scholarly journals Effects of Fungicides, Time of Application, and Application Method on Control of Sclerotinia Blight in Peanut

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Woodward ◽  
Scott A. Russell ◽  
Michael R. Baring ◽  
John M. Cason ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Field studies were conducted from 2007 to 2010 to evaluate the response of peanut cultivars to different fungicides, application timings, and methods. Overall, fungicides reduced Sclerotinia blight incidence and increased pod yields when applied to susceptible and partially resistant cultivars. Disease suppression was greater when full fungicide rates were applied preventatively; however, yields between fungicide treated plots were similar. Lower levels of disease and higher yields were achieved with the partially resistant cultivar Tamrun OL07 compared to the susceptible cultivars Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL 02. Despite possessing improved resistance Tamrun OL07 responded to all fungicide applications. While similar levels of disease control were achieved with broadcast or banded applications made during the day or at night, the yield response for the different application methods was inconsistent among years. A negative relationship (slope = −73.8;R2=0.73;P<0.01) was observed between final disease incidence ratings and yield data from studies where a fungicide response was observed. These studies suggest that both boscalid and fluazinam are effective at controlling Sclerotinia blight in peanuts. Alternative management strategies such as nighttime and banded applications could allow for lower fungicide rates to be used; however, additional studies are warranted.

Effects of Application Method and Rate on Control of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with Iprodione and Fluazinam1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Two trials with iprodione and three trials with fluazinam were conducted to assess the effects of application method and rate on the control of Sclerotinia blight of peanut with fungicide. In order to concentrate the fungicides near the crown area where the disease causes the most damage, applications were made through a canopy opener with a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 30.5-cm-wide band (canopy opener), and through a single nozzle centered over the row to achieve a 46-cm-wide band (band). Broadcast applications were compared to these methods at rates of 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg/ha on the susceptible cultivar Okrun. Sclerotinia blight was severe, with &gt; 70% disease incidence and &lt; 2000 kg/ha yield for the untreated controls in each trial. Linear reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), but not final disease incidence, with iprodione rate were significant (P &lt; 0.05) for all methods of application. However, the rate of decrease did not differ among application methods. Linear increases in yield with rate of iprodione were greater for canopy opener compared to the band or broadcast applications. Only a 50% reduction in AUDPC and a maximum yield of &lt; 2700 kg/ha was achieved with iprodione using the best method. At the maximum rate of 1.12 kg/ha, fluazinam provided &gt; 75% disease control and &gt; 4000 kg/ha yield for all application methods. Differences in disease control and yield among application methods only occurred at the 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha rates of fluazinam. Reductions in AUDPC with fluazinam rate were quadratic for all application methods, but AUDPC values were less for the canopy opener and band methods at 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha compared to the broadcast methods. The yield response to rate for broadcast applications of fluazinam was linear. However, predicted yield responses to fluazinam rate were quadratic for the band and canopy opener methods and approached the maximum response at 0.84 kg/ha. Targeting fungicide applications using the band and/or canopy opener methods was beneficial for fluazinam at reduced rates. Disease control with iprodione was not adequate regardless of application method.

scholarly journals Evidence of Induced Systemic Resistance Against Botrytis elliptica in Lily

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hung Liu ◽  
Chien-Jui Huang ◽  
Chao-Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Gene Expression Analyses ◽  
Glycine Rich Protein

