scholarly journals The Nutritive Value of Commonly Consumed Processed and Unprocessed Vegetables in South-Southern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Lilian C. Aburime ◽  
Onot O. Ekpe ◽  
Gift O. Okpuruwu ◽  
Chidera T. Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Mineral Compositions

Aim: The nutritive value, proximate, vitamin and mineral compositions of seven commonly consumed vegetables in South-Southern Nigeria were determined. Methodology: Pods and leaves of vegetables were divided into two parts. One part was analyzed raw and the remaining part was cooked by boiling. The raw vegetable leaves and okro pods were separately washed and dried using a food dehydrator (40ºC) for 24hrs. After drying, it was milled into fine flour using an electric blender. The second part of the vegetables were processed by boiling using variable time, after boiling, they were separately drained and dried using a food dehydrator at a temperature of about 50ºC for 48 hrs. Chemical analyses were carried out using standard laboratory methods. Means and standard deviations were calculated using the statistical package for social science. The least significant difference (LSD) was accepted at P = .05 significance. Results: For the raw vegetables the results were as follows: Moisture 71.2 – 91.2%, ash 0.9- 2.9%, dietary fibre 9.2 – 13.1%, fat 0.3 -1.4%, protein 2.1 – 8.2%, available Carbohydrate 1.0 – 8.7%, phosphorus 8 -52 mg/100 g, potassium 263- 1152 mg/100 g, sodium 3-23 mg/100 g, calcium 183-815 mg/100 g, magnesium 67-217 mg/100 g, iron 0.26-1.27 mg/100 g, zinc 0.26-1.10 mg,  folate 3-13 mcg/100 g. The results of the boiled vegetables were: moisture 80.9– 93.8%, protein 1.7 – 3.2%, fat 0.2 – 0.5%, ash 0.5– 1.1%, dietary fibre 3.9 – 9.3%, available carbohydrate 3.8 – 9.9%, phosphorus 7 – 35 mg/100 g, Potassium 0.33 – 300 mg/100 g, sodium 0.3 – 20 mg/100 g, magnesium 45 – 132 mg/100 g, calcium 82 – 200 mg/100 g, iron 0.21 -0.60 mg/100 g, zinc 0.13 – 0.30mg/100g. Folate 3 – 6 mcg/100 g. The range of the percentage contributions of the vegetables that are consumed raw to the recommended nutrient intake or recommended dietary allowance of adults are as follows: protein 5-18%, fat 1-3%, carbohydrates 1-6%, dietary fibre 3-52%, iron 2-14%, zinc 6-36%, calcium 26 -116%, phosphorus 8-31%, sodium 0.3-1%, Potassium 8-32%, Magnesium 26-99%, Folate 3-4%. Conclusion: Boiling significantly reduced most nutrient studied. Bitter leaves are more nutrient dense than other studied vegetables. Knowing the food compositions of these vegetables will promote their use.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Temperature Dependent Variations in Proximate Parameters and Mineral Elements of Smoke-Dried Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) using Traditional and Eco-Friendly Kilns in Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
M.M. Ogunbambo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Smoke-drying Clarias gariepinus (catfish) provides animal protein and a source of livelihood in Lagos, Nigeria. Changes occurring to seasonal and mineral compositions of smoke-dried catfish using local Traditional Drum Kiln (TDK) and a newly constructed Eco-Friendly Kiln (EFK) fitted with a flame, drying and electronic components was carried out in this study. The smoke-drying process was carried out in both wet and dry seasons and smoke-dried catfish samples stored at ambient and adjusted refrigerated temperatures of 28 and 4 0C. The smoke-drying procedure was  standardized at 60 - 80 0C and kiln lasted 24 ± 3 hours. Moisture content results showed a significant difference when the catfish samples were smoke-dried using TDK and EFK and stored in ambient and controlled temperatures in both wet and dry seasons while crude protein, lipid, ash and crude fibre values were significantly different when stored only in dry season. Mineral elements phosphorus, sodium, copper, magnesium and iron showed a significant difference when stored at both temperatures and seasons using both kilns. Mineral elements were found to be most stable in smoke-dried catfish samples when stored at controlled temperatures. This work proved that standardizing smoke-drying process using both kilns resulted in good quality smoke-dried catfish but showed that higher biochemical values were obtained when EFK is used. Key words: Nigeria, Smoke-drying Kilns, Seasons, Ambient, Controlled Temperatures

