scholarly journals Increased COX-2 Immunostaining in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder Is Associated with Invasiveness and Poor Prognosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Basim Al-Maghrabi ◽  
Wafaey Gomaa ◽  
Mohammed Abdelwahed ◽  
Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Muscle Invasion

Background. Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) is the commonest bladder tumor. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediates angiogenesis, cell survival/proliferation, and apoptosis. This study investigates the relation of COX-2 immunostaining in UCB to clinicopathological parameters in Saudi Arabia. Methods. The study population includes 123 UCB and 25 urothelial mucosae adjacent to UCB. UCB samples were collected before any local or systemic therapy. Tissue microarrays were designed and constructed, and TMA blocks were sliced for further immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical staining was done using a mouse anti-human COX-2 monoclonal antibody. A cutoff point of 10% was chosen as the threshold to determine low and high COX-2 immunostaining. Results. COX-2 immunostaining is higher in UCB than in the adjacent urothelium (p=0.033). High COX-2 immunostaining is associated with high-grade UCB (p=0.013), distant metastasis (p=0.031), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.008), positive muscle invasion (p=0.017), pT2 and above (p=0.003), and high anatomical stages (stage II and above). High COX-2 immunostaining is an independent predictor of higher tumor grade (p<0.001), muscle invasion (p=0.015), advanced pathological T (p=0.014), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.011), and distant metastasis (p=0.039). High COX-2 immunostaining is associated with lower overall survival rate (p=0.019). Conclusion. COX-2 immunostaining is associated with the invasiveness of UCB which may be used as an independent prognostic marker. COX-2 may be a significant molecule in the initiation and progression of UCB. Molecular and clinical investigations are required to explore the molecular downstream of COX-2 in UCB and effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy along with traditional chemotherapy.

scholarly journals UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA OF URINARY BLADDER

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Asadullah ◽  
Usman Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Immuno Histochemistry ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Urinary Bladder Tumor ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors ◽  
Normal Urothelium

In spite of the fact that inflammation has been regarded as a localized orgeneralized defensive component of the body to different types harmful stimuli, there hasbeen becoming confirmation of its strong part in initiation or progression of different ailmentsparticularly related with cancer. Objectives: Aim of this study was to recognize the pattern ofexpression and level of intensity of COX-2 in different grades of papillary urothelial carcinomaof urinary bladder along with significance of COX 2 in tumerogenesis of urothelial carcinoma ofurinary bladder. Setting: Department of Pathology, BMSI, JPMC. Period: 1.1.2009 to 31.12.2012.Methods: The marker of COX-2 was investigated by using Immuno- histochemistry. Results:COX 2 was not detected in normal urothelium, but its intensity was expressed as 68% in lowgrade, 72 % in high grade and 80 % in invasive urothelial carcinoma. Conclusion: Results ofthe present study indicate that COX-2 as a component of inflammation play an important rolein progression of urinary bladder tumor and encourage use of COX 2 inhibitors as potentialantitumor agent.

scholarly journals Expression of Caveolin-1 and Caveolin-2 in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder Correlates With Tumor Grade and Squamous Differentiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fong ◽  
Ediberto Garcia ◽  
Lucas Gwynn ◽  
Michael P. Lisanti ◽  
Melissa J. Fazzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Caveolin 1

scholarly journals Coordinated Increased Expression of Cyclooxygenase2 and Nuclear Factor B Is a Steady Feature of Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Kontos ◽  
Georgia Sotiropoulou-Bonikou ◽  
Athina Kominea ◽  
Maria Melachrinou ◽  
Eleni Balampani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Normal Epithelium ◽  
Bladder Carcinogenesis ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas ◽  
Bladder Carcinomas

Objectives. The inescapable relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis has long been established. Our objective was to investigate COX-2 and NF-B immunohistochemical expression in a large series of normal epithelium and bladder carcinomas.Methods. Immunohistochemical methodology was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from urinary bladder carcinomas of 140 patients (94 males and 46 females with bladder carcinomas).Results. COX-2 expression is increased in the cytoplasm of bladder cells, during loss of cell differentiation (, ) and in muscle invasive carcinomas (). A strong positive association between tumor grade and nuclear expression of NFB has been established. A positive correlation between COX-2 and nuclear NFB immunoreactivity was observed.Conclusions. The possible coordinated upregulation of NFB and COX-2, during bladder carcinogenesis, indicates that agents inhibitors of these two molecules may represent a possible new treatment strategy, by virtue of their role in bladder carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF UROTHELIAL LESIONS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nishat Ahmad ◽  
Saurabh Banerjee ◽  
A K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Muscle Invasion

BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer is second most common cancer after prostate cancer in the genitourinary system. Urothelial Carcinoma is the commonest tumour type accounting for 90% of all primary tumours of the bladder Histopathological analysis of cystoscopic bladder biopsy and Transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) material are the mainstay for cancer diagnosis. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of different types of neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder and to determine the grade and stage of urothelial tumours. MATERIAL METHOD: The study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi from January 2018 to June 2020 and included 30 cases of cystoscopic biopsies and TURBT specimens. RESULTS: Out of 30 cases of neoplastic lesions, majority were of high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n=14, 46.67%) followed by low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n=9, 30%), 3 cases (10%) were of PUNLMP, 2 cases (6.66%) of papilloma and 1 (3.33%) case each of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and extra nodal NHL. The most common age group was 41-50 years and 51-60 years with 9 (30%) cases each. Muscle invasion was seen only in high grade papillary urothelial carcinomas. CONCLUSION: High-grade urothelial carcinomas with lamina propria and muscle invasion are the most common neoplastic lesion of urinary bladder with significant morbidity and mortality. Muscle invasion and grading, as per TNM staging, are valuable prognostic factors.

scholarly journals Serum long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1: A novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-kun Zheng ◽  
Cui Pang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Qiong Duan ◽  
Ju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarker

Objective Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) offer great potential as cancer biomarkers. This study was performed to assess the applicability of serum lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We examined UCA1 expression in serum samples from 105 patients with HCC, 105 patients with benign liver disease (BLD), and 105 healthy volunteers using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed the relationship between serum UCA1 and clinicopathological parameters of HCC as well as survival. Results Expression of serum UCA1 was significantly higher in patients with HCC and allowed for discrimination of HCC from BLD and healthy controls. High expression of serum UCA1 was significantly associated with a high tumor grade, large tumor size, positive vascular invasion, and advanced TNM stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that a high serum UCA1 level was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for HCC. Conclusions Our results confirm the upregulation of serum UCA1 expression in HCC and indicate its clinical value as a noninvasive biomarker for HCC screening and prognostic prediction.

scholarly journals Lymphovascular Invasion Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Node-Negative Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Kikuchi ◽  
Vitaly Margulis ◽  
Pierre I. Karakiewicz ◽  
Marco Roscigno ◽  
Shuji Mikami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Lymph Node Status

Purpose To assess the association of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) with cancer recurrence and survival in a large international series of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Patients and Methods Data were collected on 1,453 patients treated with RNU at 13 academic centers and combined into a relational database. Pathologic slides were rereviewed by genitourinary pathologists according to strict criteria. LVI was defined as presence of tumor cells within an endothelium-lined space. Results LVI was observed in 349 patients (24%). Proportion of LVI increased with advancing tumor stage, high tumor grade, presence of tumor necrosis, sessile tumor architecture, and presence of lymph node metastasis (all P < .001). LVI was an independent predictor of disease recurrence and survival (P < .001 for both). Addition of LVI to the base model (comprising pathologic stage, grade, and lymph node status) marginally improved its predictive accuracy for both disease recurrence and survival (1.1%, P = .03; and 1.7%, P < .001, respectively). In patients with negative lymph nodes and those in whom a lymphadenectomy was not performed (n = 1,313), addition of LVI to the base model improved the predictive accuracy of the base model for both disease recurrence and survival by 3% (P < .001 for both). In contrast, LVI was not associated with disease recurrence or survival in node-positive patients (n = 140). Conclusion LVI was an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in nonmetastatic patients who underwent RNU for UTUC. Assessment of LVI may help identify patients who could benefit from multimodal therapy after RNU. After confirmation, LVI should be included in staging of UTUC.

