scholarly journals Deep, Surface, or Both? A Study of Occupational Therapy Students’ Learning Concepts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Deep And Surface Learning ◽  
Learning Concept

Background. Students’ conceptualization of learning has been associated with their approaches to studying. However, whether students’ learning concepts are associated with their personal characteristics is unknown. Aim. To investigate whether sociodemographic, education-related, and personal factors were associated with the learning concepts of Norwegian occupational therapy students. Methods. One hundred and forty-nine students (mean age 23.9 years, 79.2% women) participated in the study. The employed self-report questionnaires included the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Differences between student cohorts were analyzed with one-way analyses of variance and χ2 tests, whereas factors associated with the students’ learning concepts were analyzed with bivariate correlation and linear regression models. Results. The students’ mean scores on the deep and surface learning concept scales were similar. Spending more time on the independent study was associated with having higher scores on the unidimensional learning concept measure. Conclusions. The students’ learning concept appears to encompass a surface concept as well as a deep concept of learning, and the two ways of conceptualizing learning were positively related to each other. Over time, a mature deep concept may add to, rather than replace, a basic surface concept of learning.

scholarly journals Predictors of academic integrity in undergraduate and graduate-entry masters occupational therapy students

2020 ◽  
pp. 156918612096803
Author(s):  
Ted Brown ◽  
Stephen Isbel ◽  
Alexandra Logan ◽  
Jamie Etherington
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
Graduate Entry ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students

Background: Academic integrity is viewed as honest and responsible scholarship and the moral code of academia. Reported incidences of academic dishonesty among health professional students are widespread and may be an indicator of future unprofessional behaviour in the workplace. Aim: This study investigated the potential predictors of academic integrity in undergraduate and graduate-entry masters occupational therapy students. Method: Occupational therapy students from five universities ( n = 701 participants; 609 undergraduates; 92 graduate-entry masters) were recruited. Data were collected via a two-part self-report questionnaire that included six standardised scales: Academic Dishonesty Scale; Academic Dishonesty in the Classroom Setting Scale; Academic Dishonesty in the Clinical/Practice Education Setting Scale; Moral Development Scale for Professionals; Academic Dishonesty Tendency Scale; and Perceived Academic Sources of Stress. Data analysis involved multi-linear regression analyses with bootstrapping. Result: Significant predictors of academic integrity in occupational therapy students included age, gender, grade point average, public meaning, moral practice, general tendency towards cheating, tendency towards dishonesty in the conduct and reporting of research findings, tendency towards not providing appropriate references and acknowledgements and pressures to perform well academically. Conclusion: These findings will assist educators in identifying vulnerable students potentially prone to academic integrity infringements and implementing proactive strategies with them. Further studies are recommended to explore further predictors of students’ academic integrity.

scholarly journals SmartBathroom Data Visualization Tool to Inform OT Clinical Reasoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 426-426
Author(s):  
Avinandan Basu ◽  
Yangyi Xu ◽  
Jon Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Grasping Forces

Abstract Traditionally, Occupational Therapy assessment of an older adult’s toilet transfer performance has been based on qualitative observation and client self-report. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing traditional clinical reasoning with quantitative transfer performance data about body and foot position, balance, hand placement and grasping forces on grab bars. Specifically, we conducted an online survey of occupational therapy practitioners and educators to assess the usefulness and usability of 2D and 3D graphic visualizations representing foot and hand position and forces exerted on the floor, toilet seat and grab bars. These data were captured by sensors located throughout GA Tech’s SmartBathroom laboratory during a study of transfer performance. Findings are being used to identify the most useful sensor data and the most effective ways to convey that data to improve training of occupational therapy students.

scholarly journals Predictors of academic honesty and success in domestic and international occupational therapy students

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Brown ◽  
Stephen Isbel ◽  
Alexandra Logan ◽  
Jamie Etherington
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Academic Honesty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
And Performance

PurposeAcademic integrity is the application of honest, ethical and responsible behaviours to all facets of students’ scholarly endeavours and is the moral code of academia. The international literature reports the prevalence of academic dishonesty in higher education across many disciplines (including the health sciences), and there is evidence linking academic dishonesty in health professional students with future unprofessional behaviour in the workplace. International students are reported to be a particularly vulnerable group. This paper aims to investigate the factors that may be predictive of academic honesty and performance in domestic and international occupational therapy students.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 701 participants (603 domestic students; 98 international students) were recruited from five Australian universities, and data were collected via a two-part self-report questionnaire. ANOVA and multi-linear regression analyses with bootstrapping were completed.FindingsTendency towards cheating and self-perception tendency towards dishonesty in research, gender, age and hours spent in indirect study were found to be statistically significant predictors of academic integrity and performance.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of this study were the use of convenience sampling and self-report scales which can be prone to social desirability bias. Further studies are recommended to explore other potential predictors of academic honesty and performance in occupational therapy students.Originality/valueA range of predictors of academic honesty and success were found that will assist educators to target vulnerable domestic and international occupational therapy students as well as address deficiencies in academic integrity through proactive strategies.

