Plasma Periostin Levels Are Increased in Chinese Subjects with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Are Positively Correlated with Glucose and Lipid Parameters

The purpose of this study is to examine the relations among plasma periostin, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation in Chinese patients with obesity (OB), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Plasma periostin levels in the T2DM group were significantly higher than the NGT group (P<0.01). Patients with both OB and T2DM had the highest periostin levels. Correlation analysis showed that plasma periostin levels were positively correlated with weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postchallenge plasma glucose (2 h PG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TNF-α, and IL-6 (P<0.05or 0.001) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TG, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR were independent related factors in influencing the levels of plasma periostin (P<0.001). These results suggested that Chinese patients with obesity and T2DM had significantly higher plasma periostin levels. Plasma periostin levels were strongly associated with plasma TG, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance.

Download Full-text

Increased Plasma DPP4 Activity Is Predictive of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Onset in Chinese Over a Four-Year Period: Result From the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2014-1480 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (11) ◽

pp. E2330-E2334 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Tianpeng Zheng ◽

Yun Gao ◽

Attit Baskota ◽

Tao Chen ◽

Xingwu Ran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

Context: The significance of associations between prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity in a Chinese population is not clear. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether DPP4 activity and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were predictive of the onset of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Design, Setting, and Patients: This was a 4-year follow-up study conducted in Sichuan, China. A total of 474 Chinese women and men aged 18–70 years were studied. Main Outcome Measures: All subjects were divided into 3 groups (normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes) on the basis of their glucose metabolism status after 4 years. The DPP4 activity, active GLP-1, and glucagon were measured at baseline and 4 years later. Results: The baseline DPP4 activity was significantly higher in subjects who had progressed to prediabetes or type 2 diabetes compared with subjects who remained normoglycemic (P < .01). In a multiple linear regression analysis, baseline DPP4 activity and active GLP-1 were independent predictors of an increase in insulin resistance over a 4-year period (P < .05). Cox proportional hazards models revealed that DPP4 activity independently predicted the risk of developing prediabetes [relative risk 2.77 (95% confidence interval 1.38–5.55), P < .01] and type 2 diabetes [5.10 (95% confidence interval 1.48–17.61), P < .05] after adjustment for confounding risk factors. Conclusions: DPP4 activity is an important predictor of the onset of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes in apparently healthy Chinese individuals. This finding may have important implications for understanding the etiology of diabetes.

Download Full-text

Serum concentrations of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15208/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shakiba Naiemian ◽

Mohsen naeemipour ◽

Mehdi Zarei ◽

Ali Gohari ◽

Mohammad Reza Behroozikhah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factor

Abstract Background: Asprosin, a newly identified adipokine, is pathologically increased in individuals with insulin resistance. However, the available evidence on the association of asprosin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of asprosin and T2DM status . Methods: This observational study was performed based on 194 adults (97 newly diagnosed T2DM and 97 healthy individuals). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined in all participants . Serum concentrations of asprosin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In patients with T2DM, the serum concentrations of asprosin were significantly higher than the healthy controls (4.18 [IQR: 4.4] vs. 3.5 [IQR: 1.85], P< 0.001). The concentrations of asprosin were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in healthy subjects and with BMI, FBG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in the T2DM group. In fully adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM with serum concentrations of asprosin was approximately 1.547 (95% CI 1.293-1.850, P< 0.001) compared to the control group . Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that FBG and HOMA-IR were independently associated with asprosin in T2DM. Conclusion : Our findings indicated that serum concentrations of asprosin are increased in patients with T2DM. Also, asprosin is correlated with insulin resistance and TC/HDL-C ratio (atherosclerotic risk factor of cardiovascular diseases) in patients with T2DM.