Prognostic Implication of Immunohistochemical Runx2 Expression in Osteosarcoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu Yeoun Won ◽  
Hye-Rim Park ◽  
Yong-Koo Park
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clinicopathological Variables

Aims and background Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy. Many genetic markers have proven prognostic value in osteosarcoma and studies are under way to determine their potential application as specific therapeutic targets. Runx2, Indian hedgehog (IHH), and Sox9 are proteins that play major roles in bone formation and tumorigenesis. We studied the protein expression of Runx2, IHH, and Sox9 in osteosarcoma and correlated their expression with clinicopathological variables. We also studied the prognostic value of the expression of these three genes in osteosarcoma. Methods and study design We produced 48 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays containing osteosarcoma tissue cores for immunohistochemical staining of Runx2, IHH and Sox9. We evaluated the expression of each gene by immunohistochemical staining and analyzed the relationship between expression and clinicopathological parameters. Results High expression of Runx2 was significantly related to metastasis (P = 0.015). High expression of Runx2 indicated a trend toward a poor survival rate (P = 0.056). High expression of IHH and Sox9 were not related to any clinicopathological parameters. Conclusions High expression of Runx2 was significantly related to tumor metastasis in osteosarcoma. Our results suggest that overexpression of Runx2 might be a useful prognostic marker in osteosarcoma cases.

scholarly journals Lymphovascular Invasion in Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma: A Study of 22 Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McQuitty ◽  
Jae Y. Ro ◽  
Luan D. Truong ◽  
Steven S. Shen ◽  
Qihui Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Lymphatic Invasion ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Aggressive Variant

Context.—Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) is a known aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. However, the reasons for its aggressiveness remain unclear. Objective.—To investigate the frequency of lymphovascular invasion in 22 cases of MPUC. Design.—Consecutive tissue sections were stained with D2-40 and CD34 to highlight lymphovascular channels associated with MPUC. Spaces containing tumor cells were scored as positive for lymphovascular invasion if the staining pattern on immunohistochemistry was distinct and circumferential. Results.—Of 22 cases, 21 (95%) had lymphovascular invasion on immunohistochemical staining, with 91% lymphatic invasion and 4% vascular invasion. Interestingly, 8 cases were originally signed out as negative for lymphovascular invasion on the basis of hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections; of these, 7 (88%) had focal lymphovascular invasion evident on immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions.—Our results confirm that micropapillary lacunae are not lymphovascular channels. However, nearly all MPUC tumors (95% in this series) have evidence of lymphovascular invasion by immunohistochemical analysis. Our data support the use of micropapillary features as a morphologic marker for lymphovascular invasion and MPUC as an adverse histologic type of urothelial carcinoma.

scholarly journals A histopathologic study of urinary bladder tumors at tertiary care center in Mid-Western region of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Binita Goyal ◽  
Sheshagiri Rao ◽  
Rajina Sahi ◽  
Subechhya Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Bladder Tumors ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Tumors ◽  
Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Muscle Invasion

Background: Urinary bladder cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality due to urological conditions. It is tenth most common cancer overall in both sexes. It is seventh most common cancer overall and second most common cancer of genitourinary tract in males. Ninety five percent of bladder tumors are epithelial and the rest are mesenchymal, of which majority are primary urothelial tumors. Urothelial tumors are classified into infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with its variants and non-invasive urothelial neoplasias. Tumor stage is the strongest prognostic parameter.Aims and Objectives: The current study was designed with an aim to elucidate the histologic pattern of bladder tumors and observe whether any association between histologic grade and muscle invasion exists.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 84 cases of urinary bladder tumors received in Department of Pathology, College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital during a time period of 5 years from January 2012 to December 2016.Results: The mean ± SD of age of presentation was 63±13 years with a male female ratio 3.2:1. Ninety-five percent cases were primary epithelial tumors and 93% cases were of urothelial origin. Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma was the most common urothelial tumor (40.5%) followed by high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (34.5%). Some rare types like primary adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma were also seen in this study (1.2% each). Muscle invasion was significantly higher in high grade (66%) as compared to low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (3%). Muscle tissue was absent in 8 (9.5%) cases.Conclusion: There is relationship of histologic grade with aggressiveness of tumor. Most of the high grade tumors are muscle invasive at presentation. Submission of muscle tissue is important for optimal patient management.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(6) 2018 45-50

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