scholarly journals Investigation of the Aquifer Protective Capacity and Groundwater Quality around Some Open Dumpsites in Sapele Delta State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Otutu Oseji ◽  
James Chucks Egbai ◽  
Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Okolie ◽  
Etebefia Chris Ese
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Curve Matching ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
2D Imaging ◽  
Longitudinal Unit Conductance

Aquifer protective capacity and groundwater quality investigations around some open dumpsites were conducted along New Road Sapele, Delta State. Nine Schlumberger arrangements of vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out with a maximum electrode separation of 500 m, and obtained data were interpreted by partial curve matching and computer iteration using Win Resist software. 2D survey using nine dipole-dipole stations was also utilized to give resistivity map of the dumpsites, while standard laboratory methods were used to analyze the groundwater. The study shows four to five geoelectric sections. The aquifer is within the third, fourth, and fifth layers at a depth of 30 m. The overburden protective capacity from the total longitudinal unit conductance indicates that VES 1 and 5 are adequately protected with protective capacity of 0.7 to 0.9 mhos, VES 2, 3, 6, and 7 are moderately protected with conductance values of 0.2 to 0.69 mhos, VES 4 is weakly protected with values of 0.12 mhos, and VES 8 and 9 are poorly protected with values of 0.003 to 0.004 mhos. In the 2D imaging, VES 4, 8, and 9 show contaminant presence to the depth of 20 m while VES 3, 6, and 7 show contamination to a depth of 50 m. However, the aquifer shows good transmissivity, an indication that if it is contaminated, the contaminants will circulate the aquifer at a high rate. The groundwater flows in the northeast (NE) direction, thereby recharging river Ethiope. The study also shows the presence of lead (0.01 mg/l), nickel (0.02 mg/l), and cadmium (0.03 mg/l), which made it unsafe for drinking and use in other life-related activities. Groundwater should hence be sourced from a depth of about 45–50 m in order to tap from the uncontaminated aquifer.

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD APPLIED TO STUDY GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AROUND THE ALAGOINHAS CEMETERY, BAHIA, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo M.S. Amarante ◽  
Olivar A.L. de Lima ◽  
Susana S. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Method

ABSTRACT. To investigate the subsurface geological and hydrological conditions around the area of the Alagoinhas county cemetery – Bahia State, Brazil, 38 vertical electrical soundings using Schlumberger electrode array were performed to a maximum AB/2 spacing... RESUMO. Para investigar as condições geológicas e hidrológicas da subsuperfície na área do entorno do Cemitério Municipal de Alagoinhas, Bahia, foram realizadas 38 sondagens elétricas verticais centradas em pontos acessíveis da área. As sondagens foram...

On: “Effect of tropical weathering on electrical and electromagnetic measurements” by G. J. Palacky and K. Kadekaru (GEOPHYSICS, January 1979, p. 69–88).

Geophysics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205-1208
Author(s):  
B. B. Bhattacharya ◽  
P. K. Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Host Rock ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Electromagnetic Measurements ◽  
Tropical Weathering ◽  
Electrical Soundings

In this paper, the authors showed a series of electromagnetic (EM) profiles (Figure 20, p. 86) obtained from the ground follow‐up using a slingram system with a frequency of 1600 Hz and coil separation of 120 m. Measurements along all the profiles (A to E) show considerable in‐phase and quadrature anomaly. The host rock in this case is amphibolite. The vertical electrical soundings over the amphibolite (Figure 16, p. 82) indicate that the weathered amphibolite has mean thickness and resistivity of 8.5 ± 2.1 m and 29.7 ± 6.5 Ω-m, respectively. It would, therefore, be reasonable to assume that the in‐phase and quadrature anomalies have been influenced due to the presence of conducting overburden, and the response of the target in such a situation can be altogether different compared to the anomaly of the target in the presence of an insulating or highly resistive overburden.

GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION USING DC RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUE AT THE MALE HOSTEL OF ISA KAITA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
Aniefiok Akpaneno ◽  
S. Abdulwahab
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Dumping Site ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Sas Model

A geophysical investigation involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger array was carried out at the Isa Kaita College of Education specifically at the Male Hostel. The aim of the investigation is to explore the groundwater contamination of the area with the objectives: to determine the depth to basement of the study area, to determine the aquifer thickness, to determine the depth to aquifer, to determine the conductivity of the aquifer and to determine the thickness of topsoil and its variation in resistivity. A total of four (4) vertical electrical soundings were carried out using Schlumberger configuration. Terrameter signal averaging system (SAS) model 300 was the instrument used. The survey area is dominated by mainly four layers, namely: Topsoil, Weathered basement, fractured basement. The value of VES 03 and VES 04 have high electrical conductivities which likely shows they are contaminated, The topsoil resistivity along the profile ranges from approximately 1 to 154, The depth to basement (basement topography) Varies from 4.94 m to 7.59 m, The thickness of aquifer range from  1 m to 6.8 m.  Therefore VES 02 has high Potential for groundwater because it has retaining capacity and good aquifer thickness and is therefore recommended for borehole establishment. It is recommended that the management of Isa Kaita College of Education should provide a concrete dumping site to avoid leaching of waste in ground thereby contaminating the groundwater.

