scholarly journals Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods Using Ion-Pair Complex Formation with Bromothymol Blue

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Dung Nguyen ◽  
Hoc Bau Le ◽  
Thi Oanh Dong ◽  
Tien Duc Pham
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Method Of Continuous Variation

In this paper, we reported a new, simple, accurate, and precise extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of fluoroquinolones (FQs) including ciprofloxacin (CFX), levofloxacin (LFX), and ofloxacin (OFX) in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method is based on the ion-pair formation complexes between FQs and an anionic dye, bromothymol blue (BTB), in acidic medium. The yellow-colored complexes which were extracted into chloroform were measured at the wavelengths of 420, 415, and 418 nm for CFX, LFX, and OFX, respectively. Some effective conditions such as pH, dye concentration, shaking time, and organic solvents were also systematically studied. Very good limit of detection (LOD) of 0.084 µg/mL, 0.101 µg/mL, and 0.105 µg/mL were found for CFX, LFX, and OFX, respectively. The stoichiometry of the complexes formed between FQs and BTB determined by Job’s method of continuous variation was 1 : 1. No interference was observed from common excipients occurred in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method has been successfully applied to determine the FQs in some pharmaceutical products. A good agreement between extractive spectrophotometric method with high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for the determination of FQs in some real samples demonstrates that the proposed method is suitable to quantify FQs in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Validated Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Domperidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Jasmin Shah ◽  
M Rasul Jan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Shah
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
New Methods

Simple, precise and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations. The new methods involve the formation of colored extractable ion pair complexes of the drug with bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The effects of various parameters like pH, reagent concentration and shaking time were studied. The extracted complexes of domperidone showed maximum absorbance at 410 nm with BTB and at 415 nm with BPB dye. The stiochiometry of the reaction between domperidone, BTB and BPB was found to be 1: 4. Domperidone was found to obey Beer’s law in the concentration ranges of 0.6-35 ?g/ml, 1-30 ?g/ml with BTB and BPB, respectively. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of domperidone in commercial tablets and suspension samples. The results obtained by the proposed methods were validated statistically and compared with the official HPLC method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22310 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 25-31, 2014

Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Perindopril Erbumine and Enalapril Maleate in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms using Bromocresol Green

2021 ◽  
pp. 3276-3282
Author(s):  
Amir Alhaj Sakur ◽  
Bayan Balid
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Enalapril Maleate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Perindopril Erbumine

In this article, it has been reported new, simple, sensitive and direct spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Perindopril Erbumine (PPE) and Enalapril Maleate (ENL) in pure and in pharmaceutical forms. Spectrophotometric methods are based on the formation of yellow colored ion-pair complexes between PPE, ENL and sulphonphthalein acid dye, Bromocresol green (BCG) into chloroform were measured at the wavelength of 414 and 415nm for PPE and ENL, respectively. The optimal analytical conditions were determined. The obtained complexes (BCG: PPE) and (BCG: ENL) reached maximum absorbance directly after formation at room temperature for a stability period of 24 h. Beer’s law were obeyed in the concentration ranges of (2-20)µg/mL for PPE and (8- 44)µg/mL for ENL, the limit of detection of 0.125μg/mL and 0.230μg/mL were found for PPE and ENL, respectively. The molar absorptivity coefficients were 4.4045*104 L.moL-1.cm-1 for PPE and 1,9330*104 L.moL-1.cm-1 for ENL. The stoichiometry of the complexes formed between PPE, ENL and BCG were 1:1. No interference was observed from common excipients occurred in pharmaceutical formulations and the proposed methods have been successfully applied to determine the PPE and ENL in some pharmaceutical products and in ENL combination dosage forms with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The proposed methods were successfully validated to be utilized in the quantitative analysis of PPE and ENL in their pure and pharmaceutical products. A good agreement between the developed spectrophotometric methods with the results obtained from official reference methods for the determination of the two drugs in some real samples demonstrate that the proposed methods were suitable to quantify PPE and ENL in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Certain Antidepressants in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
ArmaĞan Önal ◽  
Ş. Evrim Kepeki ◽  
S MÜge Çetin ◽  
Sidika ErtÜrk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Drug Substances