Activity Analysis: Agreement between Participants and Observers on Perceived Factors in Occupation Components

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lela A. Llorens
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Student Participant ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Student Subject

This study is part of research being conducted to test the validity and reliability of activity analysis in occupational therapy. The objective was to determine the percentage of agreement between participants in an activity and observers of the activity using self-report as the method of data collection. The study was designed to determine the agreement on subjects' perceptions of presence or absence of 29 factors in five occupation components related to chewing, buttoning, manual rolling, drawing, and spinning. Eighty occupational therapy students were participants in a laboratory used to gather self-report data in the initial study. Each student engaged in an activity that required chewing, buttoning, manual rolling, drawing, and spinning. Forty-seven registered occupational therapists were participants in this study. They observed a videotape of a student subject who performed the five activity (occupation) components. The student participant self-report responses are compared with the responses reported by the occupational therapist observers to determine the extent to which the two groups agreed on the presence of the activity factors. The results of the study indicated that agreement occurred between the two groups for 12 to 21 of the 29 factors across the five occupation components. This finding occurred 80% or more of the time with a calculated percentage of agreement of .724 for spinning, manual rolling, and buttoning.

Camouflaging in non-autistic adults is associated with poorer mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Somerville ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Sue Fletcher-Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Camouflaging is a frequently reported behaviour in autistic people, which entails the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic traits in social situations. Camouflaging is associated with poor mental health in autistic people. This study examined the manifestation of camouflaging in a non-autistic sample, examining the relationship between autistic traits, camouflaging, and mental health. In addition, the role of executive functions as a mechanism underpinning camouflaging was explored. Sixty-three non-autistic adults completed standardised self-report questionnaires which measured: autistic traits, mental health symptoms, and camouflaging behaviours. In addition, a subset (n=51) completed three tests of executive function measuring inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse data. Results indicated that autistic traits are not associated with mental health symptoms when controlling for camouflaging, and camouflaging predicted increased mental health symptoms. Camouflaging did not correlate with any measure of executive function. These findings have implications for understanding the relationship between autistic traits and mental health in non-autistic people and add to the growing development of theory and knowledge about the mechanism and effects of camouflaging.

Evolution of professional identity in Iranian occupational therapy students and new graduates: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262110177
Author(s):  
Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad ◽  
Emily F Piven ◽  
Bahareh Zeynalzadeh Ghoochani
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Professional Attitudes ◽  
Future Career ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
Professional Attitude ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Over Time

Introduction The development of professional attitude evolves over time and contributes to the formation of professional identity. This study tracked formation of professional identity by comparing professional attitudes of three cohorts: new graduates, final-year, and first-year students of occupational therapy. Method The online survey, including a 5-point Likert scale 17-item questionnaire and one qualitative inquiry using an incomplete statement, revealed the perception and future career prospects of 144 novice practitioners and students of occupational therapy. Written statements were compared to each other to provide insight about the participants’ perspectives during the three time periods. Findings One-way ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences in professional attitudes among the three cohorts (F (2, 141) = 14.32, p < 0.0001), demonstrating a downward trend in professional identity formation. The comparison analysis of statements confirmed the quantitative results and highlighted an issue of negative professional identity through indicating great concerns over the future career prospects. Conclusion Despite increased awareness of occupational therapy over time, these participants seemed to have had trouble developing a sound sense of professional identity. Possible sources and solutions for this issue were discussed, to better facilitate a clear sense of professional identity in occupational therapy students and practitioners.

scholarly journals Moral Disengagement, Empathy, and Cybervictim’s Representation as Predictive Factors of Cyberbullying among Italian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Maria Lidia Mascia ◽  
Mirian Agus ◽  
Maria Assunta Zanetti ◽  
Maria Luisa Pedditzi ◽  
Dolores Rollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Victim Group ◽  
Empathy Scale ◽  
Italian Adolescents ◽  
Diffusion Of Responsibility

