scholarly journals A Review of Supernumerary Teeth in the Premolar Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Khaled Khalaf ◽  
Saaid Al Shehadat ◽  
Colin A. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
Dental Lamina ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Supernumerary teeth in the premolar region, unlike other supernumeraries, occur more often in the mandible where they are generally of the supplemental type. Occasionally, they are conical or smaller than normal, particularly in the upper premolar regions. They might occur singly or in multiples, be erupted or impacted, but the majority have been found to be unerupted and asymptomatic. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the premolar region has been demonstrated to be between 0.01 and 1 percent depending on the population studied. Interestingly, populations from the East or Africa are known to be the most affected. Various theories have been suggested to explain the etiology of supernumerary teeth in general including both genetic and environmental factors. Furthermore, it has been suggested that supernumerary premolar teeth belong to a third (postpermanent) series, developing from extensions of the dental lamina. Several consequences can result from the presence of supernumerary premolars, especially in the mandible, such as cyst formation, transposition, and other clinical scenarios.

Palatally erupted twin mesiodens - A case report with literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Karthik J Kabbur ◽  
Hemanth M ◽  
Preeti Patil ◽  
Ramnarayan B K ◽  
Reshma Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
Supernumerary Tooth ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Dental Lamina ◽  
Delayed Eruption

Mesiodens is the most common supernumerary tooth and is present in the midline between the two central incisors. It occurs mostly due to hyperactivity of the dental lamina. They are usually small, with a cone shaped crown and a short root, may be single or paired, erupted or impacted and occasionally even be inverted. Presence of more than one mesiodens is termed as mesiodentes. Presence of mesiodens may cause impaction or delayed eruption of permanent teeth, malocclusion leading to disturbance in chewing, swallowing and speech, root resorption of the adjacent teeth, impaired dentofacial aesthetics, and sometimes cyst formation. The erupted mesiodens can be easily diagnosed clinically, and the unerupted ones are best diagnosed by clinical and radiological evaluation. Although mesiodens is the most common supernumerary teeth, presence of double mesiodens is uncommon. In this paper we describe a case of palatally erupted double mesiodens and its management in a 20year old girl.

scholarly journals The prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients in western region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
Anjana Karmacharya ◽  
Dashrath Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Background: Mesiodens are supernumerary teeth present in the midline of the maxilla. Aims and Objective: The present study was conducted to know the prevalence of mesiodens among children aged 5 to 14 years in Pokhara, Nepal. Materials and Methods: Data was collected from 1194 orthodontic patients coming to the department of Dentistry, in Manipal Teaching Hospital from 2009 till 2019. The files were reviewed to know the prevalence, demography and the complications associated with the presence of mesiodens. Results: Our results showed that the prevalence of mesiodens was 2.84% in our population. The prevalence was significantly more among males. Children aged 10-14 years presented more than the children aged 5-10 years. Though, there were complications associated with the presence of mesiodens, none of them were symptomatic. Conclusions: Mesiodens is the most common form of supernumerary teeth in the pediatric patients which occurs as a result of genetic and environmental factors. Their early diagnosis can reduce the treatment required and therefore prevent development of associated problems in the future.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

The Association Between Chronic Disease and Psychological Distress: An Australian Twin Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Jessica Tyler ◽  
Janine Lam ◽  
Katrina Scurrah ◽  
Gillian Dite
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Distress Scale

AbstractThere is a commonly observed association between chronic disease and psychological distress, but many potential factors could confound this association. This study investigated the association using a powerful twin study design that can control for unmeasured confounders that are shared between twins, including genetic and environmental factors. We used twin-paired cross-sectional data from the Adult Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire collected by Twins Research Australia from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression models fitted using maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) were used to test the association between self-reported chronic disease status and psychological distress, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). When comparing between twin pairs, having any chronic disease was associated with a 1.29 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.66; p < .001). When comparing twins within a pair, having any chronic disease was associated with a 0.36 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.71; p = .049). This within-pair estimate is of most interest as comparing twins within a pair naturally controls for shared factors such as genes, age and shared lived experiences. Whereas the between-pair estimate does not. The weaker effect found within pairs tells us that genetic and environmental factors shared between twins confounds the relationship between chronic disease and psychological distress. This suggests that associations found in unrelated samples may show exaggerated estimates.

scholarly journals Association of a dysbiotic oral microbiota with the development of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis in IκB-ζ-deficient mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junho Lee ◽  
Jehan Alam ◽  
Eunji Choi ◽  
Yeon Kyeong Ko ◽  
Ahreum Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Mice lacking IκB-ζ, a protein encoded by the Nfkbiz gene, spontaneously develop a Sjögren’s syndrome-like disease involving the lachrymal glands, but no salivary gland symptoms have been reported. We found that Nfkbiz−/− female mice presented a significantly reduced salivary flow rate, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS), and a dysbiotic oral microbiota at week 24. To dissect the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the salivary gland phenotype, Nfkbiz+/+ and Nfkbiz−/− mice were cohoused after weaning and evaluated at week 20. Cohousing alleviated the salivary gland phenotype of Nfkbiz−/− mice but did not induce any disease phenotype in Nfkbiz+/+ mice. Additionally, the oral microbiota in the cohoused mice was synchronized toward that in Nfkbiz+/+ mice. In conclusion, IκB-ζ-deficient mice developed hyposalivation and FLS, in which a dysbiotic oral microbiota played an important role. This finding suggests that the dysbiotic oral microbiota could be a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals The Relation of Genetic and Environmental Factors to Systemic Inflammatory Biomarker Concentrations

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate B. Schnabel ◽  
Kathryn L. Lunetta ◽  
Martin G. Larson ◽  
Josée Dupuis ◽  
Izabella Lipinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors
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