scholarly journals Estimation of the presence of small dense lipoprotein cholesterol in acute ischemic stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Manabe ◽  
Ryuta Morihara ◽  
Kosuke Matsuzono ◽  
Yumiko Nakano ◽  
Yoshiaki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is an established risk factor in ischemic heart disease. However, its clinical significance in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is uncertain. This study evaluates the prognostic value of the presence of sdLDL in patients with AIS by determining whether it contributes to clinical outcome or not. We studied 530 consecutive patients admitted within the first 48 hours after onset of ischemic stroke and 50 corresponding controls. Serum lipid parameters were measured on admission by standard laboratory methods. The percentage of AIS patients with sdLDL was significantly higher than the one of matched controls with sdLDL. Concerning comparisons between AIS patients with or without sdLDL, the percentages of males and patients with histories of smoking, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in AIS patients with sdLDL. Concerning the grade of severity, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on discharge was significantly higher in AIS patients with sdLDL. On logistic regression analysis, age (OR=2.29, P3). Our study showed that the presence of sdLDL might be independently associated with a poor prognosis after AIS.

scholarly journals The Nutritive Value of Commonly Consumed Processed and Unprocessed Vegetables in South-Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Lilian C. Aburime ◽  
Onot O. Ekpe ◽  
Gift O. Okpuruwu ◽  
Chidera T. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Mineral Compositions

Aim: The nutritive value, proximate, vitamin and mineral compositions of seven commonly consumed vegetables in South-Southern Nigeria were determined. Methodology: Pods and leaves of vegetables were divided into two parts. One part was analyzed raw and the remaining part was cooked by boiling. The raw vegetable leaves and okro pods were separately washed and dried using a food dehydrator (40ºC) for 24hrs. After drying, it was milled into fine flour using an electric blender. The second part of the vegetables were processed by boiling using variable time, after boiling, they were separately drained and dried using a food dehydrator at a temperature of about 50ºC for 48 hrs. Chemical analyses were carried out using standard laboratory methods. Means and standard deviations were calculated using the statistical package for social science. The least significant difference (LSD) was accepted at P = .05 significance. Results: For the raw vegetables the results were as follows: Moisture 71.2 – 91.2%, ash 0.9- 2.9%, dietary fibre 9.2 – 13.1%, fat 0.3 -1.4%, protein 2.1 – 8.2%, available Carbohydrate 1.0 – 8.7%, phosphorus 8 -52 mg/100 g, potassium 263- 1152 mg/100 g, sodium 3-23 mg/100 g, calcium 183-815 mg/100 g, magnesium 67-217 mg/100 g, iron 0.26-1.27 mg/100 g, zinc 0.26-1.10 mg,  folate 3-13 mcg/100 g. The results of the boiled vegetables were: moisture 80.9– 93.8%, protein 1.7 – 3.2%, fat 0.2 – 0.5%, ash 0.5– 1.1%, dietary fibre 3.9 – 9.3%, available carbohydrate 3.8 – 9.9%, phosphorus 7 – 35 mg/100 g, Potassium 0.33 – 300 mg/100 g, sodium 0.3 – 20 mg/100 g, magnesium 45 – 132 mg/100 g, calcium 82 – 200 mg/100 g, iron 0.21 -0.60 mg/100 g, zinc 0.13 – 0.30mg/100g. Folate 3 – 6 mcg/100 g. The range of the percentage contributions of the vegetables that are consumed raw to the recommended nutrient intake or recommended dietary allowance of adults are as follows: protein 5-18%, fat 1-3%, carbohydrates 1-6%, dietary fibre 3-52%, iron 2-14%, zinc 6-36%, calcium 26 -116%, phosphorus 8-31%, sodium 0.3-1%, Potassium 8-32%, Magnesium 26-99%, Folate 3-4%. Conclusion: Boiling significantly reduced most nutrient studied. Bitter leaves are more nutrient dense than other studied vegetables. Knowing the food compositions of these vegetables will promote their use.

