scholarly journals Anatomical Study of the Ulnar Nerve Variations at High Humeral Level and Their Possible Clinical and Diagnostic Implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Guru ◽  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Swamy Ravindra Shanthakumar ◽  
Jyothsna Patil ◽  
Satheesha Nayak Badagabettu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Careful Observation

Background. Descriptive evaluation of nerve variations plays a pivotal role in the usefulness of clinical or surgical practice, as an anatomical variation often sets a risk of nerve palsy syndrome. Ulnar nerve (UN) is one amongst the major nerves involved in neuropathy. In the present anatomical study, variations related to ulnar nerve have been identified and its potential clinical implications discussed. Materials and Method. We examined 50 upper limb dissected specimens for possible ulnar nerve variations. Careful observation for any aberrant formation and/or communication in relation to UN has been carried out. Results. Four out of 50 limbs (8%) presented with variations related to ulnar nerve. Amongst them, in two cases abnormal communication with neighboring nerve was identified and variation in the formation of UN was noted in remaining two limbs. Conclusion. An unusual relation of UN with its neighboring nerves, thus muscles, and its aberrant formation might jeopardize the normal sensori-motor behavior. Knowledge about anatomical variations of the UN is therefore important for the clinicians in understanding the severity of ulnar nerve neuropathy related complications.

COMPREHENSIVE ANATOMICAL STUDY OF VARIATIONS IN LINGUAL AND FACIAL ARTERIES IN ADULT CADAVERS FOR SURGICAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Ramitha Enakshi Kumar. S ◽  
P. Vahini
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Objective: The objective of this study is to comprehensively put forth the anatomical variations in the origin and course of lingual and facial arteries found in adult cadavers. Methods: Ten human cadavers were dissected and studied for variations from the norm regarding facial and lingual arteries . Results: 80% of the cadavers displayed classical origin and course of the arteries. There was a deviation from normal regarding origin of the arteries in 20% of the cadavers. Meanwhile, abnormality in the course amounted to 10%. Conclusion: In 20% of cadavers, there were variations in origin of facial and lingual arteries , meanwhile, changes in the course of the stated arteries is 10%. These variations prove to be of signicance to surgeons to prevent mishaps and hospital acquired infections, while performing carotid endarterectomy, intra-arterial catheterizations, plastic surgery of the face and resection of malignant tumours.

scholarly journals Flexor Pollicis Brevis Muscle. Anatomical Study and Clinical Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1321-1329
Author(s):  
Edie Benedito Caetano ◽  
Yuri da Cunha Nakamichi ◽  
Renato Alves de Andrade ◽  
Maico Minoru Sawada ◽  
Mauricio Tadeu Nakasone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Deep Branch ◽  
Catholic University

Introduction: This paper reports anatomical study of nature, incidence, innervation and clinical implications of Flexor Pollicis Brevis muscle (FPB). Material and Methods: The anatomical dissection of 60 limbs from 30 cadavers were performed in the Department of Anatomy of Medical School of Catholic University of São Paulo. Results: The superficial head of FPB has been innervated by the median nerve in 70% and in 30% it had double innervation. The deep head of FPB were absent in 14%, in 65%, occurred a double innervation. In 17.5% by deep branch of ulnar nerve and in 3.6% by recurrent branch of median nerve. Conclusion: The pattern of innervation more frequent in relationship to the flexor pollicis brevis muscle and should be considered as a normal pattern is that superficial head receives innervation of branches of median nerve and the deep head receives innervation of ulnar and median nerve.

Clinical Examination of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Anatomical Study and Description of a Novel Clinical Sign

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lonne ◽  
David S. Sparks ◽  
Carl Stephan ◽  
Michael Wagels ◽  
Anthony Berger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Extensor Pollicis Longus ◽  
Extensor Pollicis Brevis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB) is an extrinsic thumb muscle whose main function is extension of the first metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ). It is subject to significant anatomical variation and may be absent, vestigial or have an anomalous distal attachment. Clinical examination of EPB is notoriously difficult and no reliable test has yet been described. We propose a novel test for the accurate examination of EPB. We sought to clarify the anatomical variations of EPB and to validate our clinical test using human cadaveric anatomical tests. Methods: A structured literature review of all human cadaveric anatomical studies describing the attachments of EPB was performed using MEDLINE and Embase with the key words “Extensor Pollicis Brevis”. A cadaveric anatomical study was performed using 18 unembalmed upper limbs. Positive and negative tests were simulated by manipulating the tendons of EPB, Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL) and Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL). Changes in tendon tension and joint position were measured and recorded. The EPB anatomy was then determined by dissection. Results: Anatomical variations were present in the majority of wrists, with only 35% of EPB tendons having a distal attachment to the proximal phalanx alone. EPB was absent in 5% of specimens. There was a significant difference between the change in MCPJ position between a positive (36 degrees; 95% CI 25 to 47 degrees) and negative (19 degrees; 95% CI 14 to 25 degrees) clinical test (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The functional importance of EPB depends on its congenital architecture in addition to the functional demands of the patient. We report a novel clinical test which is effective in demonstrating the integrity of the EPB. A positive test result is observed when a change in MCPJ position that occurs while the interphalangeal joint is brought into flexion from full thumb extension is 25 degrees or more.