Abstract Simple and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for determination of sertraline, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine in pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on the reactions between the studied drug substances and ion-pair agents (bromothymol blue, bromocresol green, or bromophenol blue) to produce yellow-colored ion-pair complexes in acidic buffers. After extracting in chloroform, the ion-pair complexes are spectrophotometrically determined at the optimum wavelength. Optimizations of the reaction conditions were carried out. Beer's law was obeyed within the concentration range from 1 to 15 μg/mL. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection and quantification limits were also determined. The developed methods were applied successfully for the determination of these drugs in some available commercial preparations. The results were compared statistically with those obtained from reported high-performance liquid chromatography methods.

Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Glibenclamide by Ion-Pair Complex in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Formulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
RUAA MUAYAD MAHMOOD ◽  
HAMSA MUNAM YASSEN ◽  
SAMAR , NAJWA ISSAC ABDULLA AHMED DARWEESH ◽  
NAJWA ISSAC ABDULLA
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulation ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Colored Complex ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Method Of Continuous Variation ◽  
Job's Method

Simple, rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method is presented for the determination of glibenclamide (Glb) based on the formation of ion-pair complex between the Glb and anionic dye, methyl orange (MO) at pH 4. The yellow colored complex formed was quantitatively extracted into dichloromethane and measured at 426 nm. The colored product obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of (0.5-40) μg.ml-1. The value of molar absorptivity obtained from Beer’s data was found to be 31122 L.mol-1.cm-1, Sandell’s sensitivity value was calculated to be 0.0159 μg.cm-2, while the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.1086 and 0.3292 μg.ml-1, respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex created between the Glb and MO was 1:1 as determined via Job’s method of continuous variation and mole ratio method. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF HYDROQUINONE IN BULK, MARKETED CREAM AND PREAPARED NLC FORMULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Sukhjinder Kaur ◽  
Taranjit Kaur ◽  
Gurdeep Kaur ◽  
Shivani Verma
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Development And Validation

Objective: The aim of the present work was to develop a simple, rapid, accurate and economical UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) in its pure form, marketed formulation as well as in the prepared nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) systems and to validate the developed method.Methods: HQ was estimated at UV maxima of 289.6 nm in pH 5.5 phosphate buffer using UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer. Following the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), the method was validated for various analytical parameters like linearity, precision, and accuracy robustness, ruggedness, limit of detection, quantification limit, and formulation analysis.Results: The obtained results of the analysis were validated statistically. Recovery studies were performed to confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. In the developed method, linearity over the concentration range of 5-40 μg/ml of HQ was observed with the correlation coefficient of 0.998 and found in good agreement with Beer Lambert’s law. The precision (intra-day and inter-day) of the method was found within official RCD limits (RSD<2%).Conclusion: The sensitivity of the method was assessed by determining the limit of detection and limit of quantification. It could be concluded from the results obtained that the purposed method for estimation of HQ in pure form, in the marketed ointment and in the prepared NLC-formulation was simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economical. It can be used successfully in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and for the routine laboratory analysis.

scholarly journals Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Zolmitriptan in Tablets

