scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Virus Activity of Rift Valley Fever in Cattle in Eastern Region of Democratic Republic of the Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshilenge M. Georges ◽  
Masumu Justin ◽  
Mbao Victor ◽  
Kayembe Jean Marie ◽  
Rweyemamu Mark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
South Kivu ◽  
North Kivu

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that is characterized by periodic and severe outbreaks in humans and animals. Published information on the occurrence of RVF in domestic animals is very scarce in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To assess possible circulation of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cattle in the eastern province of DRC, 450 sera collected from cattle in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri provinces were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the detection of viral Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and M, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), for detection of viral RVF RNA. A cumulative anti-RVF IgG prevalence of 6.22% (95% CI 4.25–8.97) was recorded from the three provinces sampled. In North Kivu and Ituri provinces the anti-RVF IgG prevalence was 12.67% [95% CI 7.80–19.07] and 6% [95% CI 2.78–11.08], respectively, while all the sera collected from South Kivu province were negative for anti-RVF IgG antibodies. Anti-RVF IgM prevalence of 1.8% was obtained among sampled animals in the three provinces. None of the positive anti-RVF IgM samples (n=8) was positive for viral RVFV RNA using RT-PCR. Our findings suggest that RVFV is widely distributed among cattle in eastern province of DRC particularly in North Kivu and Ituri provinces although the epidemiological factors supporting this virus circulation remain unknown in these areas.

scholarly journals Rift Valley fever virus in small ruminants in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges M. Tshilenge ◽  
Mfumu L.K Mulumba ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Rob Noad ◽  
William G. Dundon
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the RVF phlebovirus (RVFV) that infects a variety of animal species including sheep and goats. Sera (n = 893) collected between 2013 and 2015 from randomly selected indigenous sheep and goats in seven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) were tested for the presence of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) against RVFV, using two commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also used to detect RVFV nucleic acid. There was significant variation in true seroprevalence of RVFV for both sheep and goats between the seven provinces investigated. Values ranged from 0.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0–6.55) to 23.81 (95% CI 12.03–41.76) for goat and 0.0 (95% CI 0.0–7.56) to 37.11 (95% CI 15.48–65.94) for sheep, respectively. One serum (1.85%) out of 54 that tested positive for IgG was found to be IgM-positive. This same sample was also positive by RT-PCR indicating an active or recent infection. These findings report the presence of RVFV in small ruminants in the DRC for the first time and indicate variations in exposure to the virus in different parts of the country.

scholarly journals Detection of the Northeastern African Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage During the 2015 Outbreak in Mauritania

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndeye Sakha Bob ◽  
Hampâté Bâ ◽  
Gamou Fall ◽  
Elkhalil Ishagh ◽  
Mamadou Y. Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute viral anthropozoonosis that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Multiple emergences and reemergences of the virus have occurred in Mauritania over the last decade. This article describes the outbreak that occurred in 2015 in Mauritania and reports the results of serological and molecular investigations of blood samples collected from suspected RVF patients. Methods An RVF outbreak was reported from 14 September to 26 November 2015 in Mauritania. Overall, 184 suspected cases from different localities were identified by 26 health facilities. Blood samples were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD). Sequencing of partial genomes and phylogenetic analyses were performed on RT-PCR–positive samples. As part of routine surveillance at IPD, samples were also screened for dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses by ELISA and RT-PCR. Results Of the 184 suspected cases, there were 57 confirmed cases and 12 deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences indicated an emergence of a virus that originated from Northeastern Africa. Our results show co-circulation of other arboviruses in Mauritania—dengue, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and West Nile viruses. Conclusion The Northeastern Africa lineage of RVF was responsible for the outbreak in Mauritania in 2015. Co-circulation of multiples arboviruses was detected. This calls for systematic differential diagnosis and highlights the need to strengthen arbovirus surveillance in Africa.

