scholarly journals Models of Workplace Incivility: The Relationships to Instigated Incivility and Negative Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Holm ◽  
Eva Torkelson ◽  
Martin Bäckström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Sleeping Problems

The aim of the study was to investigate workplace incivility as a social process, examining its components and relationships to both instigated incivility and negative outcomes in the form of well-being, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and sleeping problems. The different components of incivility that were examined were experienced and witnessed incivility from coworkers as well as supervisors. In addition, the organizational factors, social support, control, and job demands, were included in the models. A total of 2871 (2058 women and 813 men) employees who were connected to the Swedish Hotel and Restaurant Workers Union completed an online questionnaire. Overall, the results from structural equation modelling indicate that whereas instigated incivility to a large extent was explained by witnessing coworker incivility, negative outcomes were to a high degree explained by experienced supervisor incivility via mediation through perceived low social support, low control, and high job demands. Unexpectedly, the relationships between incivility (experienced coworker and supervisor incivility, as well as witnessed supervisor incivility) and instigated incivility were moderated by perceived high control and high social support. The results highlight the importance of including different components of workplace incivility and organizational factors in future studies of the area.

scholarly journals Job demands, job control, and social support as predictors of job satisfaction and burnout in Croatian palliative care nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Ivana Tucak Junaković ◽  
Ivana Macuka
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Support At Work

Abstract The Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) model has seldom been tested in palliative care settings, and occupational well-being of palliative care professionals has never before been investigated in Croatia. Our aim was therefore to fill that gap by testing the JDCS model among Croatian nurses providing palliative care. More specifically, we wanted to see how job demands, job control, and social support at work affect occupational well-being outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction and burnout dimensions of exhaustion and disengagement from work) in terms of the model’s iso-strain and buffer hypotheses. This cross-sectional study included 68 nurses working in various palliative care institutions across Croatia, who answered our online questionnaire. Overall, the nurses did not report high levels of burnout or low job satisfaction. The only significant effect was that of job control on job satisfaction (β=0.38; P<0.01) and disengagement (β=-0.45; P<0.01), while job demands and social support at work had a significant interaction effect on the burnout dimension of exhaustion (β=0.39; P<0.01) in the sense that high social support at work buffered the increase in exhaustion associated with high job demands. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing perceived job control and social support at the workplace could improve occupational well-being of nurses working in palliative care.

Psychological Flexibility as a Moderator of the Relationships between Job Demands and Resources and Occupational Well-being

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pinto Novaes ◽  
Maria Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Valentini
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Work Overload ◽  
Negative Affects

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the relations of job demands (work overload) and job resources (social support and autonomy) with subjective job well-being (job satisfaction, positive affects, negative affects), as well as the moderating role of personal resources (psychological flexibility at work) in such relationships. The sample consisted of 4,867 Brazilian workers, of both sexes, with ages ranging from 18 to 67 years. Structural equation modelling showed that the work overload was negatively associated with job satisfaction (β = –.06; p < .001) and positively with negative affects (β = .24; p < .001); autonomy was positively associated with satisfaction (β = .08; p < .001) and negative affects (β = .08; p < .001); social support was positively associated with satisfaction (β = .17; p < .001) and positive affects (β = .20; p < .001), and negatively with negative affects (β = –.21; p < .001); psychological flexibility moderated the relationships of overload with satisfaction (β = .04; p < .05) and negative affects (β = .08; p < .001); autonomy with positive affects (β = –.06; p < .001) and social support with negative affects (β = .08; p < .001). These results are discussed from perspective of a job demands-resources theory, especially with respect to the relevance of personal resources for the promotion of occupational well-being.

scholarly journals The Effects of Supervisor Work-Family Support on Indigenous Employees: A Study of Job and Health Outcomes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brougham ◽  
Jarrod Haar
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Job Outcomes ◽  
Work Family

