scholarly journals Transient Periictal Brain Imaging Abnormality in a Saudi Patient with Probable Celiac Disease Epilepsy and Occipital Calcification Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Soha Khan ◽  
Asma AlNajjar ◽  
Abdullah Alquaydheb ◽  
Shahpar Nahrir
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pump Failure ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Celiac disease epilepsy and occipital calcification (CEC) syndrome is a rare, emerging disease first described in 1992. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been reported worldwide. CEC syndrome is generally thought to be a genetic, noninherited, and ethnically and geographically restricted disease in Mediterranean countries. However, we report the first ever case of probable CEC in a Saudi patient. Furthermore, the patient manifested a magnitude of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal abnormalities during the periictal period which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been described in CEC. The brain MRI revealed diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) restriction with a concordant area of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) hypointensity around bilateral occipital area of calcification. An imbalance between the heightened energy demand during ictal phase of the seizure and unadjusted blood supply may have caused an electric pump failure and cytotoxic edema, which then led to DWI/ADC signal alteration.

Brain MRI in Inherited Metabolic Diseases of Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Burlina ◽  
Renzo Manara
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inherited Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool to investigate inherited metabolic diseases in adulthood. In the present chapter the major neuroradiological findings that brain MRI can provide to adult metabolic clinicians will be presented, classified according to white and gray matter involvement.The role of brain MRI in the diagnostic process and clinical monitoring of specific inherited metabolic affecting the brain will be examined.

scholarly journals Can we evaluate cranial aneurysms on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Caliskan ◽  
Yeliz Pekcevik ◽  
Adnan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Brain MRI and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 45 patients (29 women and 16 men; age range, 32–80 years) with aneurysm were analyzed. A comparison was made between brain MRI and CTA based on size and presence of aneurysm. The comparisons between MRI and CTA were investigated through Bland-Altman graphics, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kappa statistics. Results: Fifty-seven aneurysms were evaluated. Forty-five percent of 57 aneurysms on CTA were detected on conventional brain MRI. A significant correlation was found between CTA and brain MRI in the diagnosis of aneurysm (P < 0.05). In an analysis of the size measurement, a significant correlation was observed between CTA and brain MRI. Seventy-seven percent of aneurysms <4 mm was not detected and the efficiency of MRI in the detection of aneurysms <4 mm was found to be low. Conclusion: Aneurysms can also be appreciated on conventional brain MRI, and vascular structures should be reviewed carefully while analyzing brain MRI.

The Implications of Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1611-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison S. Cooper ◽  
Eron Friedlaender ◽  
Susan E. Levy ◽  
Karuna V. Shekdar ◽  
Andrea Bennett Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Low Prevalence

Our objective was to describe the types of providers who refer children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the referral reason, and MRI results. The most common referral reasons were autism spectrum disorder with seizures (33.7%), autism spectrum disorder alone (26.3%), and autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding (24%). Neurology (62.5%), general pediatric (22.3%), and developmental/behavioral practitioners (8.9%) referred the most patients. The prevalence of definite pathology was highest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination/preexisting finding (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.8%-36%), headaches (25.7%, 95% CI: 11.2%-40.2%), or seizures (22%, 95% CI: 14.6%-29.5%), and was lowest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder alone (6.5%, 95% CI: 1.5%-11.6%). We concluded that there is a low prevalence of definite pathology in children with autism spectrum disorder undergoing brain MRI. In children with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding, seizures, or headaches, one may consider performing brain MRI given the higher prevalence of pathology.

scholarly journals Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi ◽  
Siavash Iravan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Normal White Matter ◽  
Pelizaeus Merzbacher Disease ◽  
The Brain

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD), as a rare genetically x-linked leukodystrophy, is a disorder of proteolipid protein expression in myelin formation. This disorder is clinically presented by neurodevelopmental delay and abnormal pendular eye movements. The responsible gene for this disorder is the proteolipid protein gene (PLP1). Our case was a oneyear-old boy referred to the radiology department for evaluating the Central Nervous System (CNS) development by brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Clinically, he demonstrated neuro-developmental delay symptoms. The brain MRI results indicated a diffuse lack of normal white matter myelination. This case report should be considered about the possibilityof PMD in the brain MRI of patients who present a diffuse arrest of normal white matter myelination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings of Neonates with Clinical Seizure Admitted to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital and its Effect on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions of Newborns from 2015-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Fallah ◽  
Mohammad Javad Asadi ◽  
Reza Nafisi Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahrar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Clinical Seizure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Introduction: In neonatal period, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best neuroimaging to find etiology of seizure. The aim of this study was to evaluate brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure and its effect on diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of newborn. Methods: In a retrospective study, medical records and brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit or Pediatric Ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from September 2018 and before were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software , the required indicators and tables were prepared and Fisher exact test and Chi-square test were used to determine the relationship between qualitative variables and independent t-test was used to compare the means in the two groups Results: Twenty-five girls and 38 boys were studied. The cause of seizures was found in 94% and the most common cause of congenital hypoxia was in 22 infants (35%). The most common type of seizure was tonic in 23 infants (36.5%) and the most common type of generalized seizure was in 47 infants (75%). Brain MRI was abnormal in 19 neonates (30%). Based on the MRI results, there was a change in therapeutic interventions (brain surgery) in four infants (6.3%) and in diagnostic interventions (metabolic tests) in 19 infants (30%). Abnormal brain MRI was more frequent in neonates by cesarean section (46%)  than  normal vaginal delivery (19%), (p= 0.01) and also neonates with partial seizure (37.5%) had an abnormal MRI than  generalized seizure (21%), (p= 0.03). Mean of hospitalization days was longer in neonates with abnormal brain MRI (12.32±2.76 days) than neonates with normal MRI (8.57±2.82 days) (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, brain MRI might be useful in finding intracranial pathology that causes seizure in neonates by cesarean section to detect birth asphyxia and in newborns with partial seizure.  

