scholarly journals Multihopping Multilevel Clustering Heterogeneity-Sensitive Optimized Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Xiaopeng Hu ◽  
Muhammad Asad ◽  
Ehsan Ullah Munir
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Packet Drop

Effective utilization of energy resources in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has become challenging under uncertain distributed cluster-formation and single-hop intercluster communication capabilities. So, sensor nodes are forced to operate at expensive full rate transmission power level continuously during whole network operation. These challenging network environments experience unwanted phenomena of drastic energy consumption and packet drop. In this paper, we propose an adaptive immune Multihopping Multilevel Clustering (MHMLC) protocol that executes a Hybrid Clustering Algorithm (HCA) to perform optimal centralized selection of Cluster-Heads (CHs) within radius of centrally located Base Station (BS) and distributed CHs selection in the rest of network area. HCA of MHMLC also produces optimal intermediate CHs for intercluster multihop communications that develop heterogeneity-aware economical links. This hybrid cluster-formation facilitates the sensors to function at short range transmission power level that enhances link quality and avoids packet drop. The simulation environments produce fair comparison among proposed MHMLC and existing state-of-the-art routing protocols. Experimental results give significant evidence of better performance of the proposed model in terms of network lifetime, stability period, and data delivery ratio.

QoS Aware Multi-hop Multi-path Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Omkar Singh ◽  
Vinay Rishiwal
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
End To End

Background & Objective: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consist of huge number of tiny senor nodes. WSN collects environmental data and sends to the base station through multi-hop wireless communication. QoS is the salient aspect in wireless sensor networks that satisfies end-to-end QoS requirement on different parameters such as energy, network lifetime, packets delivery ratio and delay. Among them Energy consumption is the most important and challenging factor in WSN, since the senor nodes are made by battery reserved that tends towards life time of sensor networks. Methods: In this work an Improve-Energy Aware Multi-hop Multi-path Hierarchy (I-EAMMH) QoS based routing approach has been proposed and evaluated that reduces energy consumption and delivers data packets within time by selecting optimum cost path among discovered routes which extends network life time. Results and Conclusion: Simulation has been done in MATLAB on varying number of rounds 400- 2000 to checked the performance of proposed approach. I-EAMMH is compared with existing routing protocols namely EAMMH and LEACH and performs better in terms of end-to-end-delay, packet delivery ratio, as well as reduces the energy consumption 13%-19% and prolongs network lifetime 9%- 14%.

A Node Authentication Model in Wireless Sensor Networks With Locked Cluster Generation

2021 ◽  
pp. 236-250
Author(s):  
C. R. Bharathi ◽  
Alapati Naresh ◽  
Arepalli Peda Gopi ◽  
Lakshman Narayana Vejendla
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Generation ◽  
Secure Network

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), the majority of the inquiries are issued at the base station. WSN applications frequently require collaboration among countless sensor nodes in a network. One precedent is to persistently screen a region and report occasions. A sensor node in a WSN is initially allocated with an energy level, and based on the tasks of that sensor node, energy will be reduced. In this chapter, two proposed methods for secure network cluster formation and authentication are discussed. When a network is established then all the nodes in it must register with cluster head and then authentication is performed. The selection of cluster head is done using a novel selection algorithm and for authenticating the nodes. Also, a novel algorithm for authentication is used in this chapter. The validation and authorization of nodes are carried over by managing the keys in WSN. The results have been analyzed using NS2 simulator with an aid of list of relevant parameters.

A GPS-Less Cell-Based Localization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Localization Technique ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents a localization algorithm, namely Circle Based Localization (CBL) for GPS-less wireless sensor networks. CBL works by finding the centroid of intersection of any two circles. Furthermore, we study the effect of power level mismatch among anchors. Simulation results show that CBL can significantly improve the accuracy by 5% while reducing the transmission power of anchors.

Improving the performance of hierarchical wireless sensor networks using the metaheuristic algorithms: efficient cluster head selection

Sensor Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Kiani ◽  
Amir Seyyedabbasi ◽  
Sajjad Nematzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Efficient resource utilization in wireless sensor networks is an important issue. Clustering structure has an important effect on the efficient use of energy, which is one of the most critical resources. However, it is extremely vital to choose efficient and suitable cluster head (CH) elements in these structures to harness their benefits. Selecting appropriate CHs and finding optimal coefficients for each parameter of a relevant fitness function in CHs election is a non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP-hard) problem that requires additional processing. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose efficient solutions to achieve the main goal by addressing the related issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws inspiration from three metaheuristic-based algorithms; gray wolf optimizer (GWO), incremental GWO and expanded GWO. These methods perform various complex processes very efficiently and much faster. They consist of cluster setup and data transmission phases. The first phase focuses on clusters formation and CHs election, and the second phase tries to find routes for data transmission. The CH selection is obtained using a new fitness function. This function focuses on four parameters, i.e. energy of each node, energy of its neighbors, number of neighbors and its distance from the base station. Findings The results obtained from the proposed methods have been compared with HEEL, EESTDC, iABC and NR-LEACH algorithms and are found to be successful using various analysis parameters. Particularly, I-HEELEx-GWO method has provided the best results. Originality/value This paper proposes three new methods to elect optimal CH that prolong the networks lifetime, save energy, improve overhead along with packet delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Diverse Congestion Control Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2380-2389
Author(s):  
Amit Grover Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Control Schemes

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprised of battery operated sensor nodes that collect data from their neighbor nodes and transmit the aggregated information to the sink node or the Base Station (BS). This may result in congestion near the BS and leads to a bottleneck situation in the network. In this paper, an extensive study of earlier reported diverse congestion techniques explicitly diverse Algorithm based - and Layer based-congestion techniques is carried out. Accordingly, a recommendation is drawn based upon their performance comparison. Furthermore, a demonstration is carried out for contemporary earlier reported strategies such as Pro-AODV, CC-AODV, EDAPR, ED-AODV and PCC-AODV by evaluating delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and packet loss ratio (PLR). Accordingly, a recommended congestion strategy is suggested depending upon the comparison of the demonstrated schemes.

scholarly journals Green Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Triangle Metric Based Multi-Layered Routing Protocol

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7278
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Khasawneh ◽  
Omprakash Kaiwartya ◽  
Jaime Lloret ◽  
Hayfa Y. Abuaddous ◽  
Laith Abualigah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose a non-localization routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), namely, the triangle metric based multi-layered routing protocol (TM2RP). The main idea of the proposed TM2RP is to utilize supernodes along with depth information and residual energy to balance the energy consumption between sensors. Moreover, TM2RP is the first multi-layered and multi-metric pressure routing protocol that considers link quality with residual energy to improve the selection of next forwarding nodes with more reliable and energy-efficient links. The aqua-sim package based on the ns-2 simulator was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed TM2RP. The obtained results were compared to other similar methods such as depth based routing (DBR) and multi-layered routing protocol (MRP). Simulation results showed that the proposed protocol (TM2RP) obtained better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay.

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