This study aimed to evaluate which aspects of moral disengagement (MD), empathy, and representations of the victim’s experience (VER) could be predictors of cyberbullying (CB). One hundred and eight-nine students (11–17 years old) completed 3 self-report questionnaires: An MD scale, an empathy scale, and a CB questionnaire. In relation to the personal experience of CB, four groups were identified: Victim, bully, bully/victim, and no experience with CB. The linear bivariate correlation analysis shows correlations between empathy and VER, between empathy and MD, and between MD and VER. A multinomial logistic regression identified which predictors could increase a subject’s probability of belonging to one of the four groups regarding the personal experience of CB (victim, bully, bully/victim, no experience). Findings highlighted that low cognitive empathy might increase the probability for a student to belong to the bullies’ group, rather than the victims’ group. Furthermore, low perception of the consequences of CB on the victim might increase the probability of belonging to the bully, bully/victim, and no experience groups. Then, a high score in the diffusion of responsibility was a significant predictor of belonging to the victim group rather than the no experience group. Results from this study confirm the need for preventive measures against CB, including the empowerment of cognitive empathy, decreasing the diffusion of responsibility, and increasing the awareness of the consequences of CB on the victim.

scholarly journals Location, Location, Location: The Role of Objective Neighborhood Characteristics for Perceptions of Control

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Johanna Drewelies ◽  
Peter Eibich ◽  
Sandra Düzel ◽  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Christian Krekel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
External Control ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Report Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Control beliefs can protect against age-related declines in functioning. It is unclear whether neighborhood characteristics shape how much control people perceive over their life. This article studies associations of neighborhood characteristics with control beliefs of residents of a diverse metropolitan area (Berlin, Germany). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We combine self-report data about perceptions of control obtained from participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (<i>N</i> = 507, 60–87 years, 51% women) with multisource geo-referenced indicators of neighborhood characteristics using linear regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Findings indicate that objective neighborhood characteristics (i.e., unemployment rate) are indeed tied to perceptions of control, in particular, how much control participants feel others have over their lives. Including neighborhood characteristics in part doubled the amount of explained variance compared with a reference model covarying for demographic characteristics only (from <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.017 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for internal control beliefs; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.056 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.102 for external control beliefs in chance; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.006 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for external control beliefs in powerful others). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Findings highlight the importance of access to neighborhood resources for control beliefs across old age and can inform interventions to build up neighborhood characteristics which might be especially helpful in residential areas with high unemployment.

“Jumping the Shark”: An Interdisciplinary Activity for Engaging Students With the Principles of Bivariate Regression

2021 ◽  
pp. 009862832110088
Author(s):  
Todd D. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Process Learning ◽  
Content Acquisition ◽  
Bivariate Regression ◽  
Feedback Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Content ◽  
Teaching Implications

Background: Student anxiety about statistics may lead to poorer learning outcomes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate an exercise designed to teach students in an introductory statistics class the principles of bivariate regression and to emphasize how statistical tools used by psychologists are also implemented in other fields. Method: Students used a published model on the relationship between tooth size and the length of great white sharks to estimate the length of extinct sharks and to explore factors that could affect the accuracy or validity of regression analyses. Data from an anonymous self-report scale were used to assess the activity. Results: More than 95% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the activity was engaging, approximately 95% of students agreed or strongly agreed that the activity helped them learn about factors that can lead to problems with bivariate correlation/regression, and approximately 91% of respondents correctly answered a question designed to assess basic content acquisition. Conclusion: Feedback data suggest that the exercise was successful in achieving its content and process learning goals. Teaching Implications: Implementation of similar exercises may improve student engagement and outcomes in psychology statistics courses.

scholarly journals The relationship of insight with psychopathological dimensions in patients with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380872110199
Author(s):  
Si-Sheng Huang ◽  
Cheng-Chen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Acute Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Impaired insight in patients with schizophrenia results in less satisfactory clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between insight and individual psychopathological dimensions in inpatients with schizophrenia using a self-report questionnaire. In this study, 90 patients with schizophrenia aged 18–75 years admitted in the acute psychiatric ward of a medical center in Taiwan were enrolled. Patient insight was measured using the Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ), and psychopathological dimensions were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and its five-factor structure model. A higher SAIQ score indicates greater insight. In bivariate correlation analyses, statistically significant correlations were observed between age, single marital status, educational level, and positive, excited, and depressed symptom factor of the PANSS and SAIQ score. In regression analyses, age and excited and depressed symptom factors were significantly associated with SAIQ score. No significant association was observed between insight and neurocognitive functions. Considering demographic characteristics, psychopathology, and neurocognition, in the acute phase of schizophrenia, younger patients with less severe excited symptoms and more severe depressive symptoms had greater insight.

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