scholarly journals 3D U-Net for Skull Stripping in Brain MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunho Hwang ◽  
Hafiz Zia Ur Rehman ◽  
Sungon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Extraction ◽  
Skull Stripping ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Deep Learning Network ◽  
The Brain

Skull stripping in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential step to analyze images of the brain. Although manual segmentation has the highest accuracy, it is a time-consuming task. Therefore, various automatic segmentation algorithms of the brain in MRI have been devised and proposed previously. However, there is still no method that solves the entire brain extraction problem satisfactorily for diverse datasets in a generic and robust way. To address these shortcomings of existing methods, we propose the use of a 3D-UNet for skull stripping in brain MRI. The 3D-UNet was recently proposed and has been widely used for volumetric segmentation in medical images due to its outstanding performance. It is an extended version of the previously proposed 2D-UNet, which is based on a deep learning network, specifically, the convolutional neural network. We evaluated 3D-UNet skull-stripping using a publicly available brain MRI dataset and compared the results with three existing methods (BSE, ROBEX, and Kleesiek’s method; BSE and ROBEX are two conventional methods, and Kleesiek’s method is based on deep learning). The 3D-UNet outperforms two typical methods and shows comparable results with the specific deep learning-based algorithm, exhibiting a mean Dice coefficient of 0.9903, a sensitivity of 0.9853, and a specificity of 0.9953.

scholarly journals Concurrence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ben Abdelghani Kaouther ◽  
Souabni Leila ◽  
Belhadj Salwa ◽  
Zakraoui Leith
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

We report a 21-year-old female patient known to have Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who later developed multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease was documented on the brain and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the visual evoked potential. Our case emphasizes the need to evaluate the symptoms and brain MRI carefully. The concurrence of MS and JIA is uncommon. The possible relationship between the 2 diseases was discussed.

scholarly journals Ocular flutter as presenting manifestation of pediatric MOG antibody–associated demyelination: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Breza ◽  
Nikoletta Smyrni ◽  
Georgios Koutsis ◽  
Evangelos Anagnostou ◽  
John Tzartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ocular Flutter ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Csf Oligoclonal Bands

A 13-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of oscillopsia. On examination, ocular flutter and mild cerebellar signs were found. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four periventricular and subcortical non-enhancing lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands were negative. Neuroblastoma or other malignancies were not found. She responded well to a corticosteroid–intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination and remained symptom-free for 3 years until presenting again with isolated ocular flutter. Brain MRI at this time remained atypical for classic multiple sclerosis (MS) with a predominance of juxtacortical demyelinating lesions. CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands. Serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were present. Ocular flutter can be the presenting feature of MOG antibody–associated pediatric demyelination.

scholarly journals Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1915-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Elliott ◽  
Jerry S Wolinsky ◽  
Stephen L Hauser ◽  
Ludwig Kappos ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Jacobian Determinant ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Chronic lesion activity driven by smoldering inflammation is a pathological hallmark of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To develop a method for automatic detection of slowly expanding/evolving lesions (SELs) on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and characterize such SELs in primary progressive MS (PPMS) and relapsing MS (RMS) populations. Methods: We defined SELs as contiguous regions of existing T2 lesions showing local expansion assessed by the Jacobian determinant of the deformation between reference and follow-up scans. SEL candidates were assigned a heuristic score based on concentricity and constancy of change in T2- and T1-weighted MRIs. SELs were examined in 1334 RMS patients and 555 PPMS patients. Results: Compared with RMS patients, PPMS patients had higher numbers of SELs ( p = 0.002) and higher T2 volumes of SELs ( p < 0.001). SELs were devoid of gadolinium enhancement. Compared with areas of T2 lesions not classified as SEL, SELs had significantly lower T1 intensity at baseline and larger decrease in T1 intensity over time. Conclusion: We suggest that SELs reflect chronic tissue loss in the absence of ongoing acute inflammation. SELs may represent a conventional brain MRI correlate of chronic active MS lesions and a candidate biomarker for smoldering inflammation in MS.

scholarly journals Walker-Warburg syndrome: report of two cases

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (3A) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCIO M. VASCONCELOS ◽  
CÁSSIA R. GUEDES ◽  
ROMEU C. DOMINGUES ◽  
RAUL N. G. VIANNA ◽  
MARCIO SOTERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Severe Hydrocephalus ◽  
Syndrome Report

The purpose of this study is to describe two infants that were diagnosed with Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), a rare form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD).They were studied in their clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic features. The index case had a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the second patient had a head computerized tomography (CT). In addition, a literature review was performed to describe the main forms of CMD. The index case fulfilled all criteria for WWS. A brain MRI performed at age 4 months served to corroborate the clinical diagnosis, showing severe hydrocephalus, type II lissencephaly, cerebellar vermian aplasia, and a hypoplastic brain stem. The authors were able to establish a retrospective diagnosis of WWS in the index case's older sister, based upon her clinical picture and head CT report.

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