Download Full-text

Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-IV Inhibitors, Imigliptin and Alogliptin, Improve Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.694390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xu Liu ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Hongzhong Liu ◽

Haiyan Li ◽

Jianhong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Beta Cell ◽

Beta Cell Function ◽

Cell Function ◽

Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment

ObjectsImigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of imigliptin and alogliptin on insulin resistance and beta-cell function in Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 37 Chinese T2DM patients were randomized to receive 25 mg imigliptin, 50 mg imigliptin, placebo, and 25 mg alogliptin (positive drug) for 13 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted at baseline and on day 13, followed by the oral minimal model (OMM).ResultsImigliptin or alogliptin treatment, compared with their baseline or placebo, was associated with higher beta-cell function parameters (φs and φtot) and lower glucose area under the curve (AUC) and postprandial glucose levels. The changes in the AUC for the glucose appearance rate between 0 and 120 min also showed a decrease in imigliptin or alogliptin groups. However, the insulin resistance parameter, fasting glucose, was not changed. For the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-β and HOMA-IR) parameters or secretory units of islets in transplantation index (SUIT), no statistically significant changes were found both within treatments and between treatments.ConclusionsAfter 13 days of treatment, imigliptin and alogliptin could decrease glycemic levels by improving beta-cell function. By comparing OMM with HOMA or SUIT results, glucose stimulation might be more sensitive for detecting changes in beta-cell function.

Download Full-text

Plasma C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 (CTRP-3) and High-Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB-1) Concentrations in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/9438760 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Huili Wei ◽

Hua Qu ◽

Hang Wang ◽

Huacong Deng

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

High Mobility ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

High Mobility Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Related Protein

Aims. To detect the association of C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) in subjects with prediabetes (pre-DM) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (nT2DM).Methods. 224 eligible participants were included. The 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and several clinical parameters of metabolic disorders and cytokines were measured. All participants were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT,n=62), pre-DM (n=111), and nT2DM group (n=56).Results. Plasma CTRP-3 concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with pre-DM and nT2DM than that of the NGT group, while plasma HMGB-1 levels were higher in pre-DM and nT2DM group compared with the NGT group (P<0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis showed both plasma CTRP-3 and HMGB-1 concentrations were independently associated with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P<0.05for all). Further multiple logistical regression analyses revealed that both plasma CTRP-3 and HMGB-1 levels were significantly associated with pre-DM and nT2DM after adjusting for several confounders (P<0.001for all).Conclusions. Circulating CTRP-3 and HMGB-1 concentrations might be promising biomarkers to predict prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Download Full-text

PPARD rs2016520 (T/C) and NOS1AP rs12742393 (A/C) polymorphisms affect therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BMC Medical Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12920-021-01108-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tao Wang ◽

Jin-Fang Song ◽

Xue-Yan Zhou ◽

Cheng-Lin Li ◽

Xiao-Xing Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment

Abstract Background Genetic polymorphisms in the PPARD and NOS1AP is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there is no evidence about its impact on the therapeutic efficacy of nateglinide. This study was designed to investigate a potential association of PPARD rs2016520 (T/C) and NOS1AP rs12742393 (A/C) polymorphisms with efficacy of nateglinide in newly diagnosed Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Sixty patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were enrolled to identify PPARD rs2016520 and NOS1AP rs12742393 genotypes using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR–RFLP). All subjects were treated with nateglinide (360 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, clinical laboratory tests were obtained at baseline and after 8 weeks of nateglinide treatment. Results After nateglinide treatment for 8 consecutive weeks, patients with at least one C allele of PPARD rs2016520 showed a smaller decrease in post plasma glucose (PPG), homeostasis model assessment for beta cell function (HOMA-B) than those with the TT genotype did (P < 0.05). In patients with the AA genotype of NOS1AP rs12742393, the drug showed better efficacy with respect to levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), HOMA-B and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than in patients with the AC + CC genotype (P < 0.05). NOS1AP rs12742393 genotype distribution and allele frequency were associated with responsiveness of nateglinide treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions The PPARD rs2016520 and NOS1AP rs12742393 polymorphisms were associated with nateglinide monotherapy efficacy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR13003536, date of registration: May 14, 2013.

