scholarly journals Case Study on Risk Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Exposure from Antibacterial Sprays Containing Silver Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Jin Kwon Kim ◽  
Gun Ho Lee ◽  
Kangho Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Cellulose Esters ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Mixed Cellulose Esters

This study evaluated the risk of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) exposure from antibacterial sprays containing AgNPs. Using an exposure simulation chamber as the setting for the experiment, various instruments, including a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), condensation particle counter (CPC), dust monitor, and mixed cellulose esters (MCE) filters, are connected to the chamber to measure the exposure levels of AgNPs when using the sprays. To assess potential risks to consumers, margin of exposure (MOE) approach was used to assess risk in which a calculated MOE was compared with a target MOE. When evaluating the risk of antibacterial sprays to inhalation exposure using the MOE, spraying a whole can and spraying an air conditioner both resulted in a high-risk concern level with a MOE ranging from 59 to 146 that was much lower than the no-risk concern level of 1000, while some spray showed a MOE 2049 with no-risk concern level. The dermal exposure levels with a single layer of clothing were estimated at 2–50 μg/kg/day with a MOE ranging from 20,000 to 500,000. Therefore, the current results showed the possibility of high-risk inhalation exposure to AgNPs released when using antibacterial sprays.

scholarly journals THE SYNTHESES OF α, β-UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC-ACETIC MIXED CELLULOSE ESTERS AND THEIR UTILIZATIONS

1968 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Kei Matsuzaki ◽  
Nakamura Shigeo ◽  
Goh Chiwai ◽  
Toru Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Esters ◽  
Mixed Cellulose Esters

scholarly journals In vivo Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles after 90-day Silver Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sik Kim ◽  
Jae Hyuck Sung ◽  
Jun Ho Ji ◽  
Kyung Seuk Song ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Inhalation Exposure

scholarly journals Effects of reformed fuel on dual-fuel combustion particulate morphology

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741987978
Author(s):  
Flavio Dal Forno Chuahy ◽  
Tyler Strickland ◽  
Nicholas Ryan Walker ◽  
Sage L Kokjohn
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Dual Fuel Combustion ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Advancements in catalytic reforming have demonstrated the ability to generate syngas (a mixture of CO and hydrogen) from a single hydrocarbon stream. This syngas mixture can then be used to replace diesel fuel and enable dual-fuel combustion strategies. The role of port-fuel injected syngas, composed of equal parts hydrogen and carbon monoxide by volume, was investigated experimentally for soot reduction benefits under diesel pilot ignition and reactivity controlled compression ignition strategies. Particle size distribution measurements were made with a scanning mobility particle sizer and condensation particle counter for different levels of syngas substitution. To explain the experimental results, computational fluid dynamics simulations utilizing a detailed stochastic soot model were used to validate and initialize additional simulations that isolate mixing and chemistry effects. Based on these simulations, the influence of adding syngas on soot particle size and quantity is discussed.

Laboratory Measurements of the Size Distribution and Activation Ratio of Synthetic Ice Nuclei

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Delene ◽  
Eli Peske ◽  
Mascha Rauscher ◽  
Werner Lubitz
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Aerosol Generator ◽  
Condensation Nucleation ◽  
Activation Ratio ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Measured Size Distribution

<p>Laboratory measurement of the particle size distribution and cloud condensation nucleation activation ratio are conducted using two types of synthetic ice nuclei (IN). New Engineered Organic Nuclei (NEON) are fabricated by fermentation and so-called E-lysis of Gram-negative bacteria, which are havested via centrifugation and resuspended in a NaHCO<sub>3</sub> buffer (pH of ~7.8) for final inactivation of lysis escape muntants. NEON is inactivated using 1.25 % (final concentration) glutaraldehyde (GA) and stored in a deep freezer. The NEON with GA solution is atomized using a Sparging Liquid Aerosol Generator (SLAG), which does not sheer or impact the aerosols. The measured size distribution is compared to aerosols produced by the TSI Atmomizer (Model 3076), which impacts generated droplets. The size distribution is measured using a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer (SMPS) and a TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. A DMT Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter (CCNC) operated at 0.6 % supersaturation and a TSI Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) is used to measure the activation ratio, which is important to determine effectiveness of the NEON as an immersion ice nuclei. The NEON results are compared to IN produced by burning silver iodine cloud seeding flares.</p>

Thermodynamic properties of solutions of water-soluble mixed cellulose esters

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Myagkova ◽  
G. R. Rakhmonberdiev ◽  
Z. G. Sagdieva ◽  
A. S. Sidikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cellulose Esters ◽  
Mixed Cellulose Esters

scholarly journals Investigation of Airborne Molecular Contamination in Cleanroom Air Environment through Portable Soft X-Ray Radiolysis Detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhyuk Kim ◽  
Kyungil Cho ◽  
David Y. H. Pui
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Condensation Particle Counter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Particle

Airborne molecular contamination (AMC) represents a wide range of gaseous contaminants in the cleanroom air environment. It is difficult to monitor AMC in the cleanroom air using conventional methods in real-time due to its ultra-low concentrations, such as part-per-billion or -trillion (ppb or ppt). In this study, AMC in the real university cleanroom air environment was investigated to figure out hot spots through portable soft X-ray radiolysis detector, which converts gaseous AMC into nanoparticles (gas-to-particle conversion) under the soft X-ray irradiation. A soft X-ray was connected to a clean stainless steel chamber to convert the introduced AMC into nanoparticles, and the size distributions of nanoparticles were measured through a scanning mobility particle sizer, which consists of a differential mobility analyzer and a condensation particle counter. By converting the size distribution information into total particle volume concentrations, equivalent AMC concentrations can be calculated using an appropriate calibration curve between AMC and the total particle volume concentration. The volume concentration of nanoparticles were converted into an equivalent sulfur dioxide (SO2, a major acidic AMC in the cleanroom air) concentration by a calibration curve between SO2 and the particle volume concentrations. AMC levels at different locations in the cleanroom at the University of Minnesota were measured by the soft X-ray-assisted AMC detector, and revealed that several tenth-order of pptV (lower than 15 pptV) in terms of the equivalent SO2 concentration existed in the cleanroom air environment.

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