scholarly journals Recognition of Changes in Air and Soil Temperatures at a Station Typical of China’s Subtropical Monsoon Region (1961–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-jin Zhan ◽  
Lingjun Xia ◽  
Longfei Zhan ◽  
Yuanhao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Trends in soil temperature are important but rarely reported indicators of climate change. Based on daily air and soil temperatures (depth: 0, 20, 80, and 320 cm) recorded at the Nanchang Weather Station (1961–2018), this study investigated the variation trend, abrupt changes, and years of anomalous annual and seasonal mean air and soil temperatures. The differences and relationships between annual air and soil temperatures were also analyzed. The results showed close correlations between air temperature and soil temperature at different depths. Annual and seasonal mean air and soil temperatures mainly displayed significant trends of increase over the past 58 years, although the rise of the mean air temperature and the mean soil temperature was asymmetric. The rates of increase in air temperature and soil temperature (depth: 0, 20, and 80 cm) were most obvious in spring; the most significant increase in soil temperature at the depth of 320 cm was in summer. Mean soil temperature displayed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth in both spring and summer. Air temperature was lower than the soil temperature at depths of 0 and 20 cm but higher than the soil temperature at depths of 80 and 320 cm in spring and summer. Mean ground temperature had a rising trend with increasing soil depth in autumn and winter. Air temperature was lower than the soil temperature at all depths in autumn and winter. Years with anomalously low air temperature and soil temperature at depths of 0, 20, 80, and 320 cm were relatively consistent in winter. Years with anomalous air and soil temperatures (depths: 0, 20, and 80 cm) were generally consistent; however, the relationship between air temperature and soil temperature at 320 cm depth was less consistent. The findings provide a basis for understanding and assessing climate change impact on terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Soil Temperature Estimation with Meteorological Parameters by Using Tree-Based Hybrid Data Mining Models

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Sattari ◽  
Anca Avram ◽  
Halit Apaydin ◽  
Oliviu Matei
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Windowing Technique ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Decision

The temperature of the soil at different depths is one of the most important factors used in different disciplines, such as hydrology, soil science, civil engineering, construction, geotechnology, ecology, meteorology, agriculture, and environmental studies. In addition to physical and spatial variables, meteorological elements are also effective in changing soil temperatures at different depths. The use of machine-learning models is increasing day by day in many complex and nonlinear branches of science. These data-driven models seek solutions to complex and nonlinear problems using data observed in the past. In this research, decision tree (DT), gradient boosted trees (GBT), and hybrid DT–GBT models were used to estimate soil temperature. The soil temperatures at 5, 10, and 20 cm depths were estimated using the daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature; sunshine intensity and duration, and precipitation data measured between 1993 and 2018 at Divrigi station in Sivas province in Turkey. To predict the soil temperature at different depths, the time windowing technique was used on the input data. According to the results, hybrid DT–GBT, GBT, and DT methods estimated the soil temperature at 5 cm depth the most successfully, respectively. However, the best estimate was obtained with the DT model at soil depths of 10 and 20 cm. According to the results of the research, the accuracy rate of the models has also increased with increasing soil depth. In the prediction of soil temperature, sunshine duration and air temperature were determined as the most important factors and precipitation was the most insignificant meteorological variable. According to the evaluation criteria, such as Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, R, MAE, RMSE, and Taylor diagrams used, it is recommended that all three (DT, GBT, and hybrid DT–GBT) data-based models can be used for predicting soil temperature.

scholarly journals Non-stationary temporal characterization of the temperature profile of a soil exposed to frost in south-eastern Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Anctil ◽  
A. Pratte ◽  
L. E. Parent ◽  
M. A. Bolinder
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Temperature Time Series ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Time