scholarly journals Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage H from South Africa through Syndromic Sentinel Surveillance Network in Senegal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndeye Sakha Bob ◽  
Mamadou Aliou Barry ◽  
Moussa Moise Diagne ◽  
Martin Faye ◽  
Marie Henriette Dior Ndione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Valley Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arbovirus that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Our surveillance system has revealed multiple emergences and re-emergences of RVFV in West Africa over the last decade. Methods In Senegal a sentinel syndromic surveillance network (4S) has been implemented since 2011. Samples from human suspected arbovirus infection in 4S sentinel sites were sent to Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD) where arbovirus diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and virus isolation were performed. Overall, IPD has received a total of 1,149 samples from arboviral suspected patients through the 4S network from January to December 2020. These samples were screened for seven arboviruses including RVFV. Whole genome sequencing of positive RVFV samples by RT-PCR were performed using Illumina Miseq platform followed by genome assembly. Phylogenetic analysis were performed using MEGA X. Results Out of the 1,149 arbovirus suspected cases, four RVFV positive samples were detected with RT-PCR while five RVFV positive samples were detected by ELISA. Complete genome sequences were obtained for three strains among the four positive samples by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses indicated an emergence of a virus first described in South Africa during a major outbreak. Conclusion Strong surveillance system allowed the detection of RVFV outbreak in Senegal in 2020. The obtained genomes clustered with strains from South Africa belonging to lineage H. This calls for an implementation of a strong surveillance system in wild animals, humans, and livestock simultaneously in all African Countrries.

scholarly journals Immunogeno: Protective mechanism for Rift Valley fever in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Tshilenge
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Ig G

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute, fever causing viral disease that affects domestic animals and humans. In Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this pathology is not well documented. No epidemic of the RVF has not been reported but sera samples collected in six provinces surveyed from 2005 to 2006 revealed 14% of apparent prevalence and, high apparent prevalence (20%) of antibodies against RVF virus was reported in Katanga Province during the same survey; this serological evidence was associated with abortions cases in Cattle (Mulumba et al. 2009). Livestock immunisation is important for control of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) epidemics; however immunisation of susceptible domestic animals in endemic countries does not protect animals against the clinical disease but prevents the propagation of virus to human population through reduction of the amplification degree in host animals. The humoral immunity is sufficient for protection for animals as well as for humans. The infection caused by RVFV leads to neutralisation of the immunity of the animal (Barnard 1979).Various immunological studies have been made on the characterisation of immune response during RVFV epidemics but, until now several studies have been concentrated on the response of the innate immune particularly based on signal interferon system than the response of the adaptive immune and cell mediated humoral immune. The available information on the immune response related to RVFV does not seem to provide enough information on various mechanisms of the response immune system.The aim of the study is based on mechanism of immune response system including protective effect of immunisation against RVFV. In addition, epidemiological and molecular studies will be assessed. As a matter of fact, following studies will be conducted:• evaluation of the immunological protection against Rift Valley fever in vaccinated and non- vaccinated cattle using IgG and IgM ELISAs in Katanga Province• assessment of cellular response to Rift Valley fever disease in vaccinated and naturally infected cattle• molecular characterisation of RVFV strains circulating in vaccinated and non vaccinated cattle• assessment of protective effect related to vaccinal strains in cattle, using a longitudinal survey.The studies will be carried out Northern Katanga Province within two areas, one with historyof circulation of RVFV and other without history RVFV circulation.Whole blood, spleen, liver, lymph node will be collected as target tissues from cattle carcasses. In addition, goats and sheeps samples will be collected alongside from each area in order to clarify the disease situation. Serological tests based on the detection of Ig M and Ig G will be used. DIVA tests, LAMP, and IHC techniques will be used. Within previously vaccinated areas in the above mentioned areas and those that are not vaccinated, the collected samples will be analysed using RT-PCR/RT-LAMP.In vitro experimental studies systems will be carried out using animal PMBCs that will be infected with wild type of RVF virus as well as with vaccinal strains, such as clones 13 and MP12 to characterise various cell types such as CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B-cells, NK cells and, macrophages will be studied with regard to activation and apoptosis signals on various post – infection days, using flow cytometry. A pool of animals will be vaccinated with the Clone 13 and another with the MP12 to determine the traceability. The monitoring of the immune response will be done through the measurement of immunoglobulin G (Ig G) and immunoglobulin M (Ig M). RT-PCR, spectrophotometer or Facs methods will be used for the dosage of cells T CD4 + and Cell T CD8+.

