scholarly journals The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Col Madendag ◽  
Mefkure Eraslan Sahin ◽  
Yusuf Madendag ◽  
Erdem Sahin ◽  
Mustafa Bertan Demir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Anemia Group

Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) < 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb > 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI <30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (<0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.

scholarly journals Impact of Anemia in Pregnant Women on the Neonatal Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1185-1188
Author(s):  
Raisa Aringazina ◽  
Gulnara Kurmanalina ◽  
Yerlan Bazargaliyev ◽  
Victoria Kononets ◽  
Bakhtiyar Kurmanalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Anemia Group

Background. One of the most prevalent illnesses in the world is anemia. Anemia in pregnant women has been a pressing obstetric issue for many years and is one of the most common complications of pregnancy in the world, particularly in developing countries. Aim. To study the condition of neonates born to women with anemia during pregnancy. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 230 patients' medical records in maternity and pregnancy pathology departments. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 consisted of patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia, Group 2 comprised patients without iron deficiency anemia. Results. The height-to-weight ratio in the group of neonates born to mothers with anemia statistically was significantly lower compared to the control group. The proportion of neonates with hypotrophy in the group born to mothers with anemia statistically was significantly higher. Body length and birth condition indices assessed according to the APGAR scale were virtually identical across the groups. Conclusions. Anemia during pregnancy affects the trophism of a fetus, which is largely reflected in the health of neonates. Treating maternal anemia is important to prevent or decrease the incidence of underweight in infants at birth.

scholarly journals Role of cytokines in pregnant women with chronic iron deficiency anemia in preeclampsia pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dzhabbarova Yu K ◽  
Ismoilova Sh T ◽  
Musakhodzhayeva DA
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Decidual Tissue ◽  
Moderate Anemia

The frequency of development of hypertensive states in IDA reaches 32-45%. The pathogenesis of the combined complications of pregnancy with anemia and preeclampsia, including immunological aspects has been little studied. Purpose: to clarify the role of violations general and local cytokine status in pregnant women with anemia in the genesis of preeclampsia and justify the need to include immuno suppressants for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia. Materials and methods: In 96 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and preeclampsia in the third trimester of gestation the cytokine status of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and lactoferrin in the serum of peripheral blood and in extracts of the placenta decidual tissue was examined by ELISA. Pregnant women were divided into 4 groups: 24-with mild anemia, 18-with moderate anemia, 26-with preeclampsia and with mild anemia and 28 pregnant women with preeclampsia and with moderate anemia. Results: It has been established that preeclampsia on the background of IDA is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p<0,05) and the acute phase protein lactoferrin (p<0,05) on the systemic and to a greater extent on the local level in the development of preeclampsia on the background of anemia of moderate severity (p<0,05). Discussion: The data obtained confirm the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, one of the trigger mechanisms of which is the immune imbalance in iron deficiency anemia. A pathogenetic rationale for the use of immunosuppressive therapy for combined pathology is given. Conclusion: The use of placental hormone - progesterone as an immunosuppressive drug in terms of substantiating new immunotherapy strategies for the prevention of preeclampsia is a topical trend in obstetric practice.

scholarly journals Importance of cytokines in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulduz K. Dzhabbarova ◽  
Shoira T. Ismoilova ◽  
Dilorom A. Musakhodzhayeva
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Moderate Anemia

Hypothesis/aims of study. The frequency of hypertension in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) reaches 3245%. The pathogenesis of pregnancy complicated with anemia and preeclampsia, including immunological aspects, has been little studied. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of general and local cytokine status violations in pregnant women with anemia in the genesis of preeclampsia and to justify the need for inclusion of immunosuppressive agents for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia. Study design, materials and methods. The cytokine status (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF) and the level of lactoferrin in peripheral blood serum and in extracts of the placental decidual tissue were examined by ELISA in 96 pregnant women with IDA and preeclampsia in the third trimester of gestation. Pregnant women were divided into four groups: 24 with mild anemia, 18 with moderate anemia, 26 with preeclampsia and mild anemia, and 28 with preeclampsia and moderate anemia. Results. It has been shown that preeclampsia, along with IDA, is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the acute phase protein lactoferrin at the systemic and, to a greater extent, local level, that is in the decidual membrane of the placenta, in the development of preeclampsia against the background of moderate anemia. The data obtained confirm the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, one of the triggers of which is the immune imbalance in IDA. A pathogenetic rationale for the use of immunosuppressive therapy for combined pathology is given. Conclusion. The use of placental hormone progesterone as an immunosuppressive drug in terms of substantiating new immunotherapy strategies for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia is a topical trend in obstetric practice.

scholarly journals Analysis of the iron profile and the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in the third-trimester pregnant women in the coendemic areas of Bengkulu City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽  
Rizka Muliani ◽  
Rico Januar Sitorus ◽  
Nurlaili Nurlaili
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third

Pregnant women are at risk for iron deficiency anemia especially pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas. This study aimed to analyze the profile of iron in the third trimester pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in co-endemic area of Bengkulu city. This study was cross-sectional study with a total sample of 66 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Examination profile of iron in pregnant women is done by taking blood specimen through the vena cubity. Profile iron includes examination sTfR levels, hepcidin, transferrin were examined by ELISA. Determination of iron deficiency anemia is based on the results of Hb, serum iron and TIBC. The results showed 39.4% of pregnant women experience iron deficiency anemia. There is an average difference between hepcidin levels with the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.031). Based on binary logistic regression analysis profile iron with irondeficiency anemia in pregnant women, hepcidin levels are predictors factors on the incidence of iron deficiency anemia (p-value 0.000, 95% CI .296-.709).