Abstract. The objective of this work was to compare time and frequency fluctuations of air and soil temperatures (2-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 50-cm below the soil surface) using the continuous wavelet transform, with a particular emphasis on the daily cycle. The analysis of wavelet power spectra and cross power spectra provided detailed non-stationary accounts with respect to frequencies (or periods) and to time of the structure of the data and also of the relationships that exist between time series. For this particular application to the temperature profile of a soil exposed to frost, both the air temperature and the 2-cm depth soil temperature time series exhibited a dominant power peak at 1-d periodicity, prominent from spring to autumn. This feature was gradually damped as it propagated deeper into the soil and was weak for the 20-cm depth. Influence of the incoming solar radiation was also revealed in the wavelet power spectra analysis by a weaker intensity of the 1-d peak. The principal divergence between air and soil temperatures, besides damping, occurred in winter from the latent heat release associated to the freezing of the soil water and the insulation effect of snowpack that cease the dependence of the soil temperature to the air temperature. Attenuation and phase-shifting of the 1-d periodicity could be quantified through scale-averaged power spectra and time-lag estimations. Air temperature variance was only partly transferred to the 2-cm soil temperature time series and much less so to the 20-cm soil depth.

A weighted coefficient model for estimation of Australian daily soil temperature at depths of 5cm to 100cm based on air temperature and rainfall

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Horton ◽  
Ross Corkrey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

Soil temperatures are related to air temperature and rainfall on the current day and preceding days, and this can be expressed in a non-linear relationship to provide a weighted value for the effect of air temperature or rainfall based on days lag and soil depth. The weighted minimum and maximum air temperatures and weighted rainfall can then be combined with latitude and a seasonal function to estimate soil temperature at any depth in the range 5–100 cm. The model had a root mean square deviation of 1.21–1.85°C for minimum, average, and maximum soil temperature for all weather stations in Australia (mainland and Tasmania), except for maximum soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm, where the model was less precise (3.39° and 2.52°, respectively). Data for this analysis were obtained from 32–40 Bureau of Meteorology weather stations throughout Australia and the proposed model was validated using 5-fold cross-validation.

Soil Temperature in the Peanut Pod Zone with Subsurface Drip Irrigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
F. S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Abstract Maintaining soil temperatures at specified levels (below 29 C) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is vital to crop growth, development, and pod yield. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are not designed to wet the soil surface. Possible lack of moisture in the pod zone could result in elevated soil temperatures that could be detrimental to the peanut crop. The objective of this study was to document the response of pod zone soil temperature when irrigated with a SDI system. Thermocouple sensors were inserted at 5-cm soil depth in the crop row and at specified distances from the crop row in SDI and nonirrigated (NI) treatments. Maximum hourly and daily soil temperature data were measured at three locations, one in Virginia and two in Georgia. The maximum daily soil temperature decreased as plant canopy increased. During the first 50 d after planting (DAP), the average maximum soil temperature was 1 to 2 C cooler for both the SDI and NI treatments than the average maximum air temperature. From 50 DAP to harvest, the average maximum soil temperatures for SDI and NI treatments were 6 C cooler than the average maximum air temperature. During pod filling and maturation, the average maximum soil temperature was about 5 C cooler (27 C) for SDI treatments than the maximum air temperature and 2 C cooler than the recommended 29 C. Soil temperature in the NI treatments did exceed 29 C during periods of drought but decreased to values similar to SDI treatments immediately following a rainfall event. Overall, SDI can maintain maximum soil temperatures below critical values (29 C) during peanut fruit initiation to crop harvest.

scholarly journals Quality control of 10-min soil temperatures data at RMI

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bertrand ◽  
L. González Sotelino ◽  
M. Journée
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Observation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Energy Processes

Abstract. Soil temperatures at various depths are unique parameters useful to describe both the surface energy processes and regional environmental and climate conditions. To provide soil temperature observation in different regions across Belgium for agricultural management as well as for climate research, soil temperatures are recorded in 13 of the 20 automated weather stations operated by the Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) of Belgium. At each station, soil temperature can be measured at up to 5 different depths (from 5 to 100 cm) in addition to the bare soil and grass temperature records. Although many methods have been developed to identify erroneous air temperatures, little attention has been paid to quality control of soil temperature data. This contribution describes the newly developed semi-automatic quality control of 10-min soil temperatures data at RMI.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of methane emissions from a subarctic fen in the Hudson Bay Lowlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4465-4479 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Hanis ◽  
M. Tenuta ◽  
B. D. Amiro ◽  
T. N. Papakyriakou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
Filling Method ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) flux (FCH4) over a subarctic fen at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada was measured to understand the magnitude of emissions during spring and fall shoulder seasons, and the growing season in relation to physical and biological conditions. FCH4 was measured using eddy covariance with a closed-path analyser in four years (2008–2011). Cumulative measured annual FCH4 (shoulder plus growing seasons) ranged from 3.0 to 9.6 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 among the four study years, with a mean of 6.5 to 7.1 g CH4 m−2 yr−1 depending upon gap-filling method. Soil temperatures to depths of 50 cm and air temperature were highly correlated with FCH4, with near-surface soil temperature at 5 cm most correlated across spring, fall, and the shoulder and growing seasons. The response of FCH4 to soil temperature at the 5 cm depth and air temperature was more than double in spring to that of fall. Emission episodes were generally not observed during spring thaw. Growing season emissions also depended upon soil and air temperatures but the water table also exerted influence, with FCH4 highest when water was 2–13 cm below and lowest when it was at or above the mean peat surface.

