The Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants in a Portuguese population

INTRODUCTION Iron deficiency is the world most prevalent nutritional disorder which is associated with impaired neurocognitive function in infants. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in Portuguese infants remains unknown. The last study was performed by one of us (HA) in 1994 in a sample of 188 infants revealing a prevalence of IDA of 19%. The main objective of this study is to determine the current prevalence of IDA in a sample of infants nine months of age in Braga, Portugal. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study on a random sample of infants born from September 2016 to February 2017 at Braga Hospital. They were evaluated for anthropometry, socio-economic factors, feeding regime and a blood sample was taken for blood cell counts, serum ferritin and C reactive protein. RESULTS Forty-two infants were included. The prevalence of IDA was 7.1%. Nine infants were anemic (21%); moderate anemia was observed in 2/9 of infants and mild anemia in 7/9 infants. Of the 3 infants with IDA, 2 had been exclusively breastfed until 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Compared to a study from 1994, there may have been a reduction in the prevalence of IDA in this area in Portugal.

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Hepcidin levels can distinguish anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency anemia in a cross-sectional study of hidradenitis suppurativa patients

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mondana H. Ghias ◽

Andrew D. Johnston ◽

Kayla M. Babbush ◽

Allison J. Kutner ◽

H. Dean Hosgood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽

Cross Sectional

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Evaluation of serum electrolyte levels in iron deficiency anemia patients.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.05.5702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (05) ◽

pp. 691-696

Author(s):

Maryam Rafiq ◽

Amna Arooj ◽

Qurrat-ul-Ain Tahir ◽

Nudrat Fayyaz ◽

Afra Samad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Medical College ◽

Complete Blood Counts

Objectives: To evaluate electrolytes levels in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia and to compare it with patients without anemia. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: November, 2019 to May, 2020. Material & Methods: After taking informed consent, five milliliter of blood was drawn from each patient. Blood sample was analyzed for electrolytes, complete blood counts and serum ferritin levels. Results were compared in normal and iron deficiency anemic groups. Results: A total of 287 clinically anemic suspects including 181 (63.0%) female and 106 (37.0%) male with mean age of patients as 36.11±12.23 were included in this study. A total of 205 (71.4%) of the suspects had anemia whereas frequency of anemia remained higher among females (78.5%) as compared to males (59.5%) in this study. On the basis of serum ferritin levels a total of 178 (62.0%) patients had iron deficiency. Mean values of Sodium (130.41±0.59) and Bicarbonate (24.10±0.31) remained low while mean Potassium (4.33±0.07) and Chloride (103.93±0.47) levels of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) group remained high as compared to non-anemic group. Conclusion: Levels of sodium and bicarbonate are found to be on the lower side while potassium and chloride remained on higher side in patients with Iron deficiency Anemia in this study. Thus these findings indicate close monitoring of electrolytes to evade impediments during management of patients.

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The Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia Early in the Third Trimester on Small for Gestational Age and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Fetal Weight

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/7613868 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilknur Col Madendag ◽

Mefkure Eraslan Sahin ◽

Yusuf Madendag ◽

Erdem Sahin ◽

Mustafa Bertan Demir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Mild Anemia ◽

Moderate Anemia ◽

Anemia Group

Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) in early third trimester pregnancies. Methods. A total of 4800 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. We included pregnant women who had iron deficiency anemia between 26+0 and 30+0 weeks of gestation and delivered singletons between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation. Patients were divided into four groups according to anemia level: (1) hemoglobin (Hb) < 7 mg/dl (n = 80), (2) Hb 7–9.9 mg/dl (n = 320), (3) Hb 10–10.9 mg/dl (n = 1300), and (4) Hb > 11 mg/dl (n = 3100, control group). The primary outcome of this study was the presence of SGA. Results. The demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar among all the groups. Maternal age, BMI <30 kg/m2, nulliparity rates, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Ethnicity was significantly different in the severe and moderate anemia groups (<0.001). Mean fetal weight was 2900 ± 80 g in the severe anemia group, 3050 ± 100 g in the moderate anemia group, 3350 ± 310 g in the mild anemia group, and 3400 ± 310 g in the control group. Fetal weight was significantly lower in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). The SGA rate was 18.7% in the severe anemia group, 12.1% in the moderate anemia group, 5.3% in the mild anemia group, and 4.9% in the control group. SGA was significantly higher in the severe and moderate anemia groups compared to the mild anemia and control groups (<0.001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicated that early third trimester severe and moderate iron deficiency anemia was associated with SGA. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women may lead to low birth weight.