Download Full-text

θ-Defensin RTD-1 improves insulin action and normalizes plasma glucose and FFA levels in diet-induced obese rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00131.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (2) ◽

pp. E154-E160 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Young Taek Oh ◽

Dat Tran ◽

Thomas A. Buchanan ◽

Michael E. Selsted ◽

Jang H. Youn

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Hepatic Expression ◽

Glucose Clamp Technique ◽

Metabolic Conditions

Inflammation is implicated in metabolic abnormalities in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because θ-defensins have anti-inflammatory activities, we tested whether RTD-1, a θ-defensin, improves metabolic conditions in diet-induced obesity (DIO). DIO was induced by high-fat feeding in obese-prone CD rats from 4 wk of age. Starting at age 10 wk, the DIO rats were treated with saline or RTD-1 for 4 or 8 wk. DIO rats gained more weight than low-fat-fed controls. RTD-1 treatment did not alter body weight or calorie intake in DIO rats. Plasma glucose, FFA, triglyceride (TG), and insulin levels increased in DIO rats; RTD-1 normalized plasma glucose and FFA levels and showed tendencies to lower plasma insulin and TG levels. Hepatic and skeletal muscle TG contents increased in DIO rats; RTD-1 decreased muscle, but not hepatic, TG content. Insulin sensitivity, estimated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and the glucose clamp technique, decreased in DIO rats, but this change was markedly reversed by RTD-1. RTD-1 had no significant effects on plasma cytokine/chemokine levels or IL-1β and TNF-α expression in liver or adipose tissues. RTD-1 treatment decreased hepatic expression of phospho enolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, suggesting that the effect of RTD-1 on plasma glucose (or insulin action) might be mediated by its effect to decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, RTD-1 ameliorated insulin resistance and normalized plasma glucose and FFA levels in DIO rats, supporting the potential of RTD-1 as a novel therapeutic agent for insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes.

Download Full-text

Circulating Follistatin and Activin A and Their Regulation by Insulin in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgaa090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 1343-1354 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lykke Sylow ◽

Birgitte F Vind ◽

Rikke Kruse ◽

Pauline M Møller ◽

Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Activin A ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fasting Plasma

Abstract Background Circulating follistatin (Fst) binds activin A and thereby regulates biological functions such as muscle growth and β-cell survival. However, Fst and activin A’s implication in metabolic regulation is unclear. Objective To investigate circulating Fst and activin A in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and determine their association with metabolic parameters. Further, to examine regulation of Fst and activin A by insulin and the influence of obesity and T2D hereon. Methods Plasma Fst and activin A levels were analyzed in obese T2D patients (N = 10) closely matched to glucose-tolerant lean (N = 12) and obese (N = 10) individuals in the fasted state and following a 4-h hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (40 mU·m–2·min–1) combined with indirect calorimetry. Results Circulating Fst was ~30% higher in patients with T2D compared with both lean and obese nondiabetic individuals (P < .001), while plasma activin A was unaltered. In the total cohort, fasting plasma Fst correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance after adjusting for age, gender and group (all r > 0.47; P < .05). However, in the individual groups these correlations only achieved significance in patients with T2D (not plasma glucose). Acute hyperinsulinemia at euglycemia reduced circulating Fst by ~30% (P < .001) and this response was intact in patients with T2D. Insulin inhibited FST expression in human hepatocytes after 2 h and even further after 48 h. Conclusions Elevated circulating Fst, but not activin A, is strongly associated with measures of insulin resistance in patients with T2D. However, the ability of insulin to suppress circulating Fst is preserved in T2D.

Download Full-text

Serum Osteoprotegerin Is a Potential Biomarker of Insulin Resistance in Chinese Postmenopausal Women with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2017/8724869 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peng Duan ◽

Min Yang ◽

Meilin Wei ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Ping Tu

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Glucose Regulation ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Chinese Postmenopausal Women