scholarly journals Soil temperature study in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 93 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 149-171
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Lugo-Camacho ◽  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Juan Pérez-Bolívar ◽  
Gregory R. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Soil Temperature Regime ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

Soil temperature measurements from a climate monitoring network in Puerto Rico were evaluated and the difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature, known as isotivity value, was calculated. Air and soil temperature was collected from five weather stations of the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service from sea level to 1,019 m above sea level and from different soil moisture regimes. Isotivity values ranged from 1.2 to 3.9° C with an average of 2.6° C. The 750-m elevation was identified as the limit between the isohyperthermic and isothermic soil temperature regimes in the perudic soil moisture regime in Puerto Rico. The greatest differences between mean annual soil temperature and mean annual air temperature were observed at Guánica, Combate and Guilarte (2.1 ° C) stations. The smallest differences were observed at Maricao (0.8° C) and Isabela (1.8° C) stations. The study also indicated that the mean annual soil temperature in Puerto Rico can be estimated by adding 1.8° C to the mean annual air temperature or by the equation y = -0.007x + 28.0° C. The equation indicates that 97 percent of the time the behavior of the mean annual soil temperature is a function of elevation. According to the updated soil temperature regime boundaries, eight soil series were established in the Soil Survey of San Germán Area. In an area under the isothermic soil temperature regime, four soil series were classified as Oxisols (Haploperox), two soil series as Inceptisols (Eutrudepts) and two soil series as Mollisols (Argiudolls). This is the first field recognition of the Haploperox soil great group in the United States and its territories.

scholarly journals Development of Shallow-Depth Soil Temperature Estimation Model Based on Thermal Response in Permafrost Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keunbo Park ◽  
Heekwon Yang ◽  
Bang Lee ◽  
Dongwook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Temperature Estimation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Depth ◽  
Good Agreement

A soil temperature estimation model for increasing depth in a permafrost area in Alaska near the Bering Sea is proposed based on a thermal response concept. Thermal response is a measure of the internal physical heat transfer of soil due to transferred heat into the soil. Soil temperature data at different depths from late spring to the early autumn period at multiple permafrost sites were collected using automatic sensor measurements. From the analysis results, a model was established based on the relationship between the normalized cumulative soil temperatures (CRCST*i,m and CST*ud,m) of two different depths. CST*ud,m is the parameter of the soil temperature measurement at a depth of 5 cm, and CRCST*i,m is the parameter of the soil temperature measured at deeper depths of i cm (i = 10, 15, 20, and 30). Additionally, the fitting parameters of the mathematical models of the CRCST*i,m–CST*ud,m relationship were determined. The measured soil temperature depth profiles at a different site were compared with their predicted soil temperatures using the developed model for the model validation purpose. Consequently, the predicted soil temperatures at different soil depths using the soil temperature measurement of the uppermost depth (5 cm) were in good agreement with the measured results.

A Study of the Annual Soil Temperature Wave

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES West
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Wave ◽  
Theoretical Equation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Soil temperatures recorded at Griffith over an 8 year period at a depth ranging from 1 in. to 8 ft. have been examined and compared with air temperatures. The observed fluctuations m the soil temperatures fit closely the theoretical equation for the propagation of a simple harmonic temperature wave into the so11. The diffusivity of the sol1 has been deduced and compared with values found by other workers in other localities. The annual wave of the daily mean temperature at the surface of the soil has been deduced and compared with the annual wave of the dally mean air temperature and the differences in the means, amplitudes, and phase displacements have been discussed.

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