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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.02.3083 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Naresh Kumar Seetlani ◽

Khalid Imran ◽

Kashif Sadruddin ◽

Asif Ali ◽

Pyar Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Causes ◽

Hospital Stays

Objectives: To determine the frequency of dual lesions detected by Upper and lower GI endoscopies in patients with iron deficiency anemia without obvious blood loss. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Civil Hospital Karachi from 1st Feb 2015 to 31st July 2015. Methodology: A total 163 patients with Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) for duration of 6 months were registered. Upper and lower GI endoscopies were done in all patients. Outcome variable were the presence of dual lesion identified by gastroenterologist during Upper and lower GI endoscopies. All the results were catered in the pre-approved performa and findings were evaluated by SPSS 17. Results: The average age of the patients was 40.64±11.17 years. Frequency of dual lesions detected by Upper and lower GI endoscopies in patients with iron deficiency anemia without obvious blood loss was observed in 38.65% (63/163) cases. Conclusion: Upper GI tract lesion like gastritis, duodenitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer were the most common causes of IDA without obvious blood loss. However, Dual lesions were not uncommon, thus both procedures (upper and lower GI endoscopies) were required in most (particularly elderly) patients. This can help to provide shorter hospital stays, reduced medical costs and faster decision making for patient care.

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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.01.1919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (01) ◽

pp. 100-105

Author(s):

Hamzullah Khan ◽

Khalid Khan ◽

Fazle Raziq ◽

Aamir Naseem

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Study Results ◽

Red Cell Indices ◽

Age Range

Objectives: To determine the importance of the RDW and other red cell indices(MCV, HBG) in the prediction of iron deficiency anemia in third trimester of pregnancy in a tertiarycare hospital of Peshawar. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: OPD Department ofGynecology and Obstetrics Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady reading Hospital (PGMI-LRH)st th Peshawar. Period: 1 August 2012- 10 Dec 2012. Material and Methods: A Total of 152 womenattending the centre were included. Necessary information’s were recorded on the questionnaireprepared in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: A total of 152 women in theirthird trimester presenting to Gynecology and obstetrics department of Lady reading hospitalPeshawar. The age range of the patient was from 20 years to 55 years with mean age of33+3.4years.Out of total 27(18%) were primagravida. Majority of the cases 118(77.6%) werefrom Peshawar, 9% from charsadda, 8% nowshera etc. We also received 2 patients 1.2% fromAfghanistan. Regarding financial status 57 %( 87) females were in upper Class ( i.e. income>20000/month) on recall. Of total 81(53%) of the females were having hemoglobin less than11g/dl and 22% of the women had HCT<32% which as per criteria of the WHO were anemic at thetime of presentation. While 29(19%) patients had low value of MCV (microcytic). Fifty five patients(36.2%) had RDW CV(%) more than 15% which points more towards the microcytic nature ofanemia and more anisocytosis. Conclusions: Fifty five patients (36.2%) had RDW CV(%) morethan 15% which points more towards the microcytic nature of anemia. While 29(19%) patientshad low value of MCV (microcytic). Increased RDW is best indicator for the detection of irondeficiency anemia than MCV. Increased RDW even in the presence of normal MCV can be anearly signal for iron deficiency anemia in pregnacy. Hence RDW is more reliable indicator for irondeficiency especially in pregnancy. Changes in RDW in last trimester is more significant that MCV.

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Contributing factors to iron deficiency anemia in women in Jordan: A single-center cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0205868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0205868 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Awidi ◽

Hisham Bawaneh ◽

Hadil Zureigat ◽

Muna AlHusban ◽

Abdalla Awidi

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Single Center ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

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Iron deficiency anemia in an Egyptian pediatric population: A cross-sectional study

Annals of African Medicine ◽

10.4103/1596-3519.148725 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

EmanFawzy Halawa ◽

SamarMohamed Sabry ◽

Dalia Ahmed ◽

MohamedM. E. Al Ghwass

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA:

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.02.1998 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 155-158

Author(s):

SAEED SIDDIQUI ◽

ATIF SITWAT HAYAT ◽

M. KHALID SIDDIQUI ◽

Naila Atif ◽

Hamayun Shah

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

High Altitude ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Age Range

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in a sample of population of pregnant women residingpermanently at high altitude of ≥5000 feet in different areas of district Abbottabad. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place & duration ofStudy: Northern Institute of Medical Sciences Abbottabad: From 17 August 2009 to 15 June 2010. Subjects and Methods: This study wascarried out on hundred pregnant women residing permanently at an altitude of ≥5000 feet above sea level in district Abbottabad. The agerange was fixed to 15-45 (child bearing age ) years. Suspected study participants having anemia were tested for iron status by serum ferritintest. Pregnant women having both anemia and iron deficiency were labeled as patients of Iron deficiency anemia. Results: The age range was15-41 years with a mean of + / - SD of 28.13 + / - 6.61. All women were of low and middle socioeconomic class with 74 % illiteracy. 60 % of womenhad birth spacing of two or less than two years. 64 % of pregnant women had three children. Anemia was detected in 74 % (X2 =9.42 p > 0.05),iron deficiency in 66 % (X2 = 14.76 p <0.01) and iron deficiency anemia in 60 % (X2 = 13.56 p < 0.01). Conclusions: High altitude residentpregnant women remain at high risk of developing iron deficiency anemia because of illiteracy, poverty and ignorance. With adequate nutritionand health education the problem can be addressed effectively.

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