Correlation of Total Lymphocyte Count with CD4 Count  in HIV/AIDS Patients

HIV infection is a chronic infection of the immune system with a target of CD4 cells. Total lymphocyte count (TLC) can be done in resource-limited areas and are able to be used as a substitute to CD4 count. An increase in CD8 count can disturb the correlation between CD4 and TLC especially during the late clinical stage.Objective of this research is to find out the correlation of total lymphocyte count with CD4 count and to find out the influence of the clinical staging on the correlation of total lymphocyte count and CD4 count.This study is an observational, analytical and cross sectional study using the medical records of Klinik Teratai RSHS Bandung. The data is sorted according to the WHO clinical staging and are analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Fisher’s transformation with α=0.05. The results showed that TLC have a correlation with CD4 count in all stadiums (r: 0,501-0,684, p<0,01). There is no significant difference of the correlation coefficients between the clinical stages (p>0.05). There is a correlation between TLC and CD4 count on HIV infected patients and there is no significant decrease of correlation of TLC and CD4 count on HIV infected patients with worsening of the WHO clinical stages. Keywords: CD4 count, total lymphocyte count, HIV/AIDS

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Body Mass Index, Haemoglobin, and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Surrogate for CD4 Count in Resource Limited Settings

Journal of Biomarkers ◽

10.1155/2017/7907352 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Louis Boafo Kwantwi ◽

Bismark Kwame Tunu ◽

Daniel Boateng ◽

Dan Yedu Quansah

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Total Lymphocyte Count ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Traditional Role ◽

Prognostic Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Lymphocyte

Background. In view of the lack of evidence on the possibility of an economically viable, easy, and readily available biomarker to substitute the traditional role of CD4 counts in HIV disease progression, this study seeks to investigate the potential use of body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin (Hb), and total lymphocyte count (TLC) as surrogate biomarkers for monitoring the disease. Methods. This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the antiretroviral clinic (ART) of the Bomso Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. We recruited 384 individuals who were 18 years or older and confirmed HIV seropositive patients. Blood samples were assayed for TLC and Hb. Weight and height were determined and BMI was calculated. Result. At a cut-off point of 12.15 g/dL, Hb had sensitivity and specificity of 73.9% and 56.8%, respectively, whereas BMI had 69.6% and 80.1% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were also 100% among the studied participants at a cut-off point of 1200 mm−3 for TLC. There was a significant positive correlation between CD4 count and Hb (rho 0.262, p=0.0001), BMI (rho 0.301, p=0.0001), and TLC (rho 0.834, p=0.0001). Conclusion. The study demonstrates that TLC, Hb, and BMI may provide some useful prognostic information independent of that provided by CD4 count.

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Total Lymfosit Count (TLC) with CD4 in HIV/AIDS Patients at Kupang

Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium ◽

10.29238/teknolabjournal.v8i2.189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

Adrianus Ola Wuan ◽

Ayorince Herlinalt Gloria Banunu ◽

Norma Tiku Kambuno

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Total Lymphocyte Count ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Lymphocyte ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Limited Health ◽

Hiv Aids

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus originating from the retroviridae family of the genus lentivirus that infects and damages cells that have a molecule Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4), especially T lymphocytes that have receptors with high affinity for HIV. Total lymphocyte count / TLC has been proposed as an alternative guide to CD4 in limited health facilities. This study aims to determine the correlation between Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) and CD4 in HIV/AIDS patients in the W.Z. Johannes Kupang hospital. The type of this research was observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted on 121 samples of patients who performed CD4 examination and Total Lymphocytic Count (TLC) in the laboratory of W.Z.Johannes Kupang Hospital. The Spearman correlation test shows a significance value of 0,000 with a Spearman correlation value of 0.799. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between Total Lymphocyte Count and CD4 and shows the direction of positive correlation with a very strong relationship, where the increase in the number of Total Lymphocyte Count is in line with the increase in CD4 counts.

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Evaluation of Individual and Combined Markers of Urine Dipstick Parameters and Total Lymphocyte Count as a Substitute for CD4 Count in Low-Resource Communities in Ghana

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2018/7485942 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Enoch Odame Anto ◽

Christian Obirikorang ◽

Emmanuel Acheampong ◽

Bright Amankwaa ◽

Bright Oppong Afranie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Total Lymphocyte Count ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Resource ◽

Urine Dipstick ◽

Total Lymphocyte ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Individual

We evaluated the individual and combined levels of urine dipstick and total lymphocyte count (TLC) as surrogate markers for CD4 count in a low-resource community in Ghana. This cross-sectional study recruited 200 HIV-infected patients from the Saint Francis Xavier Hospital, Assin Fosu, Ghana. Complete blood count, CD4 count, and urine dipstick analysis were measured for participants. The threshold values were determined as <350 cells/μl for CD4, <1200 cells/μl for TLC, and ≥+ on urine dipstick analysis. The mean age of participants was 43.09 years. Proteinuria ≥ + [aOR = 4.30 (3.0–18.5)], leukocyturia ≥ + [aOR = 2.91 (1.33–12.5)], hematuria ≥ + [aOR = 2.30 (1.08–9.64)], and TLC < 1200 cells/μl [aOR = 3.26 (3.94–15.29)] were significantly associated with increased risk of CD4 count < 350 cells/μl. Using the individual markers, the best substitute marker for predicting CD4 count < 350 cells/μl was proteinuria at a cutoff point ≥ 2++, AUC of 0.973, sensitivity of 97.6%, specificity of 100.0%, PPV of 100.0%, and NPV of 89.1%. A combination of ≤ 1200 TLC + ≥ 2++ (leukocyturia + proteinuria + hematuria) yielded an AUC of 0.980, sensitivity (72.8%), specificity (100.0%), PPV (100.0%), and NPV (97.9%). Proteinuria could serve as a noninvasive screening tool, but the combination of proteinuria, leukocyturia, hematuria, and TLC serves as a better substitute marker for CD4 count in monitoring the disease progression among HIV patients in low-resource communities.