Lily leaf blight, caused by Botrytis elliptica, is an important fungal disease in Taiwan. In order to identify an effective, nonfungicide method to decrease disease incidence in Lilium formosanum, the efficacy of rhizobacteria eliciting induced systemic resistance (ISR) was examined in this study. Over 300 rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of L. formosanum healthy plants and 63 were identified by the analysis of fatty acid profiles. Disease suppressive ability of 13 strains was demonstrated by soil drench application of bacterial suspensions to the rhizosphere of L. formosanum seedlings. Biocontrol experiments were carried out with Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida strains on L. formosanum and Lilium Oriental hybrid cvs. Acapulco and Star Gazer in greenhouse and field studies. Plants treated with B. cereus strain C1L showed that protection against B. elliptica on L. formosanum could last for at least 10 days and was consistent with high populations of B. cereus on lily roots. Analysis of the expression of LfGRP1 and LsGRP1, encoding glycine-rich protein associated with L. formosanum and cv. Star Gazer, respectively, revealed different responses induced by B. cereus or by the pathogen B. elliptica, suggesting that plant defense responses elicited by each follows a different signaling pathway. According to the results of biocontrol assays and LfGRP1/LsGRP1 gene expression analyses with culture filtrates of B. cereus strain C1L, we propose that eliciting factors of ISR are generated by B. cereus and some of them exhibit thermostable and heat-tolerant traits. This is the first report about ISR-eliciting rhizobacteria and factors effective for foliar disease suppression in lily.

scholarly journals Suppression of Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease With Soil Microbial Mechanisms Via Pineapple Rotation and Residue Amendment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinming Yang ◽  
Zongzhuan Shen ◽  
Xiangyu Ren ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yutong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Banana Crop

Abstract Aims The large outbreak of banana Fusarium wilt has become a bottleneck limiting the industry’s development, and crop rotation is a cost-effective and essential measure to overcome the obstacles of banana crop monoculture. The present work was carried out to explore the mechanisms of how changes in physicochemical properties and the reestablishment of soil microorganisms in high-incidence soils are affected by crop rotation and plant residue. Methods In this study, pineapple-banana crop rotation and pineapple residue amendment were used to alleviate banana Fusarium wilt, and their effects on bacterial and fungal communities were studied using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Results Both pineapple-banana rotation and residue addition significantly reduced disease incidence. Moreover, pineapple rotation and residue amendment altered the bacterial and fungal community composition. The taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi significantly increased against disease suppression and nutrition competition. The relative abundances of the Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Elaphocordyceps, Penicillium, and Talaromyces genera were higher, and the number of Fusarium was significantly lower in rotational soil than in banana monoculture soil. Finally, linear models (LM) was used to show that the Burkholderia and Talaromyces in crop rotation, and Aspergillus in residue amendment have significant negative relationship to disease incidence, which plays a key role in Fusarium reduction. Conclusions To consider the economic benefits and protect the vitality of the soil, this study suggested that pineapple-banana rotation and pineapple residue amendment both could be considered for the sustainable management of banana wilt.

Interactive Effects of Soil pH, Halosulfuron Rate, and Application Method on Carryover to Turnip Green and Cabbage

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Timothy L. Grey ◽  
David Kissel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Turnip Green

Field studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate the tolerance of autumn-planted cabbage and turnip green to halosulfuron applied the previous spring to cantaloupe. Main plots were three levels of soil pH: maintained at a natural pH level, pH raised with Ca(OH)2, and pH lowered with Al2(SO4)3. Subplots were a factorial arrangement of two halosulfuron application methods and three halosulfuron rates. Halosulfuron application methods were PPI or POST after transplanting to the edges of mulch-covered seedbeds. Halosulfuron rates were 35 and 70 g ai/ha, along with a nontreated control. Cantaloupe were transplanted, maintained weed-free, and evaluated for yield response. After cantaloupe harvest, direct-seeded turnip green and transplanted cabbage were established in September of each year and evaluated for crop tolerance and yield. Data indicated nonsignificant main effects of soil pH and halosulfuron application method on cantaloupe yield. However, in 2007 cantaloupe yields were significantly reduced, by 16 and 20% for halosulfuron applied at 35 and 70 g/ha, respectively. For all turnip green and cabbage response parameters, interactions were nonsignificant between application method and rate, soil pH and rate, and soil pH and application method, along with the three-way interaction. After 6 mo, there was no evidence of stunting from halosulfuron carryover in 2006 to direct-seeded turnip green and in both years to transplanted cabbage. Visual estimates of stunting to direct-seeded turnip green ranged from 9 to 16% for halosulfuron at 35 and 70 g/ha, respectively, in 2007, but all stunting was transient and turnip green yield was not affected.

