scholarly journals Genetic Damage Induced by a Food Coloring Dye (Sunset Yellow) on Meristematic Cells ofBrassica campestrisL.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshama Dwivedi ◽  
Girjesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sunset Yellow ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
Partial Genome

We have performed the present piece of work to evaluate the effect of synthetic food coloring azo dye (sunset yellow) on actively dividing root tip cells ofBrassica campestrisL. Three doses of azo dye were administered for the treatment of actively dividing root tip cells, namely, 1%, 3%, and 5%, for 6-hour duration along with control. Mitotic analysis clearly revealed the azo dye induced endpoint deviation like reduction in the frequency of normal divisions in a dose dependent manner. Mitotic divisions in the control sets were found to be perfectly normal while dose based reduction in MI was registered in the treated sets. Azo dye has induced several chromosomal aberrations (genotoxic effect) at various stages of cell cycle such as stickiness of chromosomes, micronuclei formation, precocious migration of chromosome, unorientation, forward movement of chromosome, laggards, and chromatin bridge. Among all, stickiness of chromosomes was present in the highest frequency followed by partial genome elimination as micronuclei. The present study suggests that extensive use of synthetic dye should be forbidden due to genotoxic and cytotoxic impacts on living cells. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess potential hazardous effects of these dyes on other test systems like human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Quercetin against Dimethoate-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Allium sativum Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Ahmad ◽  
Sibhghatulla Shaikh ◽  
Nazia Nazam ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal Lone
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The present investigation was directed to study the possible protective activity of quercetin—a natural antioxidant against dimethoate-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in meristematic cells of Allium sativum. So far there is no report on the biological properties of quercetin in plant test systems. Chromosome breaks, multipolar anaphase, stick chromosome, and mitotic activity were undertaken in the current study as markers of cyto- and genotoxicity. Untreated control, quercetin controls (@ 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL for 3 h), and dimethoate exposed groups (@ 100 and 200 μg/mL for 3 h) were maintained. For protection against cytogenotoxicity, the root tip cells treated with dimethoate at 100 and 200 μg/mL for 3 h and quercetin treatment at 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL for 16 h, prior to dimethoate treatment, were undertaken. Quercetin was found to be neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic in Allium sativum control at these doses. A significant increase P<0.05 in chromosomal aberrations was noted in dimethoate treated Allium. Pretreatment of Allium sativum with quercetin significantly P<0.05 reduced dimethoate-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in meristematic cells, and these effects were dose dependent. In conclusion, quercetin has a protective role in the abatement of dimethoate-induced cyto- and genotoxicity in the meristematic cells of Allium sativum that resides, at least in part, on its antioxidant effects.

scholarly journals Beryllium Stress-Induced Modifications in Antioxidant Machinery and Plant Ultrastructure in the Seedlings of Black and Yellow Seeded Oilseed Rape

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skhawat Ali ◽  
Rong Jin ◽  
Rafaqat A. Gill ◽  
Theodore M. Mwamba ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Beryllium (Be) could be a threatening heavy metal pollutant in the agroecosystem that may severely affect the performance of crops. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of Be (0, 100, 200, and 400 μM) on physiological, ultrastructure, and biochemical attributes in hydroponically grown six-day-old seedlings of two cultivars ofBrassica napusL., one tolerant (ZS 758, black seeded) and one sensitive (Zheda 622, yellow seeded). Higher Be concentrations reduced the plant growth, biomass production, chlorophyll contents, and the total soluble protein contents. A significant accumulation of ROS (H2O2, OH−) and MDA contents was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant enzymatic activities including SOD, POD, GR, APX, and GSH (except CAT) were enhanced with the increase in Be concentrations in both cultivars. Relative transcript gene expression of above-mentioned antioxidant enzymes further confirmed the alterations induced by Be as depicted from higher involvement in the least susceptible cultivar ZS 758 as compared to Zheda 622. The electron microscopic study showed that higher level of Be (400 μM) greatly damaged the leaf mesophyll and root tip cells. More damage was observed in cultivar Zheda 622 as compared to ZS 758. The damage in leaf mesophyll cells was highlighted as the disruption in cell wall, immature nucleus, damaged mitochondria, and chloroplast structures. In root tip cells, disruption in Golgi bodies and damage in cell wall were clearly noticed. As a whole, the present study confirmed that more inhibitory effects were recorded in yellow seeded Zheda 622 as compared to black seeded ZS 758 cultivar, which is regarded as more sensitive cultivar.

