scholarly journals Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Enoch Odame Anto ◽  
Christian Obirikorang ◽  
Emmanuel Acheampong ◽  
Bright Amankwaa ◽  
Bright Oppong Afranie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Urine Dipstick ◽  
Total Lymphocyte ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

We evaluated the individual and combined levels of urine dipstick and total lymphocyte count (TLC) as surrogate markers for CD4 count in a low-resource community in Ghana. This cross-sectional study recruited 200 HIV-infected patients from the Saint Francis Xavier Hospital, Assin Fosu, Ghana. Complete blood count, CD4 count, and urine dipstick analysis were measured for participants. The threshold values were determined as <350 cells/μl for CD4, <1200 cells/μl for TLC, and ≥+ on urine dipstick analysis. The mean age of participants was 43.09 years. Proteinuria ≥ + [aOR = 4.30 (3.0–18.5)], leukocyturia ≥ + [aOR = 2.91 (1.33–12.5)], hematuria ≥ + [aOR = 2.30 (1.08–9.64)], and TLC < 1200 cells/μl [aOR = 3.26 (3.94–15.29)] were significantly associated with increased risk of CD4 count < 350 cells/μl. Using the individual markers, the best substitute marker for predicting CD4 count < 350 cells/μl was proteinuria at a cutoff point ≥ 2++, AUC of 0.973, sensitivity of 97.6%, specificity of 100.0%, PPV of 100.0%, and NPV of 89.1%. A combination of ≤ 1200 TLC + ≥ 2++ (leukocyturia + proteinuria + hematuria) yielded an AUC of 0.980, sensitivity (72.8%), specificity (100.0%), PPV (100.0%), and NPV (97.9%). Proteinuria could serve as a noninvasive screening tool, but the combination of proteinuria, leukocyturia, hematuria, and TLC serves as a better substitute marker for CD4 count in monitoring the disease progression among HIV patients in low-resource communities.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Haemoglobin, and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Surrogate for CD4 Count in Resource Limited Settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Boafo Kwantwi ◽  
Bismark Kwame Tunu ◽  
Daniel Boateng ◽  
Dan Yedu Quansah
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Lymphocyte

Background. In view of the lack of evidence on the possibility of an economically viable, easy, and readily available biomarker to substitute the traditional role of CD4 counts in HIV disease progression, this study seeks to investigate the potential use of body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin (Hb), and total lymphocyte count (TLC) as surrogate biomarkers for monitoring the disease. Methods. This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the antiretroviral clinic (ART) of the Bomso Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. We recruited 384 individuals who were 18 years or older and confirmed HIV seropositive patients. Blood samples were assayed for TLC and Hb. Weight and height were determined and BMI was calculated. Result. At a cut-off point of 12.15 g/dL, Hb had sensitivity and specificity of 73.9% and 56.8%, respectively, whereas BMI had 69.6% and 80.1% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were also 100% among the studied participants at a cut-off point of 1200 mm−3 for TLC. There was a significant positive correlation between CD4 count and Hb (rho 0.262, p=0.0001), BMI (rho 0.301, p=0.0001), and TLC (rho 0.834, p=0.0001). Conclusion. The study demonstrates that TLC, Hb, and BMI may provide some useful prognostic information independent of that provided by CD4 count.

scholarly journals Correlation of Total Lymphocyte Count with CD4 Count in HIV/AIDS Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardo Sanjaya ◽  
Christine Sugiarto ◽  
Ronald Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Lymphocyte ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV infection is a chronic infection of the immune system with a target of CD4 cells. Total lymphocyte count (TLC) can be done in resource-limited areas and are able to be used as a substitute to CD4 count. An increase in CD8 count can disturb the correlation between CD4 and TLC especially during the late clinical stage.Objective of this research is to find out the correlation of total lymphocyte count with CD4 count and to find out the influence of the clinical staging on the correlation of total lymphocyte count and CD4 count.This study is an observational, analytical and cross sectional study using the medical records of Klinik Teratai RSHS Bandung. The data is sorted according to the WHO clinical staging and are analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Fisher’s transformation with α=0.05. The results showed that TLC have a correlation with CD4 count in all stadiums (r: 0,501-0,684, p<0,01). There is no significant difference of the correlation coefficients between the clinical stages (p>0.05). There is a correlation between TLC and CD4 count on HIV infected patients and there is no significant decrease of correlation of TLC and CD4 count on HIV infected patients with worsening of the WHO clinical stages. Keywords: CD4 count, total lymphocyte count, HIV/AIDS

Correlation analysis on total lymphocyte count and CD4 count of HIV-infected patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Liu ◽  
F. Guo ◽  
J. J. Ye ◽  
C. F. Xiong ◽  
P. L. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte

scholarly journals Total lymphocyte count as a tool for timing opportunistic infection prophylaxis in resource-limited settings: a study from India

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenivasan Srirangaraj ◽  
Dasegowda Venkatesha
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Total Lymphocyte ◽  
Resource Limited

Introduction: In resource-limited settings, due to the high cost of CD4 cell count testing, physicians must decide about opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis without a laboratory evaluation of HIV stage and level of immune suppression. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of total lymphocyte count (TLC), an inexpensive laboratory parameter, to CD4 count, and to determine a range of TLC cut-offs for the initiation of OI prophylaxis that is appropriate for resource-limited settings. Methodology: Spearman correlation between CD4 count and TLC was assessed in patients attending the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre at Mysore, India. Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity of various TLC cut-offs were computed for CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm3. Correlation and statistical indices were computed for all patients and for HIV patients with active tuberculosis. Results: Good correlation was noted between the 106 paired TLC and CD4 counts (r = 0.3497).TLC < 1200cells/mm3 had 88.14% sensitivity and 34.78% specificity for CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3. In those patients with active tuberculosis, TLC< 2000cells/mm3 had 95.24% sensitivity and 100% specificity for CD4 count < 200cells/ mm3. Conclusions: TLC could serve as a low-cost tool for determining when to initiate prophylaxis in resource-constrained settings.

Correlation Between Total Lymphocyte Count, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and CD4 Count in HIV Patients in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Iheanyichi Emuchay ◽  
Shemaiah Olufemi Okeniyi ◽  
Joshua Olusegun Okeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Total Lymphocyte
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