scholarly journals Reversed Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation following Motor Training That Vary as a Function of Training-Induced Changes in Corticospinal Excitability

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Stöckel ◽  
Jeffery J. Summers ◽  
Mark R. Hinder
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Theta Burst

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has the potential to enhance corticospinal excitability (CSE) and subsequent motor learning. However, the effects of iTBS following motor learning are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of iTBS on CSE and performance following motor learning. Therefore twenty-four healthy participants practiced a ballistic motor task for a total of 150 movements. iTBS was subsequently applied to the trained motor cortex (STIM group) or the vertex (SHAM group). Performance and CSE were assessed before motor learning and before and after iTBS. Training significantly increased performance and CSE in both groups. In STIM group participants, subsequent iTBS significantly reduced motor performance with smaller reductions in CSE. CSE changes as a result of motor learning were negatively correlated with both the CSE changes and performance changes as a result of iTBS. No significant effects of iTBS were found for SHAM group participants. We conclude that iTBS has the potential to degrade prior motor learning as a function of training-induced CSE changes. That means the expected LTP-like effects of iTBS are reversed following motor learning.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Use of Cerebellar Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) in a Sardinian Family Affected by Spinocerebellar Ataxia 38 (SCA 38)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Sanna ◽  
Paolo Follesa ◽  
Paolo Tacconi ◽  
Mariangela Serra ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Pisu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Serum Bdnf

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia 38 (SCA 38) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by conventional mutations in the ELOVL5 gene which encodes an enzyme involved in the synthesis of very long fatty acids, with a specific expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Three Italian families carrying the mutation, one of which is of Sardinian descent, have been identified and characterized. One session of cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) was applied to 6 affected members of the Sardinian family to probe motor cortex excitability measured by motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Afterwards, patients were exposed to ten sessions of cerebellar real and sham iTBS in a cross-over study and clinical symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment by Modified International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (MICARS). Moreover, serum BDNF levels were evaluated before and after real and sham cerebellar iTBS and the role of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in influencing iTBS effect was explored. Present data show that one session of cerebellar iTBS was able to increase MEPs in all tested patients, suggesting an enhancement of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway in SCA 38. MICARS scores were reduced after ten sessions of real cerebellar iTBS showing an improvement in clinical symptoms. Finally, although serum BDNF levels were not affected by cerebellar iTBS when considering all samples, segregating for genotype a difference was found between Val66Val and Val66Met carriers. These preliminary data suggest a potential therapeutic use of cerebellar iTBS in improving motor symptoms of SCA38.

scholarly journals Effects of a single session of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation primed intermittent theta-burst stimulation on heart rate variability and cortical excitability measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
B. N. Keerthy ◽  
Sai Sreevalli Sarma Sreepada ◽  
Shalini S. Naik ◽  
Anushree Bose ◽  
Raju Hanumegowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theta Burst

Objectives: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been used as neuromodulators in neuropsychiatric conditions. This study is aimed to find the effects of a single session of priming cathodal tDCS with intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on heart rate variability (HRV) and cortical excitability parameters before and after perturbation. Materials and Methods: The neuromodulatory techniques used in the study were Cathodal tDCS for 20 min followed by iTBS for 3 min on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). HRV variables and TMS parameters were recorded before and after this intervention of combined neuromodulation in 31 healthy volunteers (20 males and 11 females; age range of 19–35 years with Mean ± SD = 24.2 ± 4.7 years). Results: The results showed an overall increase in cortical excitability and parasympathetic dominance in healthy volunteers. Other measures of cortical excitability and HRV did not change significantly following single session of combined neuromodulation. Conclusion: This study showed that there is an overall increase in cortical excitability and parasympathetic dominance in the cohort of healthy volunteers following a combination of neuromodulation involving cathodal tDCS followed by iTBS over left DLPFC. Future studies exploring the effects of other possible combinations with sham stimulation could be carried out to explore the utility of dual stimulation as add-on therapy in disorders.

scholarly journals Modulatory effects of prefrontal theta burst stimulation on motor task-related brain activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Gann ◽  
Marco Davare ◽  
Bradley King ◽  
Nina Dolfen ◽  
Dante Mantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Theta Burst

scholarly journals Plasticity Induced by Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Bilateral Motor Cortices Is Not Altered in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daina S. E. Dickins ◽  
Martin V. Sale ◽  
Marc R. Kamke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theta Burst

Numerous studies have reported that plasticity induced in the motor cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is attenuated in older adults. Those investigations, however, have focused solely on the stimulated hemisphere. Compared to young adults, older adults exhibit more widespread activity across bilateral motor cortices during the performance of unilateral motor tasks, suggesting that the manifestation of plasticity might also be altered. To address this question, twenty young (<35 years old) and older adults (>65 years) underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) whilst attending to the hand targeted by the plasticity-inducing procedure. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single pulse TMS was used to quantify cortical excitability before and after iTBS. Individual responses to iTBS were highly variable, with half the participants showing an unexpected decrease in cortical excitability. Contrary to predictions, however, there were no age-related differences in the magnitude or manifestation of plasticity across bilateral motor cortices. The findings suggest that advancing age does not influence the capacity for, or manifestation of, plasticity induced by iTBS.