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in cattle in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Mbuyi Tshilenge ◽  
William G. Dundon ◽  
Marco De Nardi ◽  
Leopold K. Mulumba Mfumu ◽  
Mark Rweyemamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

scholarly journals A Single-Tube RT-PCR Amplification for Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham W. Salim ◽  
Khairalla M.S. Khairalla ◽  
Awadalkareem A. Eljamal ◽  
Abdelrahim E. Karrar ◽  
Imadeldin E. Aradaib
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Single Tube

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Rift Valley fever in cattle and selected wildlife species at the livestock/wildlife interface areas of Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masimba Ndengu ◽  
Gift Matope ◽  
Musavengana Tivapasi ◽  
Davies M. Pfukenyi ◽  
Catherine Cetre-Sossah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Porous Interface ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

A study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in cattle and some selected wildlife species at selected interface areas at the periphery of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in Zimbabwe. Three study sites were selected based on the type of livestock–wildlife interface: porous livestock–wildlife interface (unrestricted); non-porous livestock–wildlife interface (restricted by fencing) and livestock–wildlife non-interface (totally absent contact or control). Sera were collected from cattle aged ≥ 2 years representing both female and intact male. Sera were also collected from selected wild ungulates from Mabalauta (porous interface) and Chipinda Pools (non-interface) areas of the Gonarezhou National Park. Sera were tested for antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. AX2 test was used to assess differences between categories, and p 0.05 was considered as significant. In cattle, the overall seroprevalence was 1.7% (17/1011) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.7). The porous interface recorded a seroprevalence of 2.3% (95% CI: 1.2–4.3), the non-porous interface recorded a prevalence of 1.8% (95% CI: 0.7–4.3) and the non-interface area recorded a seroprevalence of 0.4% (955 CI: 0.02–2.5), but the difference in seroprevalence according to site was not significant (p 0.05). All impala and kudu samples tested negative. The overall seroprevalence in buffaloes was 11.7% (95% CI: 6.6–19.5), and there was no significant (p = 0.38) difference between the sites (Mabalauta, 4.4% [95% CI: 0.2–24] vs. Chipinda, 13.6% [95% CI: 7.6–23]). The overall seroprevalence in buffaloes (11.7%, 13/111) was significantly (p 0.0001) higher than in cattle (1.7%, 17/1011). The results established the presence of RVFV in cattle and selected wildlife and that sylvatic infections may be present in buffalo populations. Further studies are required to investigate if the virus is circulating between cattle and wildlife.

scholarly journals Severe Human Illness Caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boushab Mohamed Boushab ◽  
Fatima Zahra Fall-Malick ◽  
Sidi El Wafi Ould Baba ◽  
Mohamed Lemine Ould Salem ◽  
Marie Roseline Darnycka Belizaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Valley Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley Fever epizootics are characterized by numerous abortions and mortality among young animals. In humans, the illness is usually characterized by a mild self-limited febrile illness, which could progress to more serious complications.Objectives. The aim of the present prospective study was to describe severe clinical signs and symptoms of Rift Valley Fever in southern Mauritania. Patients and methods Suspected cases were enrolled in Kiffa (Assaba) and Aleg (Brakna) Hospital Centers from September 1 to November 7, 2015, based on the presence of fever, hemorrhagic or meningoencephalitic syndromes, and probable contact with sick animals. Suspected cases were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results There were thirty-one confirmed cases. The sex ratio M/F and the average age were 2.9 and 25 years old [range, 4-70 years old], respectively. Mosquito bites, direct contact with aborted or dead animals, and frequent ingestion of milk from these animals were risk factors observed in all patients. Hemorrhagic and neurological manifestations were observed in 81% and 13% of cases, respectively. The results of laboratory analysis showed high levels of transaminases, creatinine, and urea associated with thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukopenia. All patients who died (42%) had a hemorrhagic syndrome and 3 of them had a neurological complication. Among the cured patients, none had neurologic sequelae. Conclusion The hemorrhagic form was the most common clinical manifestation of RVF found in southern Mauritania and was responsible for a high mortality rate. Our results justify the implementation of a continuous epidemiological surveillance.

scholarly journals Development of a Rift Valley fever real-time RT-PCR assay that can detect all three genome segments

2013 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Wilson ◽  
Marco Romito ◽  
Dane C. Jasperson ◽  
Hana Weingartl ◽  
Yatinder S. Binepal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Valley Fever
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