The aim of this study is to investigate the circulating OPG levels in postmenopausal women with diabetes and prediabetes and explore the relationships between serum OPG and insulin resistance. A total of 271 unrelated Chinese postmenopausal women were recruited in this study. The subjects were divided into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group (n=93), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) (n=90), and normal glucose regulation group (NGR) (n=88), according to different glucose regulation categories. Serum OPG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum OPG concentration in NGR group, 151.00 ± 45.72 pg/mL, was significantly lower than that in IGR group (169.28 ± 64.91 pg/mL) (p=0.031) and T2DM group (183.20 ± 56.53 pg/mL) (p<0.01), respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, HOMA-IR, age, 2hPG, AST, ALP, and eGFR were found to be independent predictors of OPG. Increased serum OPG levels (OR = 1.009,p=0.006) may be a risk factor for insulin resistance. The present study suggests that OPG might be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and is a potential biomarker of insulin resistance in subjects with diabetes and prediabetes.

Download Full-text

Serum concentration of asprosin in new-onset type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15208/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shakiba Naiemian ◽

Mohsen naeemipour ◽

Mehdi Zarei ◽

Moslem Lari Najafi ◽

Ali Gohari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factor

Abstract Background: Asprosin, a newly identified adipokine, is pathologically increased in individuals with insulin resistance. However, the available evidence on the association of asprosin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of asprosin and T2DM status. Methods: This observational study was performed based on 194 adults (97 newly diagnosed T2DM and 97 healthy individuals). Anthropometric and biochemical variables were determined in all participants. Serum concentrations of asprosin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In patients with T2DM, the serum concentrations of asprosin were significantly higher than the healthy controls (4.18 [IQR: 4.4] vs. 3.5 [IQR: 1.85], P< 0.001). The concentrations of asprosin were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in healthy subjects and with BMI, FBG, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI), triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in the T2DM group. In fully adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of T2DM with serum concentrations of asprosin was approximately 1.547 (95% CI 1.293-1.850, P< 0.001) compared to the control group. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that FBG and HOMA-IR were independently associated with asprosin in T2DM. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that serum concentrations of asprosin are increased in patients with T2DM. Also, asprosin is correlated with insulin resistance and TC/HDL-C ratio (atherosclerotic risk factor of cardiovascular diseases) in patients with T2DM.

Download Full-text

Associations between adipocytokines and severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in well-controlled type 2 diabetes and prediabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27650/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yun-Ru Lai ◽

Wen-Chan Chiu ◽

Ben-Chung Cheng ◽

Jung-Fu Chen ◽

Nai-Wen Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Autonomic Neuropathy ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cardiovascular Risks

Abstract Background It is thought that adipocytokines contribute to autonomic dysfunction and cardiovascular risks in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM, respectively). We aimed to identify adipocytokines that are associated with the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with well-controlled T2DM and prediabetes. Methods The complete cardiovascular autonomic function and biomarkers were assessed for each patient. The severity of CAN was assessed using both the composite autonomic scoring scale (CASS) and the cardiac autonomic reflex tests (CARTs) score. Biomarkers included adipocytokines (leptin, chemerin, adiponectin, and vaspin), oxidative stress (thiols and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance [TBARS]), endothelial dysfunction (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1), and insulin resistance (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] ratio and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] index). Results A total of 107 patients were included in this study: 90 with diabetes and 17 with prediabetes. Stepwise logistic regression showed that diabetes duration and leptin level were independently associated with the presence of CAN. Leptin level was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.588, P < 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.504, P < 0.0001), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (r = 0.351, P = 0.001), hs-CRP (r = 0.291, P = 0.006), TBARS (r = 0.259, P = 0.008), triglyceride/HDL-C ratio (r = 0.346, P < 0.0001), and HOMA-IR index (r = 0.304, P = 0.008) but negatively correlated with thiols (r=-0.25, P = 0.011) level. The leptin level was strongly associated with the CASS (r = 0.36, P < 0.0001) and CARTs (r = 0.356, P < 0.0001) scores. Stepwise linear regression analysis also showed that the leptin level was significantly associated with the CASS and CARTs scores, respectively. Conclusions As the leptin level is considered a prognostic factor in CAN, a longitudinal study is needed to confirm the association between a decrease in obesity and reduced leptin levels and CAN progression.

Download Full-text