scholarly journals CREATININE AND CREATINE KINASE RATIO IN BLOOD OF DIFFERENT BODY TYPES - A NEW APPROACH.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Pritha Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Creatine Kinase Level ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Purpose: The inconsistencies and variations of creatine kinase level due to modifiable and non-modifiable factors were the basis of this study. The aim was to find out the relationships between creatinine and creatine kinase in the blood of somatotypes.    Methods: The 122 males, aged 10 to 20 years, were classified according to their somatotypes. Somatotypes were measured by the ISAK method. By standard laboratory methods, creatinine and creatine kinase estimate. The IBM SPSS version 24 is used for calculation. One way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests was performed to compare the variables among the three groups (p<0.05).   Results: Creatinine level in the blood insignificantly deferred among the three somatotypes. The significant differences (p<0.05) were found in creatine kinase level in the blood and creatinine/creatine kinase ratio among the three dominant Somatotypes. Creatine Kinase was significantly higher in Ectomorphs (212 U/L) than Endomorphs. Ectomorphs and mesomorphs have crossed normal creatine kinase levels (35 -175 U/L). The creatinine/creatine kinase ratio was found highest in endomorphs and lowest in the ectomorphs and significantly differed in three Somatotypes.   Conclusion: Creatinine production remains the same, indicating production of Creatinine is independent of specific body types. A significant higher Creatine Kinase level in Ectomorphs over Endomorphs showed fat content was not associated with it. Significant differences in Creatinine / Creatine Kinase ratio among Somatotypes suggested its relevance between cellular and morphological relationships and might uses as biomarkers. 

scholarly journals Applicability of the dipole-dipole method for structural studies: examples from the Northern Apennines

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giudici ◽  
L. Alfano
Keyword(s):  
Northern Apennines ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
North East ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Surrounding Areas

We present some results of a geoelectrical investigation program conducted in the Northern Apennines, namely in the Val d'Aveto and Bobbio window and surrounding areas. Field activity included the execution of more than 50 vertical electrical soundings with continuous polar dipole-dipole spread. We image the geometries of some deep geological structures; in particular we found a resistive background, whose resistivity is different along the geoelectrical profiles. In our interpretation the resistive background consists of subligurid and tuscan units underlying the alloctone Ligurid units in the area surrounding the Val d'Aveto and Bobbio window. The resistive background was not found, at least at the same depths, toward north-east. Therefore, the geoelectrical survey revealed the position of the front of the subligurid and Tuscan nappes toward the plain for a depth of about one kilometer.

scholarly journals Detecção de um aquífero fraturado por múltiplas sondagens elétricas verticais e por caminhamento elétrico multinível

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Juliana Targino Batista ◽  
José Agnelo Soares
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Electric Resistivity ◽  
Vertical Fracture ◽  
Vertical Electrical Soundings ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Fractured Aquifers ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Schlumberger Array

RESUMO O presente trabalho analisa o efeito da adoção de diferentes configurações do método da eletrorresistividade para investigar a ocorrência de potenciais aquíferos fissurais. Em uma área onde reconhecidamente existe uma zona de fraturas subverticais no embasamento cristalino foram aplicadas as técnicas de múltiplas sondagens elétricas verticais (SEVs), utilizando o arranjo Schlumberger, e o caminhamento elétrico utilizando o arranjo gradiente multinível. Três diferentes configurações foram testadas em uma mesma linha cuja direção é aproximadamente perpendicular aos planos das fraturas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o caminhamento elétrico multinível pelo arranjo gradiente apresentou maior clareza na detecção da zona de fraturas em relação às configurações utilizando sondagens elétricas verticais. No entanto, tais estruturas subverticais ainda poderiam ser detectadas por sondagem elétrica, desde que adotado um afastamento adequado entre os centros das SEVs. As seções geoelétricas obtidas pelas configurações testadas indicam a presença de uma estrutura acumuladora de água subterrânea do tipo riacho-fenda. Adicionalmente, o caminhamento elétrico pelo arranjo gradiente apresenta vantagens operacionais em relação às demais configurações, sendo mais prático e rápido nos trabalhos de aquisição de dados no campo.Palavras-Chaves: Hidrogeofísica, eletrorresistividade, embasamento cristalino. ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the effect of adoption of different configurations of electric resistivity method to investigate the occurrence of potential fractured aquifers. In an area where there is a sub vertical fracture zone in the crystalline basement the techniques of multiple vertical electrical soundings (VES), using the Schlumberger array, and electrical profiling using the multilevel gradient array, were applied. Three different configurations were tested in a same line whose direction is approximately perpendicular to the fracture plan. The results show that the multilevel gradient array presented better clarity in detecting fracture zone than the settings using vertical electrical soundings. However, such sub vertical structures could still be detected by VES, since it is adopted a proper separation between the VES centers. Obtained geoelectric sections indicate the presence of a groundwater accumulating structure composed by a crack-induced stream. Additionally, the electric gradient profiling presents operational advantages in relation to other arrays, being more practical and fast for data acquisition in the field.Keywords: Hydrogeophysics, electric resistivity, crystalline basement.

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