Support from work and non-work sources is highly important for employee well-being and job outcomes. However, few studies have explored social support from both domains. Furthermore, workplace studies on indigenous employees are severely under researched. Based on survey data from 260 Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) employees, we conducted analysis using structural equation modeling, to test supervisor work-family support (SWFS) and whānau (extended family) support towards well-being and job outcomes. Overall, findings show that SWFS and whānau support both predict job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion, while SWFS also directly predicts turnover intentions. In turn, job satisfaction significantly predicts all outcomes: our study shows that it mediates the influence of support on outcomes. Findings indicate that support from both work and home (extended family) is likely to be highly beneficial towards the broad range of job outcomes investigated for Māori employees, especially through enhancing job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Outcomes of Witnessed Workplace Incivility: a Three-Wave Full Panel Study Exploring Mediators and Moderators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Holm ◽  
Eva Torkelson ◽  
Martin Bäckström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Embeddedness ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Longitudinal Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe aims of the present study are formulated to test theoretical assumptions of the incivility spiral presented by Andersson and Pearson (1999). The first aim is to investigate possible longitudinal outcomes of witnessed workplace incivility, in the form of instigated incivility and well-being. An additional aim is to explore whether witnessed workplace incivility is indirectly related to instigated incivility or well-being over time, via lower levels of perceived organizational justice. Lastly, we aim to explore if control, social support (from coworkers and supervisors), and job embeddedness moderate the relationship between witnessed and instigated incivility over time. An online questionnaire was distributed to a panel of Swedish engineers at three time points over one year with about six months between waves. Longitudinal data were provided by 341 respondents. Results from longitudinal structural equation panel models showed that witnessed workplace incivility, over time, predicted subsequent higher levels of instigated incivility but not lower levels of well-being. In addition, witnessed incivility predicted lower levels of perceived organizational justice over time but perceived organizational justice did not mediate the relationship between witnessed and instigated incivility or well-being. Finally, the results showed that control, social support from supervisors (but not coworkers), and job embeddedness partly moderated the relationship between witnessed and instigated incivility over time. The relationship between witnessed and instigated incivility between time 1 and time 2 was stronger when levels of control, support and job embeddedness were high. However, job embeddedness was the only robust moderator of the relationship.

Engaging leadership in the job demands-resources model

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar B. Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to integrate leadership into the job demands-resources (JD-R) model. Based on self-determination theory, it was argued that engaging leaders who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers would reduce employee’s levels of burnout and increase their levels of work engagement. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was conducted among a representative sample of the Dutch workforce (n=1,213) and the research model was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – It appeared that leadership only had an indirect effect on burnout and engagement – via job demands and job resources – but not a direct effect. Moreover, leadership also had a direct relationship with organizational outcomes such as employability, performance, and commitment. Research limitations/implications – The study used a cross-sectional design and all variables were based on self-reports. Hence, results should be replicated in a longitudinal study and using more objective measures (e.g. for work performance). Practical implications – Since engaged leaders, who inspire, strengthen, and connect their followers, provide a work context in which employees thrive, organizations are well advised to promote engaging leadership. Social implications – Leadership seems to be a crucial factor which has an indirect impact – via job demands and job resources – on employee well-being. Originality/value – The study demonstrates that engaging leadership can be integrated into the JD-R framework.

Investigation of the Structural Relationships Between Social Support, Self-Compassion, and Subjective Well-Being in Korean Elite Student Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsoo Jeon ◽  
Keunchul Lee ◽  
Sungho Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Level ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined whether self-compassion mediates the relationship between social support and subjective well-being, as perceived by athletes. It also investigated the structural relationships between these variables. Participants were 333 athletes attending high school or university. Structural equation analysis showed that self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between social support and subjective well-being. To test the stability of the model, a multiple group analysis was performed according to sex of participant and school level, and this demonstrated that the model had similar fit to the data regardless of group. The confirmation that self-compassion plays an intermediary role in the relationship between social support and subjective well-being demonstrates that self-compassionate attitudes can be fostered by social support, and that, in turn, has a positive effect on an individual’s subjective well-being.

Work Design in the Contemporary Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Knight ◽  
Sabreen Kaur ◽  
Sharon K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
And Performance

Work design refers to the roles, responsibilities, and work tasks that comprise an individual’s job and how they are structured and organized. Good work design is created by jobs high in characteristics such as autonomy, social support, and feedback, and moderate in job demands such as workload, role ambiguity, and role conflict. Established research shows good work design is associated with work outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work safety, and job performance. Poor work design is characterized by roles that are low in job resources and/or overly high in job demands, and has been linked to poor health and well-being, absenteeism, and poor performance. Work design in the 20th century was characterized by traditional theories focusing on work motivation, well-being, and performance. Motivational and stress theories of work design were later integrated, and work characteristics were expanded to include a whole variety of task, knowledge, social, and work-context characteristics as well as demands, better reflecting contemporary jobs. In the early 21st century, relational theories flourished, focusing on the social and prosocial aspects of work. The role of work design on learning and cognition was also recognized, with benefits for creativity and performance. Work design is affected by many factors, including individual traits, organizational factors, national factors, and global factors. Managers may impact employees’ work design “top-down” by changing policies and procedures, while individuals may change their own work design “bottom-up” through “job crafting.” In the contemporary era, technology and societal factors play an important role in how work is changing. Information and communication technology has enabled remote working and collaboration across time and space, with positive implications for efficiency and flexibility, but potentially also increasing close monitoring and isolation. Automation has led to daily interaction with technologies like robots, algorithms, and artificial intelligence, which can influence autonomy, job complexity, social interaction, and job demands in different ways, ultimately impacting how motivating jobs are. Given the rapidly changing nature of work, it is critical that managers and organizations adopt a human-centered approach to designing work, with managers sensitive to the positive and negative implications of contemporary work on employees’ work design, well-being, and performance. Further research is needed to understand the multitude of multilevel factors influencing work design, how work can be redesigned to optimize technology and worker motivation, and the shorter- and longer-term processes linking work design to under-researched outcomes like identity, cognition, and learning. Overall, the aim is to create high-quality contemporary work in which all individuals can thrive.

