Dry Eye Post-Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis: Major Review and Latest Updates

Dry eye is one of the most common complications occurring after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), with virtually all patients experiencing some degree of postoperative dry eye symptoms. Enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanism of dry eye development in addition to preoperative screening of patients who are prone to dry eye is essential for better patient satisfaction and for improving short-term visual outcome postoperatively. This article reviews the latest studies published on LASIK-associated dry eye, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, preoperative assessment, and management.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Symptoms after Successful Dacryocystorhinostomy for Patients with Lacrimal Passage Obstruction

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211069739 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110697

Author(s):

Yu Jin ◽

Yining Guo ◽

Yushi Liu ◽

Yuexin Wang ◽

Guijuan Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Lower Income ◽

Educational Levels ◽

Income Levels ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Purpose To investigate the prevalence of dry eye symptoms after successful dacryocystorhinostomy and explore the potential risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 565 patients with lacrimal passage obstruction (LPO) who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) total score of 13 or more was regarded as presence of dry eye symptoms. OSDI total score greater than 22 combined with self-reported dry eye was defined as symptomatic dry eye. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to examine the associations between OSDI scores and its potentially predictive factors. Results: Of the 565 patients, 344 completed the questionnaire, among which 101(29.4%) patients presented with dry eye symptoms, including 53(15.4%) mild, 14(4.1%) moderate and 34(9.9%) severe, and 48(14.0%) patients can be defined as symptomatic dry eye. Univariate logistic regression revealed that age, educational levels, income levels, and hypertension were significantly correlated with the presence of dry eye symptoms ( P < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, lower income levels were found significantly associated with dry eye symptoms ( P < 0.05). Univariate linear regression demonstrated that age, lower educational levels, surgery history, and hypertension were significantly associated with OSDI total score ( P = 0.037, 0.012, 0.022, 0.029 respectively). Multivariate stepwise linear regression manifested that educational levels and the surgery history influenced the OSDI total score mostly ( P = 0.021, 0.036 respectively). Conclusions: Dry eye problem of LPO patients after successful dacryocystorhinostomy cannot be ignored. In the preoperative evaluation, we should pay special attention to the elderly patients with lower educational levels, lower income levels or systemic diseases.

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Pregabalin Failed to Prevent Dry Eye Symptoms after Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) in a Randomized Pilot Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8091355 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1355 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anat Galor ◽

Sneh Patel ◽

Leslie R. Small ◽

Adriana Rodriguez ◽

Michael J. Venincasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Final Visit ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Purpose: Perioperative pregabalin administration has been found to reduce the risk of persistent pain after a variety of surgical procedures. However, this approach has not been tested in relation to eye surgery. As such, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether perioperative pregabalin can reduce the presence of dry eye (DE) symptoms, including eye pain, six months after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: Prospective, masked, randomized single-center pilot study. Patients were treated with either pregabalin (oral solution of pregabalin 150 mg twice daily, first dose prior to surgery, continued for a total of 28 doses over 14 days) or placebo solution. The primary outcome was dry eye symptoms as measured by the Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 (DEQ-5). Secondary outcome measures included pain-related eye symptoms. Results: In total, 43 individuals were enrolled in the study and randomized to pregabalin (n = 21) or placebo (n = 22). Of those, 42 individuals completed the final visit after six months of follow-up. Some differences were noted between the two groups at baseline, including a higher frequency of females in the pregabalin group. At 6-months, there were no significant differences in the percentage of patients with DE symptoms (DEQ5 ≥ 6, 57% vs. 33%, p = 0.14), DE symptom severity (DEQ5, 6.6 ± 5.0 vs. 4.5 ± 4.2, p = 0.14), ocular pain intensity (numerical rating scale, 1.10 ± 1.48 vs. 0.38 ± 0.97, p = 0.08), or neuropathic pain complaints (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory-Eye, 2.81 ± 4.07 vs. 3.14 ± 5.85, p = 0.83) between the pregabalin and control groups. Ocular signs were likewise similar between the groups, and of note, did not correlate with DE symptoms. The strongest predictor of DE symptoms six months post-surgery was the presence of DE symptoms prior to surgery. Conclusions: Perioperative pregabalin did not reduce the frequency or severity of DE symptoms at a six month follow-up after LASIK in this small pilot study.

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Prevalence of dry eye symptoms and its risk factors among patients of King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital (Taif), Saudi Arabia

Saudi Journal for Health Sciences ◽

10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_90_17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

AbdulrahmanAhmad Alzahrani ◽

AbdulmohsenHamad Alhamyani ◽

ReemMohammed Noor Kalakattawi ◽

AfnanMohammed Noor Kalakattawi ◽

AbdulazizHamad Alhamyani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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Dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among adults aged 50 or more years in Central Mexico

Salud Pública de México ◽

10.21149/9024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (5, sep-oct) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Enrique O Graue-Hernández ◽

Juan Carlos Serna-Ojeda ◽

Carlos Estrada-Reyes ◽

Alejandro Navas ◽

Jesus Arrieta-Camacho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye symptoms in a Saudi Arabian population

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.4103/meajo.meajo_281_16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

AbdulazizA Alshamrani ◽

AbdulwahabS Almousa ◽

AbdulrahmanA Almulhim ◽

AbdullahA Alafaleq ◽

MohammedB Alosaimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Saudi Arabian ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Arabian Population ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye symptoms: a population based study in Indonesia

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjo.86.12.1347 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (12) ◽

pp. 1347-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

A J Lee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for dry eye disease among Brazilian undergraduate students

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259399

Author(s):

Isabela Yang ◽

Tais Wakamatsu ◽

Isabella Batistela Inhesta Sacho ◽

José Henrique Fazzi ◽

Asafe César de Aquino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Health Study ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Related Risk ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Symptoms

Purpose Dry eye is a common, complex, and multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film that results in discomfort and visual disturbances. Prevalence rates vary and largely rely on studies involving older populations. This study sought to evaluate dry eye among a sample of young students in Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional survey included 2,140 students using 2 self-applicable questionnaires of dry eye symptoms: the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the Women’s Health Study (WHS) questionnaire and a list of risk factors associated with dry eye. Participants with dry eye symptoms underwent a clinical evaluation. Results Participants were 23.4±5.2 years of age, 56.1% female and 43.9% male, 34.4% had an OSDI score greater than 22, and 23.5% had dry eye according to the WHS. Dry eye frequency differed consistently between the sexes: 42.6% women and 24.0% men based on the OSDI, and 27.1% women and 18.5% men based on the WHS. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that female sex, contact lens wear, the screen use for more than 6 hours per day, less than 6 hours of sleep a night, and certain medications were relevant related risk factors for dry eye. Despite symptoms, clinical evaluations demonstrated mild signs of dry eye. Conclusions Dry eye symptoms were found to be a prevalent condition among Brazilian undergraduate students. Compared to the rates of dry eye among the general Brazilian population over 40 years of age, students present at higher dry eye symptoms rates and distinct odds for related risk factors were identified.

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