Disease and Yield Responses to Fungicides Among Peanut Cultivars Differing in Reaction to Sclerotinia Blight1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Damicone ◽  
K. E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Yield Responses

Abstract Peanut cultivars with different disease reactions to Sclerotinia blight received a variable number of applications of iprodione at 1.12 kg/ha or fluazinam at 0.56 kg/ha to determine the most efficient management program. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) cultivar x treatment interactions occurred for each fungicide. In two trials with iprodione, two applications reduced disease incidence for the susceptible cultivar Okrun from 62 to 27% as compared to the control, and increased yield from 2034 to 2581 kg/ha. Three applications did not improve disease control or increase yield as compared to two applications. Iprodione did not affect disease incidence or yields of the moderately resistant cultivar Spanco (9%, 2475 kg/ha) or the resistant cultivar Tamspan 90 (3%, 2903 kg/ha). In three other trials, fluazinam reduced disease incidence in one or more trials and increased yields across trials for all cultivars. Two applications provided the best disease control for Okrun as disease incidence was reduced from 77 to 22%. However, the increase in yield for one (1034 kg/ha) and two (1415 kg/ha) applications did not differ. Reductions in disease incidence with fluazinam varied for Spanco and Tamspan 90, and the yield increase was less than for Okrun. Two applications for Spanco reduced disease incidence from 17 to 7% and increased yield from 2900 to 3484 kg/ha. One application to Tamspan 90 reduced disease incidence from 10 to 5% and increased yield from 3348 to 3891 kg/ha. Tamspan 90 had the highest yield in all trials regardless of fungicide treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Soil Insecticides Alone and In Combination With PCNB for Suppression of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks ◽  
J. A. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Soil Insecticides

Abstract The soil insecticides, chlorpyrifos 15G (2.2 kg a.i./ha), ethoprop 15G (3.3 kg a.i./ha), and fonofos (2.2 kg a.i./ha) were compared with pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) 10G (11.2 kg a.i./ha) and PCNB (11.2 kg a.i./ha) + insecticide combinations for suppression of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii on peanut in a series of field trials in 1985, 1986, and 1987 in southeastern Alabama. Stem rot loci counts were reduced each year by chlorpyrifos and two of three years of ethoprop, and fonofos compared to the non-treated control. Disease suppression with chlorpyrifos and ethoprop was similar all three years and two of three years with fonofos to that with the fungicide PCNB. Significant differences (P = 0.05) in yield were noted only in 1986 between each of the soil insecticides and the non-treated control. PCNB and PCNB + insecticide combinations with the exception of PCNB + ethoprop in 1985 significantly increased yields over the non-treated control each year. PCNB + insecticide combinations generally provided better disease suppression and/or yield response than each insecticide but not PCNB applied alone. When data were pooled for all 3 years, all treatments significantly reduced disease incidence and significantly increased yield except fonofos and ethoprop.

Assessment of Six Peanut Cultivars for Control of Rhizoctonia Pod Rot When Sprayed with Azoxystrobin or Tebuconazole1

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Besler ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
K. D. Brewer ◽  
M. R. Baring
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Significant Disease

Abstract Field studies were established in 1996 and 1997 in Atascosa Co. in south Texas to evaluate the response of six peanut cultivars to Rhizoctonia pod rot when sprayed with the fungicides azoxystrobin and tebuconazole. Compared to unsprayed plots, significant disease reduction occurred when cultivars were sprayed with either fungicide. Disease reductions were similar with both fungicides. Tamrun 96 displayed the lowest disease incidence both years with and without a fungicide application. Yields were significantly enhanced both years when either azoxystrobin or tebuconazole was applied to all six cultivars. Tamrun 96 was the highest yielding cultivar in 1996 when sprayed with azoxystrobin and in 1997 when sprayed with tebuconazole. Both fungicides improved grade (%TSMK) when compared to the unsprayed checks.