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Intake Timing on Post-Exercise Glycogen Accumulation and its Related Signaling Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahashi ◽  
Matsunaga ◽  
Banjo ◽  
Takahashi ◽  
Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Accumulation ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the effects of nutrient intake timing on glycogen accumulation and its related signals in skeletal muscle after an exercise that did not induce large glycogen depletion. Male ICR mice ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min under a fed condition. Mice were orally administered a solution containing 1.2 mg/g carbohydrate and 0.4 mg/g protein or water either immediately (early nutrient, EN) or 180 min (late nutrient, LN) after the exercise. Tissues were harvested at 30 min after the oral administration. No significant difference in blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations was found between the EN and LN groups. The plantaris muscle glycogen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the EN group—but not in the LN group—compared to the respective time-matched control group. Akt Ser473 phosphorylation was significantly higher in the EN group than in the time-matched control group (p < 0.01), while LN had no effect. Positive main effects of time were found for the phosphorylations in Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Thr642 (p < 0.05), 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172 (p < 0.01), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase Ser79 (p < 0.01); however, no effect of nutrient intake was found for these. We showed that delayed nutrient intake could not increase muscle glycogen after endurance exercise which did not induce large glycogen depletion. The results also suggest that post-exercise muscle glycogen accumulation after nutrient intake might be partly influenced by Akt activation. Meanwhile, increased AS160 and AMPK activation by post-exercise fasting might not lead to glycogen accumulation.

scholarly journals Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Rural Nigerian Schoolchildren: Relationship With Dietary Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Rufina Ayogu
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Haenszel Test

Background: Undernutrition among schoolchildren is a prevalent public health problem which may be due to inadequate energy and nutrient intakes associated with low dietary diversity. Objective: This study assessed dietary diversity scores (DDS), energy and nutrient intakes of schoolchildren (6-15 years), and risks factors of DDS and determined if energy and nutrient intakes were dependent on dietary diversity. Methods: The study involved a 2-stage random sampling of 90 schoolchildren. Dietary diversity and nutrient intake data were obtained through a 3-day weighed food intake. Analysis of variance, t test, and χ2 with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to determine relationships among and between variables; P < .05 was reported as significant. Results: Few (22.2%) had high DDS with no significant difference ( P > .05) between age groups and sex. Children from male headed households were more likely to have medium DDS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.231; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.037-10.070) than those from female headed households ( P < .05). Low nutrient intakes were observed among 85.6% for niacin, 76.7% for calcium, 72.2% for riboflavin, 54.4% for protein, 32.2% for thiamine, and 15.6% for vitamin C. Among boys, prevalence of inadequate riboflavin intake was significantly ( P < .05) higher among 6- to 9-year-olds. Among girls, prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake was significantly ( P < .01) higher among 10 to 15-year-olds. Children with adequate intakes of iron (OR = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.653-0.847) and thiamine (OR = 5.651, 95% CI = 1.214-26.310) were more likely to have high DDS. Conclusion: The schoolchildren had low energy and nutrient intakes. Iron and thiamine, intakes were dependent on DDS.

scholarly journals SPECIAL TUTORIAL CLASSES TO UPGRADE LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS ENROLLED IN MATHEMATICS FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE AT STOU

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Sakorn Boondao
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Tutorial Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Teaching Programs

Unlike distance education institutions in developed countries Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University makes very limited use of assignments in its teaching programs. The main means of interaction between tutors and students consists of free face-to-face tutorials conducted three times per semester in provincial centers throughout the country. In courses with low enrolments (less than 1000 students) such tutorials have recently been deemed not to be cost effective. Alternative regional or central intensive programs have been developed. These involve 20 hours of tutorial classes and assignment work over two weekends in the final month of the semester and count for 30% of the assessment. A small charge is made for registration. The Mathematics for Social Science course was affected by this change. Since mathematics is a difficult subject for students, (only about 30% normally passed the course) the special tutorial program was used to help students in the second semester of 2006. Students were more interested in this approach than in the regular face-to-face tutorials. After the project was advertised, 98 students applied. While this was more than three times the number who had attended the free tutorials in the previous semester, it was not sufficient to justify tutorials in the four regions. Instead, three classes were conducted in Bangkok. Only 71 of the original applicants attended. During the program the better students were asked to assist those who needed help. Student questionnaires indicated that more than half identified themselves as weak in mathematics, most had completed year 12 and just over three-quarters had never attended regular face-to-face tutorials. They were asked to rank items about the classes on a five-level scale. The availability of up to 30% of the marks for the course was the major attraction. Most indicated that they were pleased with the classes, and gained more knowledge; while assignments, as well as the solutions given after submission, helped them understand the contents. Having classmates help them with learning also encouraged them with their study. They felt that they needed more time to study and do assignment work, and would like more marks to be allocated for the assignments. It was found that the achievement of students who attended the special tutorial classes was significantly higher than that of those who did not. The pass rate in this semester dramatically increased compared to the previous semester, 50.72% and 30.34% respectively. But when comparing students' final exam scores for both groups, it was found that there was no significant difference in the scores. However students were satisfied with these special tutorial classes.