Hotel-like hospital rooms’ impact on patient well-being and willingness to pay

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 3006-3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Suess ◽  
Makarand Amrish Mody
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hospital Room ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Supportive Design

Purpose The study aims to examine how features that foster a sense of control, create positive distractions and provide access to social support influence patients’ well-being and, subsequently, their likelihood to choose hotel-like hospital rooms and their willingness to pay higher out-of-pocket expenses for such rooms. While there is increasing evidence to suggest the importance of the provision of hospitality in healthcare settings, research on these developments remains under-represented, particularly in the hospitality literature. In response, the present study builds on Ulrich’s (1991) theory of supportive design to examine patient responses to hotel-like features in a hospital room. Design/methodology/approach Using data from a survey of 406 patients, the authors used structural equation modeling to test the model. Findings Consistent with supportive design principles, the infusion of hotel-like features that foster a sense of control for patients, create positive distractions and provide access to social support was found to positively impact patients’ physical and mental well-being, which, in turn, increased their likelihood to choose a hospital room with hotel-like features and their willingness to pay for such rooms. Practical Implications Findings attest to the need for healthcare providers to make the necessary investment in hotel-like features and to leverage the communicative power of these environmental cues. Social support in the form of hospitality-trained and certified healthcare staff was found to be the most important hotel-like feature, which also presents significant commercial opportunities for hospitality companies and professionals. Originality Value The study represents one of the first attempts to empirically develop a structured model to examine the infusion of hospitality into healthcare. It provides researchers with a theoretically supported framework for future inquiry into the domain. It also makes a significant contribution to advancing the research on patient well-being in healthcare settings and demonstrates the importance of hospitality to such endeavors.

scholarly journals Love Hurts: The Influence of Social Relations on Exercise Self-Efficacy for Older Adults with Osteoarthritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Cotter ◽  
Aurora M. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Strain

Exercise self-efficacy is a powerful predictor of physical activity behavior, which enhances health and well-being for older adults. Social relations have been proposed as influential precursors for exercise self-efficacy. In a longitudinal study of 160 older adults with osteoarthritis (76.9% women), the authors found that social support (but not social strain) significantly predicted exercise self-efficacy in a structural equation model examining cross-sectional data: χ2(178, N = 160) = 264.57, p < .01; RMSEA = .06; CFI = .92; TLI = .90. When data were examined longitudinally, however, social strain (but not social support) significantly predicted lower exercise self-efficacy 1 year later: χ2(233, N = 160) = 288.64, p < .01; RMSEA = .04; CFI = .96; TLI = .95. Results support the negativity effect, suggesting that social strain might be the more potent aspect of social relations and should be the target of interventions.

scholarly journals Social support and subjective well-being among elderly Chinese empty-nester: Self-worth as a Mediator and self-reported health as a Moderator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Su ◽  
Yuqiu Zhou ◽  
Jianqin Cao ◽  
Haina Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Empty Nest ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between social support, self-worth, self-reported health, and subjective well-being among the Chinese rural empty nest elderly, and whether self-worth and self-reported health affect these associations.Methods This cross-sectional study was performed from May 2017 to April 2018, the participants were 365 empty-nest elderly adults from rural areas of Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia. Data were collected with the General information questionnaire, Self-worth questionnaire for adults, Social Support Scale and Memorial University of New Found land Scale of Happiness. Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediation hypothesis. Bootstrapping was performed to confirm the mediation effect. Hayes’s SPSS-PROCESS was used for testing the moderating effects.Results Self-worth showed significant correlations with social support, self-reported health and subjective well-being (all P<0.01).Bootstrapping indicated that the mediating role of self-worth was statistically significant. And self-reported health moderated the social support and subjective well-being association.Conclusions Self-worth and self-reported health are important targets for prevention and intervention for improving the subjective well-being of the rural empty-nest elderly.

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