scholarly journals A Review on Properties, Opportunities, and Challenges of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiq ◽  
Yuzhen Lv ◽  
Chengrong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Dielectric Medium ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Market Place ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Transformer Oils ◽  
Insulating Liquid ◽  
Economic Considerations

The mineral oil or synthetic oil in conjunction with paper is mainly being applied as dielectric medium in many of the high voltage apparatus. However, the advent of high voltage levels such high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) has prompted researchers to direct their focus onto an insulation system which can bear the rising high voltage levels. The modern insulating liquid material development is guided by various factors such as high electrical insulation requirements and other safety and economic considerations. Therefore transformer manufacturer companies have to design transformers with these new specific requirements. The transformer oil-based nanofluids with improved dielectric and thermal properties have the potential to replace mineral oil base products in the market place. They are favorable because they function more superior than mineral oil and they contribute definite insulating and thermal gains. This paper reviews recent status of nanofluids use as transformer oils. The nanofluids used as transformer oils are presented and their advantages are described in comparison with mineral oil. The multiple experimental works carried out by different researchers are described, providing an overview of the current research conducted on nanofluids. In addition scope and challenges being confronted in this area of research are clearly presented.

scholarly journals Study of Breakdown Voltage of Vegetables oil with SiO2 Nanoparticle Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bin Yahya ◽  
Fatin Amirah Binti Amirrazli
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Partial Discharges ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insulating Liquid ◽  
Positive Results

<p>This paper investigates the suitability of vegetable oils to replace mineral oil based on its AC breakdown voltage, partial discharge and viscosity. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of the nanofluids containing SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle in vegetables oils; namely, Coconut oil and Palm oil. A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanoparticles. However, the precise effects on the electrical properties is still uncertain. For decades, transformers use petroleum-based mineral oil because of its good dielectric properties and cooling capability. Coconut oil (CO) and Palm oil (PO) are thought to be   suitable alternatives to replace mineral oil as transformer oil as they are sustainable and available in plenty as natural resources.  It was obtained in this study that the breakdown voltages of these raw oils have fulfilled the standard specifications of good insulating liquid. However, the addition of SiO<sub>2</sub> did not improve the AC breakdown voltage and viscosity of coconut oil and palm oil at different temperatures. However, the addition of SiO<sub>2</sub> gave positive results in the values of partial discharges in which the presence of the nanoparticles has greatly reduced the mean volume of partial discharges for both coconut oil and palm oil.</p>

PD Characteristics in Transformer Oil under AC Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Ji Chong Liang ◽  
Tian Zheng Wang ◽  
Kang Ning Wang ◽  
Jun Hao Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Pulse Burst ◽  
Transformer Oils ◽  
Pattern Display ◽  
Insulation Condition

Partial discharge (PD) detection is a technique widely used for high voltage equipment insulation condition assessment. The metal protrusion is a situation that often appear in transformer. Metal protrusion will cause the electric field concentration and lead to partial discharge. In this paper, PD characteristics in transformer oils are examined under AC conditions, using a needle-to-plane electrode system. The PD activity in transformer oil is confirmed as appearing in pulse burst form and the PD number and amplitude will increase with the applied voltage increase. The PRPD pattern display behavior typical of corona PD in oil.

Enhanced Dielectric Performance of Nano Boron Nitride Impregnated Cellulosic Insulations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Taha ◽  
T. N. Narayanan ◽  
P. M. Ajayan ◽  
Jose E. Contreras ◽  
Josue Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Dielectric Media ◽  
Dielectric Performance ◽  
Power Transmission Systems

The application of nanodielectric materials in high voltage power transmission systems has received particular attention. This investigation shows a comparison of the AC dielectric behavior of insulating paper impregnated with conventional mineral oil and dielectric nanofluids. The AC breakdown voltages of various systems were measured according to ASTM D149 to determine the effect of using nanofluids as dielectric media. The observed results indicate that addition of insulating nanoparticles to conventional transformer oil exhibits substantially higher AC breakdown voltage than that of pure mineral oil impregnated paper.

scholarly journals Study on Breakdown Voltage for Vegetable Oils With Additive TiO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bin Yahya ◽  
Raja Muhammad Khidir Raja Chik
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Before And After

High voltage power transformers commonly used petroleum-based mineral oil for cooling and insulation purposes. Researchers are looking for suitable vegetable oils as alternatives to mineral oil to be used as transformer oil. The alternative vegetable oils are biodegradable, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. They may require some processing and modification to improve some of their properties to ascertain their safe use in power and distribution transformers as well as in high voltage equipment. This paper presents a study on the AC breakdown voltages of Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) with presence of an additive. PO and CO are chosen as they are locally produced oils in Malaysia and easily obtained. The type of additive used in this study is Titanium dioxide TiO<sub>2</sub>. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles was added into PO and CO at volume concentration of 0.1% to 0.5%. The effect of different gap distance of electrode 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3.5mm was studied. The temperature of oil is controlled at 30<sup>o</sup>C. This paper provides a comparative assessment of breakdown properties through experimental investigation of PO and CO before and after the additive is added according to ASTM D1816 standard. From the experimental result, the PO have slightly higher breakdown voltage compared to CO. From all oil sample data recorded, it can be concluded that the breakdown voltage had increased to the increase in gap distance of electrode under presence of TiO<sub>2</sub>.

scholarly journals Application of a simple method for determining the equilibrium resistivity of dielectric luiquids

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schiessling ◽  
Nils Lavesson ◽  
Lars Walfridsson
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Response ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Electric Stress ◽  
Current Converter ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

<p>For the design of the electrical insulation of an UHVDC (Ultra High Voltage Direct Current) converter transformer the resistivity of the pressboard and mineral oil has to be known. For solid insulation the resistivity is virtually constant, however, in liquids it is dependent on, e.g., applied electric stress and time of electrification. Several methods are discussed in the standards. One way to characterize the oil is the measurement of the equilibrium resistivity, in contrast to an apparent resistivity for oil under high electric stress. Measurements using a low voltage triangular shaped voltage form allow calculation of equilibrium resistivity. The oils investigated show equilibrium resistivity in the range 5E11 Ohm·m to 5.96E12 Ohm·m, which are typical values for transformer oil. There is good agreement between these results and  reference measurements using dielectric response</p>

scholarly journals Optical Chemo-Sensors for Specific Markers in Transformer Insulating Oil Exploiting Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Plasmonic Optical Fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Letizia De Maria ◽  
Francesco Arcadio ◽  
Maria Pesavento ◽  
Antonella Profumo ◽  
Nunzio Cennamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Insulating Oil ◽  
Insulating Liquid ◽  
Paper Insulation ◽  
By Products

2-FAL (2-furaldehyde) and furanic derivatives are the main by-products of the thermal degradation of cellulose paper insulation of power transformers’ windings. The detection of these compounds in the insulating oil of transformers is essential to investigate the ageing of the oil-paper system in order to avoid failures. To this aim, a non-conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform in plastic optical fiber (POF) was proposed for the monitoring of a biomimetic receptor specific to detect 2-FAL in transformer oil. In particular, the investigation was performed in mineral oil, which is currently the main insulating liquid for power transformers. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) receptor was used, giving the sensor device a noticeable selectivity and many advantages with respect to the biological counterparts. Furthermore, the study was extended to safer and more environmentally acceptable insulating fluids representing an alternative to mineral oil (i.e., esters). To this aim, the principle and limitations of the SPR chemo-sensor performances have been discussed in this work.

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