scholarly journals Probiotics for Alleviating Alcoholic Liver Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zelin Gu ◽  
Yanlong Liu ◽  
Shumeng Hu ◽  
Ying You ◽  
Wancong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Mucosal Permeability

Many animal experiments and clinical trials showed that probiotics are effective for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol disrupts the composition of intestinal flora; probiotics modulate the gut microbiota and reverse alcohol-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction by decreasing intestinal mucosal permeability and preventing intestinal bacteria from translocating. Probiotics enhance immune responses and reduce the levels of alcohol-induced inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the liver and intestine. Probiotics also increase fatty acid β-oxidation and reduce lipogenesis, combating alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of probiotics for reducing the effects of alcoholic liver disease.

scholarly journals Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Bacterial Translocation and Inflammation: Deathly Triad in Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bercis Imge Ucar ◽  
Gulberk Ucar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Sepsis Detection

Sepsis, as a complex entity, comprises multiple pathophysiological mechanisms which bring about high morbidity and mortality. The previous studies showed that the gastrointestinal tract is damaged during sepsis, and its main symptoms include increased permeability, bacterial translocation (BT), and malabsorption. BT is the invasion of indigenous intestinal bacteria via the gut mucosa to other tissues. It occurs in pathological conditions such as disruption of the intestine’s ecological balance and mucosal barrier permeability, immunosuppression, and oxidative stress through transcellular/paracellular pathways and initiate an excessive systemic inflammatory response. Thereby, recent clinical and preclinical studies focus on the association between sepsis and intestinal barrier dysfunction. This chapter overviews the current knowledge about the molecular basis of BT of the intestine, its role in the progress of sepsis, detection of BT, and actual therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Liver Cirrhosis and Intestinal Bacterial Translocation

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Tao Lan ◽  
Bao-chun Chen ◽  
Li-ping Fu ◽  
Zhi-juan Li ◽  
Xiang-jun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Bacterial Products

Abstract Intestinal barrier dysfunction, facilitating translocation of bacteria and bacterial products, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis and its complications. Intestinal defense system including microbial barrier, immunologic barrier, mechanical barrier, chemical barrier, plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal function. Under normal circumstances, the intestinal barrier can prevent intestinal bacteria through the intestinal wall from spreading to the body. Severe infection, trauma, shock, cirrhosis, malnutrition, immune suppression conditions, intestinal bacteria and endotoxin translocation, can lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The intestinal microflora is not only involved in the digestion of nutrients, but also in local immunity, forming a barrier against pathogenic microorganisms. The derangement of the gut microflora may lead to microbial translocation, defined as the passage of viable microorganisms or bacterial products from the intestinal lumen to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other extraintestinal sites. In patients with cirrhosis, primary and intestinal flora imbalance, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, endotoxemia is associated with weakened immunity.

Assessment of nutritional status and in vivo immune responses in alcoholic liver disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Mills ◽  
A Shenkin ◽  
R S Anthony ◽  
A S McLelland ◽  
A N Main ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease

Targeting the gut-liver-immune axis to treat cirrhosis

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-320786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Henry Tranah ◽  
Lindsey A Edwards ◽  
Bernd Schnabl ◽  
Debbie Lindsay Shawcross
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Cirrhotic portal hypertension is characterised by development of the decompensating events of ascites, encephalopathy, portal hypertensive bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome, which arise in a setting of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) and define morbidity and prognosis. CAID describes the dichotomous observations that systemic immune cells are primed and display an inflammatory phenotype, while failing to mount robust responses to pathogen challenge. Bacterial infections including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are common complications of advanced chronic liver disease and can precipitate variceal haemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome and acute-on-chronic liver failure; they frequently arise from gut-derived organisms and are closely linked with dysbiosis of the commensal intestinal microbiota in advanced chronic liver disease.Here, we review the links between cirrhotic dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction and deficits of host-microbiome compartmentalisation and mucosal immune homoeostasis that occur in settings of advanced chronic liver disease. We discuss established and emerging therapeutic strategies targeted at restoring intestinal eubiosis, augmenting gut barrier function and ameliorating the mucosal and systemic immune deficits that characterise and define the course of decompensated cirrhosis.

A story of liver and gut microbes: how does the intestinal flora affect liver disease? A review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. G889-G906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giuffrè ◽  
Michele Campigotto ◽  
Giuseppina Campisciano ◽  
Manola Comar ◽  
Lory Saveria Crocè
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Gut Mucosal Barrier

Each individual is endowed with a unique gut microbiota (GM) footprint that mediates numerous host-related physiological functions, such as nutrient metabolism, maintenance of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against microbial pathogens. Because of increased scientific interest in the GM, its central role in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal conditions has been recognized. Given the close relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, many pathological processes have been investigated in the light of a microbial-centered hypothesis of hepatic damage. In this review we introduce to neophytes the vast world of gut microbes, including prevalent bacterial distribution in healthy individuals, how the microbiota is commonly analyzed, and the current knowledge of the role of GM in liver disease pathophysiology. Also, we highlight the potentials and downsides of GM-based therapy.

scholarly journals Targeting Microbiota: What Do We Know about It at Present?

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksejs Derovs ◽  
Sniedze Laivacuma ◽  
Angelika Krumina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Integrity

The human microbiota is a variety of different microorganisms. The composition of microbiota varies from host to host, and it changes during the lifetime. It is known that microbiome may be changed because of a diet, bacteriophages and different processes for example, such as inflammation. Like all other areas of medicine, there is a continuous growth in the area of microbiology. Different microbes can reside in all sites of a human body, even in locations that were previously considered as sterile; for example, liver, pancreas, brain and adipose tissue. Presently one of the etiological factors for liver disease is considered to be pro-inflammatory changes in a host’s organism. There are lot of supporting data about intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability and its effect on development of liver disease pointing to the gut–liver axis. The gut–liver axis affects pathogenesis of many liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of brain health, emphasizing the gut–brain axis. Also, experiments with mice showed that microorganisms have significant effects on the blood–brain barrier integrity. Microbiota can modulate a variety of mechanisms through the gut–liver axis and gut–brain axis. Normal intestinal flora impacts the health of a host in many positive ways, but there is now significant evidence that intestinal microbiota, especially altered, have the ability to impact the pathologies of many diseases through different inflammatory mechanisms. At this point, many of the pathophysiological reactions in case of microbial disbyosis are still unclear.

Synbiotics reduce ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation by improving intestinal permeability and microbiota in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Chun Chiu ◽  
Ya-Li Huang ◽  
Ya-Ling Chen ◽  
Hsiang-Chi Peng ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Animal Experiments

Clinical and animal experiments indicated that gut-derived endotoxin and imbalanced intestinal microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document