Response of Peanut Cultivars to Full and Reduced Spray Programs of Tebuconazole for Control of Southern Stem Rot1

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Besler ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
O. D. Smith ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Eleven commercially grown peanut cultivars were evaluated for disease and yield response to two and four applications of tebuconazole under moderate disease pressure (&lt; 12 hits/12.2 m) by southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii). The incidence of southern stem rot was reduced in all cultivars when treated with two and four sprays of tebuconazole. Tamrun 96 and Southwest Runner had the lowest disease incidence. Cultivars responded with higher yields when sprayed with two and four applications of tebuconazole compared to the unsprayed plots. Peanut grade (SMK + SS) was not affected by tebuconazole. Georgia Runner and Tamrun 96 produced the highest grade while Southwest Runner was the lowest.

scholarly journals Components of a Rice-Oilseed Rape Production System Augmented with Trichoderma sp. Tri-1 Control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Oilseed Rape

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1325-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojia Hu ◽  
Daniel P. Roberts ◽  
Lihua Xie ◽  
Jude E. Maul ◽  
Changbing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Production System ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes serious yield losses on many crops throughout the world. A multicomponent treatment that consisted of the residual rice straw remaining after rice harvest and Trichoderma sp. Tri-1 (Tri-1) formulated with the oilseed rape seedcake fertilizer was used in field soil infested with S. sclerotiorum. This treatment resulted in oilseed rape seed yield that was significantly greater than the nontreated control or when the fungicide carbendizem was used in the presence of this pathogen in field trials. Yield data suggested that the rice straw, oilseed rape seedcake, and Tri-1 components of this treatment all contributed incrementally. Similar treatment results were obtained regarding reduction in disease incidence. Slight improvements in yield and disease incidence were detected when this multicomponent treatment was combined with a fungicide spray. Inhibition of sclerotial germination by this multicomponent treatment trended greater than the nontreated control at 90, 120, and 150 days in field studies but was not significantly different from this control. This multicomponent treatment resulted in increased yield relative to the nontreated control in the absence of pathogen in a greenhouse pot study, while the straw alone and the straw plus oilseed rape seedcake treatments did not; suggesting that Tri-1 was capable of promoting growth. Experiments reported here indicate that a treatment containing components of a rice-oilseed rape production system augmented with Tri-1 can control S. sclerotiorum on oilseed rape, be used in integrated strategies containing fungicide sprays for control of this pathogen, and promote plant growth.

scholarly journals Development of fungal-mediated soil suppressiveness against Fusarium wilt disease via plant residue manipulation

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfu Yuan ◽  
Shan Hong ◽  
Wu Xiong ◽  
Waseem Raza ◽  
Zongzhuan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Vitro Assay

Abstract Background The development of suppressive soils is a promising strategy to protect plants against soil-borne diseases in a sustainable and viable manner. The use of crop rotation and the incorporation of plant residues into the soil are known to alleviate the stress imposed by soil pathogens through dynamics changes in soil biological and physicochemical properties. However, relatively little is known about the extent to which specific soil amendments of plant residues trigger the development of plant-protective microbiomes. Here, we investigated how the incorporation of pineapple residues in soils highly infested with the banana Fusarium wilt disease alleviates the pathogen pressure via changes in soil microbiomes. Results The addition of above- and below-ground pineapple residues in highly infested soils significantly reduced the number of pathogens in the soil, thus resulting in a lower disease incidence. The development of suppressive soils was mostly related to trackable changes in specific fungal taxa affiliated with Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani, both of which displayed inhibitory effects against the pathogen. These antagonistic effects were further validated using an in vitro assay in which the pathogen control was related to growth inhibition via directly secreted antimicrobial substances and indirect interspecific competition for nutrients. The disease suppressive potential of these fungal strains was later validated using microbial inoculation in a well-controlled pot experiment. Conclusions These results mechanistically demonstrated how the incorporation of specific plant residues into the soil induces trackable changes in the soil microbiome with direct implications for disease suppression. The incorporation of pineapple residues in the soil alleviated the pathogen pressure by increasing the relative abundance of antagonistic fungal taxa causing a negative effect on pathogen growth and disease incidence. Taken together, this study provides a successful example of how specific agricultural management strategies can be used to manipulate the soil microbiome towards the development of suppressive soils against economically important soil-borne diseases.

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