scholarly journals The Role of PCR in Diagnosis of a Rare Appendicular Tuberculosis and Mini Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Asmerom Tesfamariam Sengal ◽  
Ahmed Abdalla Mohamedani ◽  
Hanan Hasaan Hussein ◽  
Alaa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
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Polymerase Chain ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Tuberculosis is a prevalent public health problem especially in the poor developing countries and results in significant mortality. Albeit tuberculosis almost always affects any organ or system of the body, abdominal tuberculosis is less frequent; moreover, tuberculous appendicitis is very rare with an incidence estimated at about 0.1–0.6% of all gastrointestinal tuberculosis. The purpose of this report was to present an unusual case of primary tuberculous appendicitis and the approach used for accurate diagnosis as well as a current update on the disease. We are reporting a 30-year-old male who presented with acute abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting and was admitted with the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patient was investigated thoroughly and histopathologic examination was strongly suggestive of tuberculous appendicitis; however, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) was negative in tissue section. To confirm the diagnosis, molecular biology [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] study was performed from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) appendicular tissue and revealed presence ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. As there are numerous differential diagnoses in granulomatous lesions of appendix and due to the fact that appendicular tuberculosis is a rare phenomenon; verification etiologic agent is crucial for appropriate management of the disease.

Chaphamaparvovirus antigen and nucleic acids are not detected in kidney tissues from cats with chronic renal disease or immunocompromised cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110454
Author(s):  
Adam O. Michel ◽  
Taryn A. Donovan ◽  
Ben Roediger ◽  
Quintin Lee ◽  
Christopher J. Jolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Over 40 Years ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in domestic cats, but the cause is still largely elusive. While some viruses have been associated with this disease, none have been definitively implicated as causative. Recently, Rodent chaphamaparvovirus 1 was recognized as the cause of murine inclusion body nephropathy, a disease reported for over 40 years in laboratory mice. A novel virus belonging to the same genus, Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus 2, was recently identified in the feces of cats with diarrhea. The goal of this study was to investigate the possible role of chaphamaparvoviruses including members of Rodent chaphamaparvovirus 1 and Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus 2 in the development of feline CKD. The presence of these viruses was retrospectively investigated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded feline kidney samples using polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Cats were divided into 3 groups: normal ( N = 24), CKD ( N = 26), and immunocompromised ( N = 25). None of the kidney tissues from any of the 75 cats revealed the presence of chaphamaparvovirus DNA, RNA, or antigen. We conclude that viruses belonging to the chaphamaparvovirus genus are unlikely to contribute to the occurrence of feline CKD.

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens–Associated Necrotic Enteritis-Like Disease in Coconut Lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 030098582097178
Author(s):  
Llorenç Grau-Roma ◽  
Mauricio Navarro ◽  
Sohvi Blatter ◽  
Christian Wenker ◽  
Sonja Kittl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Ffpe Tissues ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Beta Toxin ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Several outbreaks of necrotic enteritis-like disease in lorikeets, from which Clostridium perfringens was consistently isolated, are described. All lorikeets had acute, segmental, or multifocal fibrinonecrotizing inflammatory lesions in the small and/or the large intestine, with intralesional gram-positive rods. The gene encoding C. perfringens alpha toxin was detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in 20 out of 24 affected lorikeets (83%), but it was not amplified from samples of any of 10 control lorikeets ( P < .0001). The second most prevalent C. perfringens toxin gene detected was the beta toxin gene, which was found in FFPE from 7 out of 24 affected lorikeets (29%). The other toxin genes were detected inconsistently and in a relatively low number of samples. These cases seem to be associated with C. perfringens, although the specific type involved could not be determined.

Osteopontin Expression According to Molecular Profile of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
J.P. Oliveira da Costa ◽  
S. Britto Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Invasive Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted, calcium-binding phosphorylated glycoprotein involved in several physiological and pathological events such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, wound healing, vascular remodeling, calcification of mineralized tissues, and induction of cell proteases. There is growing interest in the role of OPN in breast cancer. In an attempt to obtain new insight into the pathogenesis of OPN-associated breast carcinomas, an immunohistochemical panel with 17 primary antibodies including cytokeratins and key regulators of the cell cycle was performed in 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of invasive breast carcinomas. OPN was expressed in 65% of tumors and was negatively correlated with estrogen (p=0.0350) and progesterone (p=0.0069) receptors, but not with the other markers and clinicopathological features evaluated including age, menstrual status, pathological grading, tumor size, and metastasis. There was no correlation between OPN expression and carcinomas of the basal-like phenotype (p=0.1615); however, OPN correlated positively with c-erbB-2 status (p=0.0286) and negatively with carcinomas of the luminal subtype (p=0.0353). It is well known that carcinomas overexpressing c-erbB-2 protein have a worse prognosis than luminal tumors. Here, we hypothesize that the differential expression of OPN in the first subtype of carcinomas may contribute to their more aggressive behavior.

Prevalence of low-penetrance KRAS (codons 12/13 and 61) and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14147-e14147
Author(s):  
Federico Rojo ◽  
Trinidad Caldes ◽  
Sandra Zazo ◽  
Miguel de la Hoya ◽  
Cristina Carames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Kras Mutations ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
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Intracellular Signal ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Formalin Fixed

e14147 Background: In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), activating mutations within KRAS, which result in EGFR-independent intracellular signal transduction activation, are found in approximately 35-40% of patients with mCRC have been significantly associated with lack of response to cetuximab or panitumumab therapy. Although current guidelines recommend testing for frequent KRAS codons 12/13 mutations, emerging data indicate that additional KRAS and BRAF mutations are also predictive of non-responsiveness to anti-EGFR antibodies in mCRC. This study is aimed to analyze the prevalence of low-penetrance KRAS and BRAF V600 mutations in caucasian mCRC population. Methods: A two-institution retrospective cohort of 1,238 consecutive KRAS wild type mCRC patients previously studied for 7 mutations in codons 12/13 (G12D, G12A, G12V, G12S, G12R, G12C and G13D) by the CE-IVD marked ARMS-scorpion real-time polymerase chain reaction PCR (Therascreen, Qiagen) was assayed by the diagnostic TaqMelt PCR assay cobas KRAS mutation and cobas BRAF V600 mutation tests (Roche), which are designed to detect 19 mutations in KRAS codons 12, 13 and 61 (including G12F, G13C, G13R, G13S, G13A, G13V, G13I, Q61H, Q61K, Q61R, Q61L, Q61E and Q61P) and BRAF V600 (V600E, V600K and V600D) mutations. An additional cohort of 146 KRAS mutated patients by ARMS-scorpion PCR was studied. DNA was obtained by cobas DNA preparation kit from one single 5µm formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section. Results: In all samples, sufficient DNA was obtained for KRAS and BRAF mutational studies. Among 1238 KRAS codons 12/13 wild-type patients by ARMS-scorpion PCR,166 (13.4%) showed KRAS mutations, 117 (9.5%) in codons 12/13, and 49 (4%) in codon 61. BRAF V600 mutations were detected in 9% cases. In ARMS-scorpion PCR KRAS mutated patients, mutations were confirmed by cobas in all cases. Conclusions: The cobas mutation tests are robust and reproducible assays that, 1) detects a higher incidence (13.4%) of mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 of the KRAS gene in wild-type mCRC population, 2) a relevant rate of BRAF mutations is present in the same population, and 3) requires a very small amount of tissue.

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