The facilitatory effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation on corticospinal excitability are enhanced by nicotine

2009 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando B.C. Swayne ◽  
James T.H. Teo ◽  
Richard J. Greenwood ◽  
John C. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Theta Burst

scholarly journals Sham-derived effects and the minimal reliability of theta burst stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Boucher ◽  
R. A. Ozdemir ◽  
D. Momi ◽  
M. J. Burke ◽  
A. Jannati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Repeat Visit ◽  
Theta Burst

AbstractTheta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a patterned form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) that has been used to induce long-term modulation (plasticity) of corticospinal excitability in a drastically shorter duration protocol than conventional rTMS protocols. In this study we tested the reliability of the effects of two well defined TBS protocols, continuous TBS (cTBS) and intermittent TBS (iTBS), especially in relation to sham TBS, within and across the same 24 participants. All TBS protocols were repeated after approximately 1 month to assess the magnitude and reliability of the modulatory effects of each TBS protocol. Baseline and post-TBS changes in motor evoked potentials (MEP—measure of corticospinal excitability) amplitudes were compared across the cTBS, iTBS and sham TBS protocols and between the initial and retest visits. Overall, across participants, at the initial visit, iTBS facilitated MEPs as compared to baseline excitability, with sham eliciting the same effect. cTBS did not show a significant suppression of excitability compared to baseline MEPs at either visit, and even facilitated MEPs above baseline excitability at a single time point during the repeat visit. Otherwise, effects of TBS were generally diminished in the repeat visit, with iTBS and sham TBS replicating facilitation of MEPs above baseline excitability at similar time points. However, no protocol demonstrated consistent intra-individual modulation of corticospinal excitability upon retest. As the first study to test both iTBS and cTBS against sham TBS across repeat visits, our findings challenge the efficacy and reliability of TBS protocols and emphasize the importance of accounting for sham effects of TBS. Furthermore, given that therapeutic effects of TBS are hypothetically derived from consistent and repeated modulation of brain activity, the non-replicability of plasticity and sham effects call into question these basic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Double-Sine-Wave Quadri-Pulse Theta Burst Stimulation of Precentral Motor Hand Representation Induces Bidirectional Changes in Corticomotor Excitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai H. Jung ◽  
Bernhard Gleich ◽  
Norbert Gattinger ◽  
Anke Kalb ◽  
Julia Fritsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Current Direction ◽  
Induced Current ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Theta Burst

Neuronal plasticity is considered to be the neurophysiological correlate of learning and memory and changes in corticospinal excitability play a key role in the normal development of the central nervous system as well as in developmental disorders. In a previous study, it was shown that quadri-pulse theta burst stimulation (qTBS) can induce bidirectional changes in corticospinal excitability (1). There, a quadruple burst consisted of four single-sine-wave (SSW) pulses with a duration of 160 μs and inter-pulse intervals of 1.5 ms to match I-wave periodicity (666 Hz). In the present study, the pulse shape was modified applying double-sine-waves (DSW) rather than SSW pulses, while keeping the pulse duration at 160 μs. In two separate sessions, we reversed the current direction of the DSW pulse, so that its second component elicited either a mainly posterior-to-anterior (DSW PA-qTBS) or anterior-to-posterior (DSW AP-qTBS) directed current in the precentral gyrus. The after-effects of DSW qTBS on corticospinal excitability were examined in healthy individuals (n = 10) with single SSW TMS pulses. For single-pulse SSW TMS, the second component produced the same preferential current direction as DSW qTBS but had a suprathreshold intensity, thus eliciting motor evoked potentials (PA-MEP or AP-MEP). Single-pulse SSW TMS revealed bidirectional changes in corticospinal excitability after DSW qTBS, which depended on the preferentially induced current direction. DSW PA-qTBS at 666 Hz caused a stable increase in PA-MEP, whereas AP-qTBS at 666 Hz induced a transient decrease in AP-MEP. The sign of excitability following DSW qTBS at I-wave periodicity was opposite to the bidirectional changes after SSW qTBS. The results show that the pulse configuration and induced current direction determine the plasticity-effects of ultra-high frequency SSW and DSW qTBS at I-wave periodicity. These findings may offer new opportunities for short non-invasive brain stimulation protocols that are especially suited for stimulation in children and patients with neurological or neurodevelopmental disorders.

Cerebellar Theta-Burst Stimulation Combined With Physiotherapy in Subacute and Chronic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Ling-Yi Liao ◽  
Yun-Juan Xie ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sham Group ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Theta Burst

Background Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has been suggested to improve poststroke rehabilitation. The cerebellum is considered crucial for motor control. However, the effects of cerebellar iTBS with routine physical therapy on balance and motor recovery in subacute and chronic stroke patients have not been explored. Objective To measure the short-term effects of cerebellar iTBS with physiotherapy on the balance and functional outcomes in subacute and chronic stroke patients with hemiparesis. Methods Thirty hemiparetic patients were recruited for this randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial, and randomized into either the treatment or sham group. Both groups participated in physiotherapy 5 times per week for 2 weeks, and cerebellar iTBS or sham iTBS was performed daily, immediately before physiotherapy. The primary outcome was the Berg balance scale (BBS) score. Secondary outcomes included the trunk impairment scale (TIS) score, Fugl-Meyer assessment scale score for lower extremities (FMA-LE), Barthel index (BI), and corticospinal excitability, as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation. The outcomes were measured before and 1 week and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results Compared with those at baseline, significant increases were identified in all clinical scores (BBS, TIS, FMA-LE, and BI) in both groups after the 2-week intervention. The BBS and TIS scores improved more in the iTBS group than in the sham group. Conclusions Cerebellar iTBS with physiotherapy promotes balance and motor recovery in poststroke patients. Therefore, this method can be used in low-cost, fast, and efficient protocols for stroke rehabilitation (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900026450).

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