scholarly journals Topographic anatomical study of the sciatic nerve relationship to the posterior portal in hip arthroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berliet Assad Gomes ◽  
Max Rogério Freitas Ramos ◽  
Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli ◽  
Camila Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Stênio Karlos Alvim Fiorelli
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Type A ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Type B ◽  
Surgical Access

Objective: To evaluate the anatomic topographic relation between the sciatic nerve in relation to the piriform muscle and the posterior portal for the establishment of hip arthroscopy.Methods: We dissected 40 hips of 20 corpses of adult Brazilians, 17 male and three female, six black, six brown and eight white. We studied the anatomical relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriform muscle with their variations and the distance between the lateral edge of the sciatic nerve and the posterior portal used in hip arthroscopy. We then classified the anatomical alterations found in the path of the sciatic nerve on the piriform muscle.Results: Seventeen corpses had bilateral relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriform muscle, i.e., type A. We found the following anatomical variations: 12.5% of variant type B; and an average distance between the sciatic nerve and the portal for arthroscopy of 2.98cm. One body had type B anatomical variation on the left hip and type A on the right.Conclusion: the making of the posterior arthroscopic portal to the hip joint must be done with careful marking of the trochanter massive; should there be difficult to find it, a small surgical access is recommended. The access point to the portal should not exceed two centimeters towards the posterior superior aspect of the greater trochanter, and must be made with the limb in internal rotation of 15 degrees.

Deep lymphatic anatomy of the upper limb: An anatomical study and clinical implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Xiang Ma ◽  
Wei-Ren Pan ◽  
Zhi-An Liu ◽  
Fan-Qiang Zeng ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Clinical Implications

Ulnar Nerve Palsy Following Fractures of the Distal Radius: Clinical and Anatomical Studies

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. CLARKE ◽  
R. F. SPENCER
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Open Injury ◽  
Ulnar Nerve Palsy ◽  
Scar Tissue Formation

We report three cases of progressive ulnar nerve palsy following fractures of the distal radius. One was an open injury and one involved dorsal displacement of the nerve through a dislocated distal radio-ulnar joint. All were associated with dense scar tissue formation around the nerve. Early surgical decompression was successful in all cases. An anatomical study indicated that the relative immunity of the nerve to injury in this region may be due to its greater excursion and mobility compared with the median nerve.

scholarly journals Transmuscular Course of the Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve and its Clinical Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Sherry Sharma ◽  
Tripta Sharma ◽  
Sunil Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Variations of nerve are not only of anatomic and embryological interest but also of clinical importance. Their adequate knowledge will help in increasing surgical precision and decreasing morbidity. Anatomical variations in the formation of the sural nerve are common, although the topographical localization of this nerve is constant. In this report, we describe a case of an anomalous course of the medial sural cutaneous nerve which descended through the gastrocnemius via a tunnel formed within the muscle. Such anatomical variation of the sural nerve is clinically important when evaluating sensory axonal loss in distal axonal neuropathies since sural nerve mononeuropathy is less likely to occur.

scholarly journals Ulnar Nerve Neuropathy Caused by Anconeous epitrochlearis Muscle: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Homero Bianchi ◽  
Nicolás Ottone
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
Affected Area

The anatomy applied to health sciences, and especially to surgical practice, in any of its branches, is fundamental for a correct approach to the affected area and a better resolution of the pathology. We present in this case report the case of a patient, a professional writer, with weakness in his right hand due to the subsequent discovery of anconeous epitrochlearis muscle. The case study describes the anatomical variation found and its subsequent resolution, stressing the need to keep in mind a possible morphological variation, to achieve an adequate clinical diagnosis and subsequent surgical correction.

scholarly journals Vascularization of the uncus – Anatomical study and clinical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rassier Isolan ◽  
Antônio Carlos Huf Marrone ◽  
Luiz Carlos Porcellos Marrone ◽  
Marco Antonio Stefani ◽  
Jaderson Costa da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Anterior Choroidal ◽  
Choroidal Artery

Background: The objective of this paper was to describe the arterial supply of the uncus and quantify the branches directed to the anteromedial aspect of the human temporal cortex. Methods: We studied 150 human cerebral hemispheres identifying main afferent arteries supplying the anteromedial temporal cortex with particular attention to the uncus, determining the territory supplied by each artery through either cortical or perforating branches. Results: The uncus was supplied by 419 branches of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA), 210 branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA), 353 branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and 122 branches of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The total of supplying vessels was 1104 among the 150 hemispheres studied, which corresponds to 7.36 arteries per uncus. The average of branches per hemisphere was as follows: 2.79 from AChA, 1.40 from ICA, 2.35 from MCA, and 0.81 from PCA. The relative contribution of each artery for the total of specimens studied was as follows: 38% from AChA, 19% from ICA, 32% from the MCA, and 11% from the PCA. We identified cortical anastomoses mostly between the MCA and PCA (27 cases). Conclusion: We described and quantified the uncus’ vascularization, including anatomical variations. This updated, detailed description of the mesial temporal vascularization is paramount to improve the treatment of neurosurgical conditions.

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