the readability of text were analyzed. Results from the survey indicate that visitor knowledge increased in spite of noise in the center. Video observation data suggests that visitor interest measured by attention index and holding power were greatest for the management related exhibits and decreased as participants moved further into the interpretive center. Images of tigers were found to be more important for attraction and holding power than the center's advanced floor light panels and other interpretive techniques. Dioramas, maps, and models were favored over text by visitors for readability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tsunami evacuation planning of the primary school student in Padang

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Yosritzal ◽  
Badrul Mustafa Kemal ◽  
Mahdhivan Syafwan ◽  
Junaidi ◽  
Hasdi Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Primary School Student ◽  
Evacuation Experiment

This paper presents an evaluation of the tsunami evacuation of elementary school children in Padang. The objective of the study is to evaluate the evacuation planning using an observation data from an evacuation Experiment initiated by the Padang Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD Padang). In this study, the chosen evacuation destination was evaluated based on the available evacuation time, the evacuation methods, walking speed of the students in a group and the provided tools in the classroom for evacuation as in the guidelines of tsunami evacuation for schools in Hawaii.

SIMULATION OF PEDESTRIAN DYNAMIC USING A VECTOR FLOOR FIELD MODEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350023 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN YANG ◽  
ZHONGSHENG HOU ◽  
MINGHUI ZHAN
Keyword(s):  
Field Model ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Floor Field

Simulation of complex scenarios and multi-direction pedestrian flow is a main challenge to microscopic model of pedestrian movement. It is an issue to simulate real pedestrian traffic with great fidelity while keeping its computational cost at an acceptable level. This paper reports on an improved floor field model called vector floor field model to simulate pedestrian flows in some basic scenarios. In this model, vectorization of static floor field and dynamic floor field are used to indicate preference directions and the pedestrian flow tendency, respectively. Pedestrian transition depends on both their preference directions and tendency. The simulations in some basic scenarios are conducted, quantitative comparison to the record of practical experiments and standard floor field model is given as well, and the results indicate the effectivity of this model. An adjusted static vector floor field is also proposed to simulate pedestrian flow in turning scenario. The vector floor field model is also sufficient to simulate some essential features in pedestrian dynamic, such as lane formation. This model can be widely used in the simulation of multi-direction pedestrian at turning, crossing and other junctions.

An approach for emotions and behavior modeling in a crowd in the presence of rare events

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Saifi ◽  
Abdelhak Boubetra ◽  
Farid Nouioua
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
Emotional Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Behavior

A common phenomenon in everyday life is that, when a strange event occurs or is announced, a regular crowd can completely change, showing different intense emotions and sometimes uncontrollable and violent emerging behavior. These emotions and behaviors that disturb the organization of a crowd are of concern in our study, and we attempt to predict these suspicious circumstances and provide help in making the right decisions at the right time. Furthermore, most of the models that address crowd disasters belong to the physical or the cognitive approaches. They study pedestrian flow and collision avoidance, etc., and they use walking speed and angle of vision. However, in this work, based on a behavioral rules approach, we aim to model emergent emotion, behavior and influence in a crowd, taking into account particularly the personality of members of the crowd. For this purpose, we have combined the OCEAN (Openness, Consciousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) personality model with the OCC (Ortony, Clore, and Collins) emotional model to indicate the susceptibility of each of the five personality factors to feeling every emotion. Then we proposed an approach that uses first fuzzy logic for the emotional modeling of critical emotions of members of the crowd at the announcement or the presence of unusual events, in order to quantify emotions. Then, we model the behavior and the tendency towards actions using probability theory. Finally, the influence among the members of the crowd is modeled using the neighborhood principle and cellular automata.

scholarly journals An improved version of the Hughes model for pedestrian flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 671-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Carrillo ◽  
Stephan Martin ◽  
Marie-Therese Wolfram
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Overall Performance

Roger Hughes proposed a macroscopic model for pedestrian dynamics, in which individuals seek to minimize their travel time but try to avoid regions of high density. One of the basic assumptions is that the overall density of the crowd is known to every agent. In this paper we present a modification of the Hughes model to include local effects, namely limited vision, and a conviction towards decision making. The modified velocity field enables smooth turning and temporary waiting behavior. We discuss the modeling in the micro- and macroscopic setting as well as the efficient numerical simulation of either description. Finally we illustrate the model with various numerical experiments and evaluate the behavior with respect to the evacuation time and the overall performance.

