scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Differentiated Per-Lane Speed Limits on Traffic Safety of Freeways with Considering the Compliance Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyu Liu ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Incident Rate ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This is a subsequent study of a two-lane cellular automata (CA) traffic simulation model proposed by the authors. The current study focused on understanding the impacts of the configuration of the differentiated per-lane speed limit (DPLSL) and its compliance rate on traffic safety indexes, including lane-changing frequency, the coefficient of variation of speed, and incident rate of dangerous situations. The results indicate that freeway sections with DPLSL, especially the ones with complex DPLSL, have potentials to reduce the speed variation, lane changing frequencies, and chances of dangerous situations, resulting in higher traffic safety levels. Furthermore, under DPLSL configurations, the compliance rate of the lane of slow vehicles could positively affect the traffic safety levels. Specifically, as the decrease of the compliance rate, lane changing frequency slightly increases, the coefficient variation of speed especially of the outer lane increases, and the incident rate of the overtaking-on-the-right circumstances increases. In contrast to the simple DPLSL, freeway segments with the complex DPLSL configuration are more sensitive to the influence of the compliance rate.

A New Highway Safety Model Based on Cellular Automata

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2340-2343
Author(s):  
Li Xing Li
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Right ◽  
Energy Conservation Law

With the growth of the total mileage of highway. There is great importance in studying highway safety. At the present time, there are little research on traffic safety with the consideration of the Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule, which requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle. Based on Cellular Automata, this paper constructs a new model of highway safety with the consideration of the particular Rule. To evaluate the safety of the road, the model proposes a new index based on energy conservation law. After the simulation, the result shows the best traffic density to balance the safety and traffic flux is 20.1133veh/km.

scholarly journals Improved Road Safety at Work Zones using Advanced Traveler Information Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Suhail Almallah ◽  
Qinaat Hussain ◽  
Wael K. M Alhajyaseen ◽  
Tom Brijs
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Variable Message Signs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Message Signs

Work zones are road sections where road construction or maintenance activities take place. These work zones usually have different alignment and furniture than the original road and thus temporary lower speeds are adopted at these locations. However, drivers usually face difficulty in adopting the new speed limit and maneuvering safely due to the change in alignment. Therefore, work zones are commonly considered as hazardous locations with higher crash rates and severities as reported in the literature. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a variable message signs (VMSs) based system for work zone advance warning area. The proposed system aims at enhancing driver adaptation of the reduced speed limit, encourage early lane changing maneuvers and improve the cooperative driving behavior in the pre-work zone road section. The study was conducted using a driving simulator at the College of Engineering of Qatar University. Seventy volunteers holding a valid Qatari passenger car driving license participated in this study. In the simulator experiment, we have two scenarios (control and treatment). The control scenario was designed based on the Qatar Work Zone Traffic Management Guide (QWZTMG), where the length of the advance warning area is 1000 m. Meanwhile, the treatment scenario contains six newly designed variable message signs where two of them were animation-based. The VMSs were placed at the same locations of the static signs in the control scenario. Both scenarios were tested for two situations. In the first situation, the participants were asked to drive on the left lane while in the second situation, they were instructed to drive on the second lane. The study results showed that the proposed system was effective in motivating drivers to reduce their traveling speed in advance. Compared to the control scenario, drivers’ mean speed was significantly 6.3 and 11.1 kph lower in the VMS scenario in the first and second situations, respectively. Furthermore, the VMS scenario encouraged early lane changing maneuvers. In the VMS scenario, drivers changed their lanes in advance by 150 m compared to the control scenario. In addition, the proposed system was effective in motivating drivers to keep larger headways with the frontal merging vehicle. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend the proposed VMS based system as a potentially effective treatment to improve traffic safety at work zones.

Emissions Impact of Eliminating National Speed Limits: One Year Later

1997 ◽  
Vol 1587 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Mullen ◽  
James H. Wilson ◽  
Laura Gottsman ◽  
Robert B. Noland ◽  
William L. Schroeer
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
National Highway ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Highway System

The National Highway System (NHS) bill passed by Congress in November 1995 eliminated the national maximum speed limit. It has allowed states to set their own speed limits, which many have changed during the past year. This analysis examines the impact of speed limit changes 1 year after passage of the NHS. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds are analyzed and are found to have increased nationwide by up to 6, 7, and 2 percent, respectively. Much of the increase has occurred in western states, which generally have increased vehicle speeds more than in eastern and midwestern states. For example, in Texas NOx emissions are estimated to have increased by 35 percent due to large increases in highway and arterial speed limits.

scholarly journals Exploring the influence of traffic enforcement on speeding behavior on low-speed limit roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401989157
Author(s):  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Fengchun Han ◽  
Meng Meng ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Quantao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Traffic Enforcement ◽  
Stated Preference Survey ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
The Impact

Speeding on low-speed limit roads is a common traffic offense in China, which could be due to the mild traffic safety enforcement. The article aims to explicit the impact of traffic enforcement measures on the speeding behavior on low-speed limit roads. First, field data were collected to demonstrate the severity of speeding by investigating speed distribution; second, a virtual traffic enforcement was designed by considering three factors related to traffic enforcement, and a stated preference survey questionnaire including six scenarios was designed and implemented; finally, a series of generalized regret random minimization models were established to study the relationship of speeding behavior and traffic enforcement as well as drivers’ personal characteristics. From the stated preference survey analysis, the research figures out that other vehicles’ average speed is the most important reference to choose speed rather than traffic penalties, and the model estimation results show that speeding violation grows severe if traffic enforcements are lenient. Therefore, increasing the violation costs is a powerful means of lowering the probability of speeding for individual, thus proceeding the drop of vehicles’ average speed, and the fall of average speed will contribute to decrease speeding subsequently.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Safety Impacts of Increased Speed Limits on Freeways in Kansas Using Before-And-After Study Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Shirazinejad ◽  
Sunanda Dissanayake ◽  
Ahmed Al-Bayati ◽  
David York
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crash Modification Factors ◽  
Before And After Study