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Aydogmus ◽  
Ipek Inanli
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract Two simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for determination of zolmitriptan (ZTP) in tablets. These methods are based on the formation of yellow ion-pair complexes between ZTP and tropaeolin OO (TPOO) and bromothymol blue (BTB) in citratephosphate buffer of pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively. The formed complexes were extracted with dichloromethane and measured at 411.5 and 410 nm for TPOO and BTB, respectively. The best conditions of the reactions were studied and optimized. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 220 and 1.517 g/mL with molar absorptivities of 1.42 104 and 1.60 104 L/mol/cm for the TPOO and BTB methods, respectively. Correlation coefficients were 0.9998 and 0.9999 for TPOO and BTB methods, respectively. Limits of detection of the TPOO and BTB methods were 0.341 and 0.344 g/mL, respectively, and the limits of quantitation were 1.034 and 1.051 g/mL, respectively. Sandell's sensitivity and stability constant were also calculated. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in its dosage forms. No interference was observed from excipients present in tablets. Statistical comparison of the results with those obtained by a high-performance liquid chromatography method showed excellent agreement and indicated no significant differences in accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of methyldopa using p-chloranil in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gotardo ◽  
L. S. Lima ◽  
R. Sequinel ◽  
J. L. Rufino ◽  
L. Pezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interday Precision ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of methyldopa in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the reaction between tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (p-chloranil) and methyldopa, accelerated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), producing a violet-red compound (λmax = 535 nm) at ambient temperature (25.0 ± 0.2 ºC). Experimental design methodologies were used to optimize the measurement conditions. Beer's law is obeyed in a concentration range from 2.10 x 10-4 to 2.48 x 10-3 mol L-1 (r = 0.9997). The limit of detection was 7.55 x 10-6 mol L-1 and the limit of quantification was 2.52 x 10-5 mol L-1. The intraday precision and interday precision were studied for 10 replicate analyses of 1.59 x 10-3 mol L-1 methyldopa solution and the respective coefficients of variation were 0.7 and 1.1 %. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of methyldopa in commercial brands of pharmaceuticals. No interferences were observed from the common excipients in the formulations. The results obtained by the proposed method were favorably compared with those given by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia procedure at 95 % confidence level.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF FEBUXOSTAT FOR CONDUCTING IN-VITRO QUALITY CONTROL TESTS IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Daljit Kaur ◽  
Sukhmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Development And Validation

Objective: A simple, accurate, and selective ultraviolet-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of febuxostat in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Method: The method was developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH Q2 R1) guidelines. The developed method was validated statistically with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and recovery. Specificity of the method was demonstrated by applying different stressed conditions to drug samples such as acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, oxidative, photolytic, and thermal degradation.Results: The study was conducted using phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and λmax was found to be 312 nm. Standard plot having a concentration range of 1–10 μg/ml showed a good linear relationship with R2=0.999. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.118 μg/ml and 0.595 μg/ml, respectively. Recovery and percentage relative standard deviations were found to be 100.157±0.332% and <2%, respectively.Conclusion: Proposed method was successfully applicable to the pharmaceutical formulations containing febuxostat. Thus, the developed method is found to be simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, reproducible, and economical for the determination of febuxostat in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

scholarly journals A rapid spectrophotometric determination of imidacloprid in selected commercial formulations in the presence of 6-chloronicotinic acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1455-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Guzsvány ◽  
Zsigmond Papp ◽  
Sanja Lazic ◽  
Ferenc Gaál ◽  
Luka Bjelica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

A simple first-order derivative spectrophotometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CNA). By using the zero-crossing approach, imidacloprid was determined at 249 nm and 6-CNA at 236 nm with detection limits of 0.32 and 0.17 ?g mL-1, respectively, and relative standard deviations not exceeding 1.2 % in the case of model systems. The proposed method was applied for the determination of imidacloprid and 6-CNA in commercial formulations. A conventional spectrophotometric method (at 270 nm) was also employed for the determination of the content of imidacloprid in the same commercial formulations. The results of the developed spectrophotometric methods were in good agreement with those obtained by the high-performance liquid chromatographic method.

scholarly journals Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Using Acidic Triphenylmethane Dyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Susmitha ◽  
M. Thirumalachary ◽  
T. Charan Singh ◽  
G. Venkateshwarlu
Keyword(s):  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has activity against the hepatitis B and HIV viruses. Three simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drugs with triphenylmethane dyes, namely, bromothymol blue (BTB), bromophenol blue (BPB), and bromocresol purple (BCP) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima between 410 and 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 1.5–25, 1.0–25, and 1.25–25 μg mL−1 with BTB, BPB, and BCP, respectively. The effectc of concentration of dye, pH, and interference of excipients have been studied and optimized. The limits of detection and quantification have been determined. All three methods are validated as per the guidelines of ICH. The methods have been applied to the determination of drug in commercial tablets and results of analysis were validated statistically through recovery studies.

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