Investigation of ischemia modified albumin levels in iron deficiency anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Bilgili ◽  
Giray Bozkaya ◽  
Funda Kırtay Tütüncüler ◽  
Murat Akşit ◽  
Mehmet Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anemia Group

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), before and after oral iron supplementation in iron deficiency anemia and to determine the correlations between IMA and hemoglobin values.Study design:IMA, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity and albumin levels were measured in 140 female patients with newly established as iron deficiency anemia before and after treatment and in 84 female healthy controls.Results:IMA levels were higher in the anemia group [0.340±0.082 absorbance units (ABSU)] compared to control group (0.291±0.077 ABSU). After oral iron therapy we saw that IMA values (0.392±0.080 ABSU) were higher than the IMA levels of the anemia group and the control group (p<0.05). Only in the anemia group there were negative correlations between IMA and hemoglobin, hematocrit.Conclusion:We conclude that the high levels of IMA in the anemia group might be attributed to hypoxia due to low hemoglobin levels. Iron is an oxidant element and oral iron supplementation may be associated with oxidative stress and may increase IMA levels by changing the albumin molecule. We thought that, IMA can be demonstrative of the severity of anemia since it was correlated with hemoglobin in the anemia group.

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in Pregnant Women of Different Ages in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atta Ullah ◽  
Ali Muhammad Yousafzai ◽  
Gul Nabi Khan ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
Bashir Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Hb Concentration

Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of anemia in pregnant women of Swat District; to analyze the iron variations and its dietary effects.Data were collected during the periods of January &ndash; September 2016. The study of samples comprised of 250 pregnant women in the different trimester. Blood sample from each woman was collected and full blood count (FBC) was conducted through Mindray BC-3000 plus hem analyzer for all pregnant individuals. Confirmed anemic cases were then examined for IDA with serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) through Randox kit and serum transferrin saturation was estimated by formula (serum ferritin saturation =serum iron &times;100/TIBC). The total number of participants in the first trimester were 50, among them 26 women were suffer from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with 52% weightage of prevalence rate, (mean Hb concentration 9.602 &plusmn; 0.87 g/dl). The rates of IDA were 63.3%; ( mean Hb concentration 8.48 &plusmn; 1.24 g/dl) and 54%; ( mean Hb concentration 9.18 &plusmn; 1.28 g/dl), among 150 and 50 participants in the second and third trimester, respectively. A significant correlation was found between serum ferritin and Hb, serum ferritin against MCV and serum ferritin against MCH. The high prevalence of anemia was found 78.2% in the age group from 26-30 followed by 78.2% in the age group 36-40 years compared to those of other age groups in the second trimester. In this study the prevalence of IDA in third trimester is lower compared to first and second trimester.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants in a Portuguese population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Cristiana Maximiano ◽  
Mariana Portela ◽  
Juliana Almeida ◽  
Alexandra Estrada ◽  
Henedina Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Moderate Anemia

INTRODUCTION Iron deficiency is the world most prevalent nutritional disorder which is associated with impaired neurocognitive function in infants. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Portuguese infants remains unknown. The last study was performed by one of us (HA) in 1994 in a sample of 188 infants revealing a prevalence of IDA of 19%. The main objective of this study is to determine the current prevalence of IDA in a sample of infants nine months of age in Braga, Portugal. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on a random sample of infants born from September 2016 to February 2017 at Braga Hospital. They were evaluated for anthropometry, socio-economic factors, feeding regime and a blood sample was taken for blood cell counts, serum ferritin and C reactive protein. RESULTS Forty-two infants were included. The prevalence of IDA was 7.1%.  Nine infants were anemic (21%); moderate anemia was observed in 2/9 of infants and mild anemia in 7/9 infants. Of the 3 infants with IDA, 2 had been exclusively breastfed until 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Compared to a study from 1994, there may have been a reduction in the prevalence of IDA in this area in Portugal.

scholarly journals The importance of RET-He in the diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia and the evaluation of response to oral iron therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-502
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ali Uçar ◽  
Mesude Falay ◽  
Simten Dağdas ◽  
Funda Ceran ◽  
Selin Merih Urlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Group A ◽  
Iron Parameters ◽  
Anemia Group

SummaryBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) is a superior indicator of blood count and other iron parameters in terms of diagnosing iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and thus evaluating a patient’s response to oral iron treatment.MethodsThe research population consisted of 217 participants in total: 54 control, 53 ID, 58 non-ID anemia, and 52 IDA patients. A hemoglobin (Hb) value of < 130.0 g/L was defined as indicating anemia for men, while an Hb value of < 120.0 g/L was defined as indicating anemia for women. All patients were administered 270 mg oral elemental iron sulphate daily.ResultsThe RET-He was significantly lower in the IDA group, compared to other groups (IDA: 21.0 ± 4.1, ID: 26.0 ± 4.9, non-ID anemia: 32.1 ± 6.8, control: 36.6 ± 7.0; < 0.001). The ID group had a lower RET-He compared to the non-ID anemia group and the control group. On the 5th day of treatment, the ID and IDA group showed no significant differences in terms of Hb while the RET-He level demonstrated a significant increase. The increase in the RET-He level observed in the IDA group on the 5th day was significantly higher compared to the increase observed in the ID group. A RET-He value of 25.4 pg and below predicted ID diagnosis with 90.4% sensitivity and 49.1% specificity in IDA patients, compared to the ID group.ConclusionsThe results of our study, therefore, suggest that RET-He may be a clinically useful marker in the diagnosis of ID and IDA.

scholarly journals The impact of iron deficiency correction in pregnant women on the perinatal period and children’s health status

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Balashova ◽  
L. I. Mazur ◽  
Yu. V. Tezikov ◽  
I. S. Lipatov
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
Anemia Group ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To identify the effects of gestational iron deficiency anemia after treatment with iron-containing drugs  during the perinatal period on the health status of full-term children during their 1st year of life.Patients and methods.The authors carried out a prospective observational cohort study of full-term infants of I & II health group from their birth to twelve months. The course of pregnancy and labor was analyzed retrospectively. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein were measured in the six and twelve months old children and their mothers in 6 months after giving birth. We examined 140 couples of mother-child with gestational anemia (Group 1) and 166 couples without anemia during pregnancy (Group 2) in 6 months after giving birth, and in 12 months – 103 and 131 couples respectively. All women with iron deficiency anemia (Group 1) received therapy during pregnancy. Results. Gestational anemia is associated with threatened miscarriage (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.496; 95% CI 2.013–6.072), chronic placental insufficiency (OR 1.907; 95% CI 1.025–3.548), delivery by cesarean section (OR 2.729; 95% CI 1.651–4.502), increased infectious morbidity in pregnant women (OR 1.079; 95% CI 1.025–3.548) and insufficient lactation (OR 1.990; 95% CI 1.209– 3.277). Treated anemia during pregnancy is not associated with low birth weight and low weight of 6 and 12 months old children. 8.6% of 6 months old children suffered from iron deficiency anemia, which is two times lower than in the group without anemia (p=0.007). The frequency of iron deficiency anemia did not differ in 12 months old children (р=0.543). Conclusion: Iron supplementation reduces the negative impact of anemia on child’s health, including anthropometric indicators, iron stores, and risk of infectious diseases. The indirect effect is maintained through the adverse course of the perinatal period and the low duration of lactation. 

A National Survey of Iron and Folate Status in Pregnant Women in Switzerland

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Y. Hess ◽  
Michael B. Zimmermann ◽  
Silvia Brogli ◽  
Richard F. Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Low Serum

Women often do not meet the increased iron and folate needs of pregnancy. Maternal iron-deficiency anemia is associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes, including preterm delivery and low birth weight. Poor folate status increases risk for maternal anemia, spontaneous abortion, and congenital defects. Because of this, supplemental iron and folate are often recommended during pregnancy. There are few data on iron and folate status in pregnant women in Switzerland. We measured iron and folate status in a national sample of Swiss pregnant women, estimated the prevalence of anemia, and determined if supplement use is associated with iron and/or folate status in this group. A 3-stage probability to size cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative national sample of pregnant women (n = 381) in the second and third trimester. We measured hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and serum folate and ferritin concentrations. Serum transferrin receptor concentration was determined in anemic subjects. The use of iron and folate supplements was evaluated by questionnaire. Mean hemoglobin (± SD) in the sample was 123 g/L (± 1.0). The prevalence of anemia was 6%. Of the 21 anemic women, 11 were iron-deficient, giving an iron-deficiency anemia prevalence of 3%. Nineteen percent of women had low serum ferritin concentrations (< 12 ug/L) and 4% had low serum folate concentrations (< 2.5 ug/L). Supplements containing iron were taken by 65% of women, and 63% were taking folate-containing supplements. Women in the second and third trimester taking folate-containing supplements had significantly higher serum folate concentrations compared to those not taking a folate supplement (p < 0.001). In the third trimester, women taking iron-containing supplements had significantly higher serum ferritin concentrations compared to those not taking an iron-containing supplement (p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that iron and folate status appears to be adequate in the majority of pregnant women in Switzerland, and that use of iron and folate supplements may have a positive impact on status.

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