scholarly journals Estimation of the presence of small dense lipoprotein cholesterol in acute ischemic stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Manabe ◽  
Ryuta Morihara ◽  
Kosuke Matsuzono ◽  
Yumiko Nakano ◽  
Yoshiaki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is an established risk factor in ischemic heart disease. However, its clinical significance in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is uncertain. This study evaluates the prognostic value of the presence of sdLDL in patients with AIS by determining whether it contributes to clinical outcome or not. We studied 530 consecutive patients admitted within the first 48 hours after onset of ischemic stroke and 50 corresponding controls. Serum lipid parameters were measured on admission by standard laboratory methods. The percentage of AIS patients with sdLDL was significantly higher than the one of matched controls with sdLDL. Concerning comparisons between AIS patients with or without sdLDL, the percentages of males and patients with histories of smoking, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in AIS patients with sdLDL. Concerning the grade of severity, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on discharge was significantly higher in AIS patients with sdLDL. On logistic regression analysis, age (OR=2.29, P3). Our study showed that the presence of sdLDL might be independently associated with a poor prognosis after AIS.

Effect of season and dietary fibre on feeding behaviour of lactating sows in a tropical climate

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Renaudeau ◽  
J.-L. Weisbecker ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Hot Season

AbstractTwenty-seven multiparous Large White sows were used to determine the effect of season in a tropical climate and dietary fibre on their feeding behaviour during lactation. The experiment was conducted in Guadeloupe (French West Indies, latitude 16°N, longitude 61°W) between October 1999 and January 2001; climatic conditions in the farrowing room were equivalent to outdoor conditions. Two seasons were determined a posteriori from climatic criteria recorded continuously in the farrowing room. During the warm season, ambient temperature and relative humidity averaged 25°C and 0·868, respectively. The corresponding values for the hot season were 27·5°C and 0·835. Experimental diets offered during lactation were a control diet (C; 140 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) per kg) and a high fibre diet (HF; 200 g NDF per kg). Sows were offered food ad libitum between the 6th and the 27th day of lactation. Daily food intake between day 6 and day 27 decreased during the hot season (P < 0·001; 3226 v. 5571 g/d during the warm season). This was achieved by a reduction of both meal size (P < 0·05; 460 v. 718 g per meal) and ingestion and consumption time (P < 0·01; -11·1 and -15·3 min/day, respectively) whereas the number of meals remained constant (8·4 meals per day on average). During warm season, hourly food intake peaked twice daily near sunrise and sunset. During the hot season, peaks were attenuated and food intake was reduced during the hotter periods of the day and increased during the fresher period of the day, especially in early morning. As a result the diurnal partition of food intake was significantly affected by season; proportionately 0·62 and 0·47 of total food intake occurred during the day in warm and in hot seasons, respectively. Standing duration averaged 138 min/ day with no significant difference between seasons. Feeding behaviour criteria were not influenced by diet composition. In conclusion, the season in a humid tropical climate significantly affects the feeding behaviour of lactating sows.

scholarly journals Confidence interval approach for evaluating bias in laboratory methods

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Practical Concern ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

A statistically significant difference in mean values between two laboratory quantitation methods is interpreted as a bias. Sometimes such a difference is so minute that it does not constitute any practical concern. An alternative approach is to test statistically whether the two methods are close enough, not for equality. This is to look at the confidence interval of the mean method difference and does not entail any additional statistical tests.

scholarly journals NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH AND DRIED MARROW-STEM KALE HARVESTED AT TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Three yearling Cheviot × Suffolk ewes and three Columbia wethers were confined in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum fresh and dried marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C.) harvested in mid- and late October. Chemical analyses of the forages indicated no marked effects on any of the plant constituents due to drying or advancing maturity. Digestibility measurements demonstrated that marrow-stem kale (MSK) was a highly digestible material with an average dry matter digestibility of 78%. The fresh forages had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility values than the dried form. Dry matter digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for late October as compared with the earlier harvest. A trend toward higher (P > 0.05) voluntary intake values due to drying maturity was observed with an average relative intake of 80%. The nutritive value index averaged 65, thus indicating a digestible energy intake similar to a high-quality (legume) forage.

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