scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function, Brain Structure, and Driving Safety in Senior Daily Drivers: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Nozawa ◽  
Yasuyuki Taki ◽  
Akitake Kanno ◽  
Yoritaka Akimoto ◽  
Mizuki Ihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Crossword Puzzle ◽  
Group V ◽  
Different Types

Background. Increasing proportion of the elderly in the driving population raises the importance of assuring their safety. We explored the effects of three different types of cognitive training on the cognitive function, brain structure, and driving safety of the elderly.Methods. Thirty-seven healthy elderly daily drivers were randomly assigned to one of three training groups: Group V trained in a vehicle with a newly developed onboard cognitive training program, Group P trained with a similar program but on a personal computer, and Group C trained to solve a crossword puzzle. Before and after the 8-week training period, they underwent neuropsychological tests, structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, and driving safety tests.Results. For cognitive function, only Group V showed significant improvements in processing speed and working memory. For driving safety, Group V showed significant improvements both in the driving aptitude test and in the on-road evaluations. Group P showed no significant improvements in either test, and Group C showed significant improvements in the driving aptitude but not in the on-road evaluations.Conclusion. The results support the effectiveness of the onboard training program in enhancing the elderly’s abilities to drive safely and the potential advantages of a multimodal training approach.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of home-based cognitive training program on a cognitive level, the activity of daily living among elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment in selected community settings of Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5301-5309
Author(s):  
Govindakumari R ◽  
Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy ◽  
Vijay Raghvan
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Brain

Aging is a physiological process that leads to both biological and psychological changes. The brain undergoes structural changes as a part of aging. According to the investigator's best knowledge and based on the extensive review, no structured study was conducted in India to test the effectiveness of cognitive training program. Hence, the present study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a home-based training program on select outcomes. A total of 314 elderly participants were recruited for the study after obtaining the written informed consent. After recruiting, the participants were randomly grouped into two groups, that is control and intervention groups, with 157 participants in each group. The intervention was administered to the experimental group. The present study results suggest that the home-based cognitive training program is effective in improving cognitive functions and daily life activities. The study recommends further detailed and multi-centered studies in this area to recommend the implementation of the program in the management of the cognitive impairments of the elderly.

scholarly journals A Dialogue-Based System with Photo and Storytelling for Older Adults: Toward Daily Cognitive Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiki Tokunaga ◽  
Kazuhiro Tamura ◽  
Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Design Method ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Assistive Robots ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
At Home

As the elderly population grows worldwide, living a healthy and full life as an older adult is becoming a topic of great interest. One key factor and severe challenge to maintaining quality of life in older adults is cognitive decline. Assistive robots for helping older adults have been proposed to solve issues such as social isolation and dependent living. Only a few studies have reported the positive effects of dialogue robots on cognitive function but conversation is being discussed as a promising intervention that includes various cognitive tasks. Existing dialogue robot-related studies have reported on placing dialogue robots in elderly homes and allowing them to interact with residents. However, it is difficult to reproduce these experiments since the participants’ characteristics influence experimental conditions, especially at home. Besides, most dialogue systems are not designed to set experimental conditions without on-site support. This study proposes a novel design method that uses a dialogue-based robot system for cognitive training at home. We define challenges and requirements to meet them to realize cognitive function training through daily communication. Those requirements are designed to satisfy detailed conditions such as duration of dialogue, frequency, and starting time without on-site support. Our system displays photos and gives original stories to provide contexts for dialogue that help the robot maintain a conversation for each story. Then the system schedules dialogue sessions along with the participant’s plan. The robot moderates the user to ask a question and then responds to the question by changing its facial expression. This question-answering procedure continued for a specific duration (4 min). To verify our design method’s effectiveness and implementation, we conducted three user studies by recruiting 35 elderly participants. We performed prototype-, laboratory-, and home-based experiments. Through these experiments, we evaluated current datasets, user experience, and feasibility for home use. We report on and discuss the older adults’ attitudes toward the robot and the number of turns during dialogues. We also classify the types of utterances and identify user needs. Herein, we outline the findings of this study, outlining the system’s essential characteristics to experiment toward daily cognitive training and explain further feature requests.