A higher-order macroscopic model for bi-direction pedestrian flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 425 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Qun Jiang ◽  
Shu-Guang Zhou ◽  
Fang-Bao Tian
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow

Macroscopic Simulation of Pedestrian Flow through a Bottleneck

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 1168-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qun Jiang ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Conservation Equation ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Macroscopic Simulation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Mass Conservation Equation

The paper deals with the macroscopic type modelling of the unidirectional pedestrian flow moving through a corridor with a bottleneck. The macroscopic model of pedestrian flow is the two-dimensional Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model described as a mass conservation equation. The characteristic feature of pedestrian route choice is that pedestrians in the corridor try to minimize the instantaneous travel time and improve the comfort level. The model equation is solved numerically by the discontinuous Galerkin method. Numerical results visualize the ability of the model to predict macroscopic characteristics of pedestrian flow through bottlenecks, i.e. the spatial distribution of the flow speed and density, as well as the formation and dissipation of traffic congestion in the corridor. They also validate that congestion is caused by the limited capacity of the bottleneck.

scholarly journals Classification of Video Observation Data for Volcanic Activity Monitoring Using Computer Vision and Modern Neural NetWorks (on Klyuchevskoy Volcano Example)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4747
Author(s):  
Sergey Korolev ◽  
Aleksei Sorokin ◽  
Igor Urmanov ◽  
Aleksandr Kamaev ◽  
Olga Girina
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Activity Monitoring ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Observation Systems

Currently, video observation systems are actively used for volcano activity monitoring. Video cameras allow us to remotely assess the state of a dangerous natural object and to detect thermal anomalies if technical capabilities are available. However, continuous use of visible band cameras instead of special tools (for example, thermal cameras), produces large number of images, that require the application of special algorithms both for preliminary filtering out the images with area of interest hidden due to weather or illumination conditions, and for volcano activity detection. Existing algorithms use preselected regions of interest in the frame for analysis. This region could be changed occasionally to observe events in a specific area of the volcano. It is a problem to set it in advance and keep it up to date, especially for an observation network with multiple cameras. The accumulated perennial archives of images with documented eruptions allow us to use modern deep learning technologies for whole frame analysis to solve the specified task. The article presents the development of algorithms to classify volcano images produced by video observation systems. The focus is on developing the algorithms to create a labelled dataset from an unstructured archive using existing and authors proposed techniques. The developed solution was tested using the archive of the video observation system for the volcanoes of Kamchatka, in particular the observation data for the Klyuchevskoy volcano. The tests show the high efficiency of the use of convolutional neural networks in volcano image classification, and the accuracy of classification achieved 91%. The resulting dataset consisting of 15,000 images and labelled in three classes of scenes is the first dataset of this kind of Kamchatka volcanoes. It can be used to develop systems for monitoring other stratovolcanoes that occupy most of the video frame.

scholarly journals Characterization of Collision Avoidance in Pedestrian Crowds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Haitao Zhu ◽  
Shi Qiu ◽  
Boyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Pedestrian Crowd

The avoidance behavior of pedestrians was characterized in the present paper by simulating the movement of crowds in both unidirectional and bidirectional pedestrian flow. A phase change of alternative lane formation observed in real bidirectional pedestrian flows has been studied, where pedestrians tended to evade individuals in counterflow and simultaneously keep a certain distance from each other in the uniform pedestrian flow when the counterflow disappeared. What is more, the comparison between the effect of evading and pushing behavior on evacuation has been investigated in the room egress scenario. Additionally, the evading and overtaking behavior of fast pedestrians have also been simulated in heterogeneous crowds. The performance of the proposed model was compared to the experimental data and the results obtained using other evacuation models. Numerical results showed that both the phase change of alternative lane formation in bidirectional pedestrian flow and the effective evading behavior in unidirectional pedestrian flow were conductive to reduce the evacuation time of pedestrian crowds. Even though pushing behavior of fast pedestrians seemed to improve the flow through the wide exit, it might lead to the panic and other negative effect on the crowds, such as crowds trample. The proposed model in this paper could provide a theoretical basis for the pedestrian crowd management during emergency evacuation.

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