In the summer of 2011, a change in the Kansas laws came into effect, increasing the speed limit on a selected set of freeway sections from 70 mph to 75 mph. Higher speeds were thought to have economic benefits, mostly because the travel time reduction means people reach their destinations more quickly. In this study, the sections where the speed limits remained unchanged, are compared to freeway sections that have been influenced by speed limit increase, to evaluate safety effectiveness. The study utilizes the before-and-after study with comparison group method to assess the safety effects provided in the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Two crash datasets, obtained by considering three years before and three years after the speed limit increase, were compared in order to evaluate the safety effects of the speed limit change. The crash modification factors (CMFs) were estimated, which showed that there was a 27% increase in total crashes and a 35% increase in fatal and injury crashes across all sections after the speed limit change, and these increases were statistically significant at 95% confidence level. These confounding results show that the speed limit increase has not been beneficial for traffic safety in Kansas, and hence it is important to be cautious in such future situations. Also, additional data have been presented which would be beneficial in identifying and understanding any behavior change in drivers following a speed limit increase.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Sight Distance and Geometric Alignment on Driver Performance in Freeway Exits Diverging Area Based on Simulated Driving Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6368
Author(s):  
Xizhen Zhou ◽  
Binghong Pan ◽  
Yang Shao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Circular Curve

The decision sight distance (DSD) at freeway exits is a major factor affecting traffic safety. Based on the Hechizhai Interchange in Xi’an City (Shaanxi Province, China), this paper designs a simulation experiment. Through a simulator study and a questionnaire survey, this paper discusses the impact of the DSD, 1.25 times the stopping sight distance (SSD) and a circular curve deflection on a driver’s driving state (including steering wheel angle rate and steering wheel angle frequency domain). Thirty volunteers participated in this research. The result shows that (1) it is safer to drive on an exit that meets DSD. (2) If it only meets the 1.25 times the SSD requirement, the overloaded driving tasks and operation would be more likely to cause crashes. The driving state of the driver on the right circular curve is obviously better than that on the left circular curve, because changing lanes to the right on the left circular curve does not meet the driver’s expectations. (3) Left and right circular curve should be treated differently in the driving area and the constant sight distance requirements should not be applied. (4) The left circular curve should be more stringent to ensure driving safety.

scholarly journals Basic results of research of kinematics and dynamics little links of the mechanism of forest machines

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Платонова ◽  
Marina Platonova ◽  
Платонов ◽  
Aleksey Platonov ◽  
Драпалюк ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kinematics And Dynamics ◽  
Operating Element ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact

Currently, the traffic safety on the railways remains a topical problem of removing unwanted trees and shrubs in the right of way of railways. To improve the efficiency removal of unwanted shoots and branches and stumps, reducing the share of manual labor and facilitation of staff by the authors in 2015 were investigated little links resources saving compact means of mechanization, allowing their use in hard to reach places. These means of mechanization considered in combination with modern the vehicles, which can provide them with the necessary energy, both on the railroad track, and away from it. The design scheme drawn up manipulators for mathematical description of the motion of their units in the plan and profile of the railway, shows a diagram of the dynamic interaction between the rotary operating element with tree and shrub vegetation and stumps, and on the basis of these formulas and reasoned input parameter values it was built a number of plots. The article presents the main findings and recommendations of the study of kinematics and dynamics little links of the mechanism of forest machines. It was concluded that a number of promising kinematic schemes associated with the rotation of the body part telescopic of manipulators machines, substantiated possible working range of the of manipulators according to the scheme of their location on the machine base, a certain range of angles of rotation around the axis of the working equipment of its fastening, the issues of the impact of deviations small diameter unwanted shoots from the vertical cutting force.

scholarly journals Less Temptation To Exceed The Speed Limit Or Towards Vision Zero

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
Viktoras Lapinas ◽  
Mantas Kišonas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Safety Programme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vision Zero

Abstract In 2020 the Lithuanian Government approved traffic safety programme Vision Zero. One of the integral measures applied to improve traffic safety and to reduce the number of road traffic infringements is the development of average speed cameras’ network on state significance roads. It is planned that the network of average speed cameras will cover more than 800 km of state significance road network in Lithuania in 2020-2021. Initially, it was planned to implement these measures only on rural roads. However, taking into consideration the principles of road eligibility for average speed camera installation, some road sections crossing the so-called linear settlements were selected to test the impact of such systems on driving habits as well. It is presumed that from the beginning of exploitation of these systems the reduction in the consequences of severe traffic accidents on the selected most dangerous state significance road sections will be observed.

A Improvement of the Keep-Right-Except-to-Pass Rule in the Model of Modified CA (Cellular Automata)

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 3050-3053
Author(s):  
Yue Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Density ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The Right

We build the model of Modified CA(cellular automata) to analyze the right-hand drive principle, at the same time we put forward the New Principle (In the principle, right lane is the high-speed lane and vehicles driving on it normally. This paper divides the whole principle process into four stages. The overtaking vehicle (A) send signals to the overtaked one (B),B moves to the low-speed lane to let A pass, A moves straight to finish overtaking and B returns.) and its creation is optimized by the model. At last, we use the model to analyze the traffic conditions in different principles or vehicle density or speed limit.

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