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PREDIKSI JUMLAH SEL LIMFOSIT T CD4+ MENGGUNAKAN NILAI TLC (TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNT) PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v14i2.902 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Rostina Rostina ◽

Suci Aprianti ◽

Mansyur Arif

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Total Lymphocyte Count ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cut Point ◽

Total Lymphocyte ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Hiv Aids

AIDS is a severe disease caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that affects patient’s immune system, especially CD4+ Tcells (CD4). Hence, CD4 count is used as parameter to starting ARV treatment or monitoring the progress of the disease. However, themeasurement of CD4 is expensive and available in big hospitals. In small or remote hospitals there are no means to measure the CD4.Some studies suggest that in an area where CD4 count is unavailable, the total lymphocyte count (TLC) of HIV/AIDS patients can roughlybe used to predict CD4 values. This study is aimed to see whether the TLC values can be used to roughly predict the CD4 count of HIV/AIDS patients and to formulate the correlation form between them. A cross sectional study design was applied to 79 blood samples ofHIV/AIDS patients from Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January to September 2007. The bloodsamples were tested for TLC as well as CD4 values. The correlation of TLC and CD4 values was tested with Pearson Correlation Test andthe correlation formula was derived from curve estimation of Regression Analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of various cutpoint of TLC (1000, 1200, 1500, 2000) to predict CD4 < 200/ul were determined using cross tabulation Fisher Exact Test. A positivecorrelation was found between TLC and CD4 count (R = 0.528, p < 0.001) with the regression formula is CD4 = 0.09TLC – 1.42.The WHO standard cut point TLC1200/ul give best result for sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV: 80.6%, 91.7%, 98.2% and 45.8%,respectively. The cut point of TLC1200 can be used to roughly predict CD4 < 200/ul of HIV/AIDS patients, so, can be use as a mark forstarting ARV therapy in the place were measurement of CD4 is unavailable

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Perbandingan Efek Pemberian Emulsi Kedelai dan Emulsi Tempe Terhadap Hitung Limfosit Total pada Tikus Putih yang Telah Diberi Prednison

Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran ◽

10.26891/jik.v5i1.2011.56-62 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Rizka Bekti Nurcahyani ◽

Imelda T Pardede ◽

Huriatul Masdar

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Total Lymphocyte Count ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Adequate Nutrition ◽

White Rats ◽

Total Lymphocyte ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Adequate nutrition is one of important factors in immunodeficiency repairment. Soybean and tempeh contains proteins,zinc, ferrum, vitamins and isoflavon. Fermentation in tempeh makes it having better nutrients digestion and absorptionthan soybean. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of soy and tempeh emulsions on total lymphocytecount in rats treated with prednisone. The test was done on 24 male white rats divided into four groups. Group A wasgiven distilled water and group B, C and D had prednisone 2.5 mg/day for 6 days. After that, group A and B werecontinued having distilled water while groups C or D was fed with soy or tempeh emulsion 0.71 mL/day for 10 days,respectively. The results shown that soy and tempeh emulsion could increase total lymphocyte count significantly (p <0,05) but there was no significant difference of total lymphocyte count between soy and tempeh emulsion groups (p >0,05).

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Undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-020-00486-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsegu Hailu Gebru ◽

Haftea Hagos Mekonen ◽

Kbrom Gemechu Kiros

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Clinical Staging ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eastern Zone ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Undernutrition and HIV/AIDS are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia inclusive as linked in a vicious cycle. Thus, several studies have documented that undernutrition among HIV/AIDS patients increases the risk of mortality, decrease survival rates, affect the overall clinical outcome and quality of life. Despite this fact, information about the burden of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy is lacking in the particular study area. Hence, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIADS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy patients in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional research design was adopted in data collection while systematic sampling technique was employed to sample and select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 394 study subjects through face to face method. Also, data on demographics, laboratory and anthropometric variables were collected from each selected patients sampled. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval were used to find factors associated with undernutrition. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated to show the strength of the association. Variables with p-value of < 0.05 were considered statically significant. Results The mean age of the respondents was 41 (± 10). Out of 394 study respondents, about 42.9% of them were undernourished (95% CI: 37.8–47.7). Respondents who had CD4+ count less than 200 cells/μl (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1–3.36), being advanced clinical staging (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.11–6.18), and not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.21–4.6) were independently associated with undernutrition. Conclusion The result of this study indicated that the prevalence of undernutrition was high. Respondents with advanced clinical stage of CD4+ count less than 200 cells/ul and those that were not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy was found to be positively associated with undernutrition. Therefore, the implementation of nutritional programs is very crucial to improve the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients in the particular study.

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