scholarly journals Perspectives of Biogas Conversion into Bio-CNG for Automobile Fuel in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Shah ◽  
P. K. Halder ◽  
A. S. M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
M. S. Hossain ◽  
S. K. Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Conventional Fuel

The need for liquid and gaseous fuel for transportation application is growing very fast. This high consumption trend causes swift exhaustion of fossil fuel reserve as well as severe environment pollution. Biogas can be converted into various renewable automobile fuels such as bio-CNG, syngas, gasoline, and liquefied biogas. However, bio-CNG, a compressed biogas with high methane content, can be a promising candidate as vehicle fuel in replacement of conventional fuel to resolve this problem. This paper presents an overview of available liquid and gaseous fuel commonly used as transportation fuel in Bangladesh. The paper also illustrates the potential of bio-CNG conversion from biogas in Bangladesh. It is estimated that, in the fiscal year 2012-2013, the country had about 7.6775 billion m3 biogas potential equivalent to 5.088 billion m3 of bio-CNG. Bio-CNG is competitive to the conventional automobile fuels in terms of its properties, economy, and emission.

scholarly journals The potential of forest-derived bioenergy to contribute to China's future energy and transportation fuel requirements

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (05) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Sergios Karatzos ◽  
Jack Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Energy Dependent

Increasing concerns of oil security, greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainability have encouraged nations to consider the contribution that agriculture/forestry for bioenergy (and biofuels in particular) could make as alternatives to current fossil-based energy and transportation fuels. Despite China's large population and geographical size, it has only relatively recently developed into a highly industrialized and energy-dependent economy. Coal is, and will remain, China's dominant energy source. However, over the last few years with China's growing middle class, increasing growth in production and sale of cars/trucks and a growing chemical based sector, oil and its derivatives are predicted to experience the fastest fossil fuel growth. China's ability to produce so-called “first-generation” or conventional biofuels from sugar, starch or vegetable oil based plants is very restricted because of “food vs. fuel” issues. Thus, biomass-based and forest-based biofuels, in particular, can form a medium-to-long-term solution that could contribute to China's national biofuels targets. Oilseed trees have been suggested as an initial forest-based biodiesel strategy with about 13 million ha of marginal land identified for possible plantation. It is also estimated that 17 million tonnes of cellulosic ethanol per annum could be derived from forest biomass that is currently available in China.

scholarly journals Solar Power in the Island Nation, Mauritius

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Dhirajsing Rughoo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
A Priori ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Tropical Islands ◽  
High Cloud ◽  
Cloud Coverage

The challenges to integrating a greater share of renewable energy, more specifically solar energy into the power grid in tropical islands are that these islands have a complex microclimate, high humidity and high cloud coverage. Because of this, the power output from solar photovoltaic (SPV) plants is severely affected. In this manuscript, the results of a study carried out on the performance of a 15.2 MW solar photovoltaic (SPV) plant in the island nation Mauritius is presented. The net annual yield was 22 162 MWh and has avoided 22 162 metric t of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. An attempt is also made to develop a model to forecast the power that can be generated from the SPV plants at that location. The grid operator, the national Central Electricity Board (CEB) needs to know a priori, the energy mix for the subsequent few days so that the level of operation of fossil fuel fired thermal plants can be tuned accordingly to minimize the environment pollution of this pristine island.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Electricity as Road Transportation Fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Siniša Vilke ◽  
Frane Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Road-based electricity increasingly is being considered as an alternative fuel of the future that would replace or reduce dependence on oil and its derivatives, resulting in a reduction at the negative impact on the environment. More and more countries are introducing stricter measures on greenhouse gas emissions, while increasing incentives to buy EVs. This paper looks at the environmental impact of electricity in road transport in ecological, economic, and social terms, highlighting the greater need for more energy efficient EVs than conventional vehicles. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the application of electricity concerning fossil fuel in road transport, i.e., to describe the impact of EVs on the environment regarding conventional vehicles. Analysis of the use of the EV or the development of electrical infrastructure that is improving and introduced at high speed has shown that only countries with a high standard can monitor trends of EV. Therefore, despite all the advantages of EVs, the strategies and measures adopted by the EU, the implementation of electricity as road transportation fuel does not have a significant echo in countries with a lower standard, at least until the reach and prices of EVs are closer to conventional ones.

scholarly journals Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using phytoremediation

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00061
Author(s):  
Georgiana Luiza Arnold Tatu ◽  
Nicolae Valentin Vladut ◽  
Iulian Voicea ◽  
Nicoleta Alexandra Vanghele ◽  
Mirabela Augustina Pruteanu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Consumption Waste

Environment pollution with heavy metals, can be a cause of the industrialization activities and technological processes, and has become an important issue. Soil contamination due to natural or anthropogenic causes (such as mining, smelting, warfare and military training, electronic industries, fossil fuel consumption, waste disposal, agrochemical use and irrigation) is a major environmental hazard. Various remediation techniques have been highlighted to clean or restore soils contaminated with heavy metals such physical, chemical or biological. Phytoremediation is a relatively new approach to removing contaminants from the environmental. It may be defined as the use of plants to remove, destroy or sequester hazardous substances from environmental. This paper is a review of removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using phytoremediation.

Crystallization of barium hexaferrite

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
Chung-kook Lee ◽  
Yolande Berta ◽  
Robert F. Speyer
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Magnetic Recording Media ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
High Density Magnetic Recording ◽  
Temperature Heat Treatment

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) is a promising candidate for high density magnetic recording media due to its superior magnetic properties. For particulate recording media, nano-sized single crystalline powders with a narrow size distribution are a primary application requirement. The glass-crystallization method is preferred because of the controllability of crystallization kinetics, hence, particle size and size distribution. A disadvantage of this method is the need to melt raw materials at high temperatures with non-reactive crucibles, e.g. platinum. However, in this work, we have shown that crystal growth of barium hexaferrite occurred during low temperature heat treatment of raw batches.

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