scholarly journals Cognitive Training in the Elderly: Bottlenecks and New Avenues

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1473-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Zokaei ◽  
Christopher MacKellar ◽  
Giedrė Čepukaitytė ◽  
Eva Zita Patai ◽  
Anna Christina Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Computer Based

Development of measures to preserve cognitive function or even reverse cognitive decline in the ever-growing elderly population is the focus of many research and commercial efforts. One such measure gaining in popularity is the development of computer-based interventions that “exercise” cognitive functions. Computer-based cognitive training has the potential to be specific and flexible, accommodates feedback, and is highly accessible. As in most budding fields, there are still considerable inconsistencies across methodologies and results, as well as a lack of consensus on a comprehensive assessment protocol. We propose that the success of training-based therapeutics will rely on targeting specific cognitive functions, informed by comprehensive and sensitive batteries that can provide a “fingerprint” of an individual's abilities. Instead of expecting a panacea from training regimens, focused and personalized training interventions that accommodate individual differences should be developed to redress specific patterns of deficits in cognitive rehabilitation, both in healthy aging and in disease.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXERCISE PROGRAMS ON ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE OF THE ELDERLY

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Ivana Petrović ◽  
Marjan Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Exercise Training Program ◽  
Different Types

The value of arterial blood pressure is variable. It depends on the time of the day, external and internal factors such as genetics and lifestyle. Moderate and regular physical activity, as well as weight reduction, can affect the reduction of high arterial blood pressure (ABP). The influence of physical activity on the health of the elderly is not well researched. The objective of this systematic review study is to collect and analyze studies of the effects of different types of exercise programs on arterial blood pressure of the elderly. Based on an analysis of electronic databases and the inclusion criteria set, 21 studies were included in the analysis. Performing only one exercise training program with the elderly leads to a fall of systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 7 to 30 mm Hg and of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from 3 to 17 mm Hg, whereas a long term training program reduces SBP for 17 and DBP for 7mm Hg. The combination of aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) with the elderly gives the best results in reducing ABP, increasing arterial elasticity, thus reducing the chance of getting a cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Physical activity and cognition in the elderly: A review

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Leopold Busse ◽  
Gislaine Gil ◽  
José Maria Santarém ◽  
Wilson Jacob Filho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Control

Abstract Physical activity has been indicated as a strategy to promote health in the elderly, as well as to encourage the maintenance of functional capacity, and acts in the prevention and control of various diseases. In recent years, there has been great interest in studying the benefits of physical activity in the preservation or even improvement of cognitive performance in both the elderly without cognitive impairment and in elderly patients with some degree of cognitive impairment or dementia. The majority of epidemiological studies and clinical trials have evaluated aerobic exercises while few have assessed resistance exercise programs. The objective of this review was to examine the effects of different types of physical activity on cognitive function of elderly individuals with or without prior impairment.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Effects of Cognitive Walking Program on Improving Cognitive Function and Physical Fitness in Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Suh-Jung Kang ◽  
Byung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Hyo Lee ◽  
Jinsung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Fitness Measures

Exercise and cognitive training can improve the brain-related health of the elderly. We investigated the effects of a cognitive walking program (CWP) involving simultaneous performance of indoor walking and cognitive training on cognitive function and physical fitness compared to normal walking (NW) outdoors. Participants were grouped according to whether they performed regular exercise for at least 3 months prior to the participation in this study. Active participants were assigned to the CWP-active group (CWPAG). Sedentary participants were randomly assigned to the CWP (CWPSG) or NW group (NWSG). CWP and NW were performed for 60 min, 3 times a week, for 6 months. Cognitive function (attention, visuospatial function, memory, and frontal/executive function) and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, lower extremity muscular strength, and active balance ability) were measured at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after the program onset. Cognitive function showed improvements over time in all three groups, especially in CWPAG. No clear difference was observed between CWPSG and NWSG. Improvements in all fitness measures were also observed in all three groups. These findings collectively indicate the beneficial effects of CWP, as well as NW, on improving cognitive function and physical fitness in older adults, especially those who are physically active.

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