Sunlight decreased genotoxicity of azadirachtin on root tip cells of Allium cepa and Eucrosia bicolor

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kwankua ◽  
S. Sengsai ◽  
C. Kuleung ◽  
N. Euawong
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Salt Stress-induced Programmed Cell Death in Rice Root Tip Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-You Li ◽  
Ai-Liang Jiang ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

Cytological evidence bearing on the origin of the B genome in polyploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kerby ◽  
J. Kuspira
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
The One ◽  
Genome Donors ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

To help elucidate the origin of the B genome in polyploid wheats, karyotypes of Triticum turgidum, Triticum monoccum, and all six purported B genome donors were compared. The analysis utilized a common cytological procedure that employed the most advanced equipment for the measurement of chromosome lengths at metaphase in root tip cells. A comparison of the karyotypes of T. turgidum and T. monococcum permitted the identification of B genome chromosomes of T. turgidum. These consist of two SAT pairs, one ST pair, three SM pairs, and one M pair of homologues. Comparisons of the chromosomes of the B genome of T. turgidum with the karyotypes of the six putative B genome donors showed that only the karyotype of Aegilops searsii was similar to the one deduced for the donor of the B genome in T. turgidum, suggesting that Ae. searsii is, therefore, the most likely donor of the B genome to the polyploid wheats. Support for this conclusion has been derived from geographic, DNA-hybridization, karyotype, morphological, and protein data reported since 1977. Reasons why the B genome donor has not been unequivocally identified are discussed.Key words: phylogeny, karyotypes, Triticum turgidum, Triticum monococcum, B genome, B genome donors.

scholarly journals Squash Preparations of Living Root-Tip Cells

Nature ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 164 (4178) ◽  
pp. 930-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CHAYEN
Keyword(s):  
Root Tip ◽  
Living Root ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The effect of cytochalasin D on preprophase band organization in root tip cells of Allium

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Eleftheriou ◽  
B.A. Palevitz
Keyword(s):  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Cytochalasin D ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells ◽  
Control Samples

The relationship between microfilaments (Mfs) and microtubules (Mts) in the organization of the preprophase band (PPB) was investigated in Allium root tip cells subjected to treatment with cytochalasin D (CD). Mts and Mfs were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence and various parameters such as PPB width were analyzed quantitatively. In control samples, the PPB first appears as a wide Mt band that progressively narrows to an average width of 4 micrometre in mid-prophase. Randomly oriented Mfs are present throughout the cytoplasm of most interphase control cells. Preprophase and prophase cells, however, contain cortical Mfs arranged parallel to the PPB. The Mfs initially occupy much of the cortex but in most cells they progressively become restricted to an area wider than the PPB. In the presence of CD, the PPB fails to narrow and remains at least two-fold wider than in control cells. PPB width expressed as a percentage of nuclear or cell length also increases compared to controls. Widening is concentration dependent, and the effect of 10 micromolar CD is near maximal only 15 min after application of the drug. This rapid response suggests that a rebroadening of already condensed PPBs takes place. After as little as 15 min in CD, Mfs are replaced by many small specks and rods. Dual localizations of both Mts and Mfs show that prophase cells contain broad PPBs without Mfs. The rapid disorganization of Mfs, by CD, therefore coincides with the rebroadening of PPBs. CD-treated cells in metaphase, anaphase and telophase contain larger actin aggregates at the poles, as previously reported. The results indicate that Mfs play an important role in the narrowing of the PPB, which in turn is essential for determination of the exact position of the plane of division. They also indicate that movement of intact Mts is important in PPB organization.

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