scholarly journals FatalBalamuthia mandrillarisEncephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy Yohannan ◽  
Mark Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Balamuthia Mandrillaris ◽  
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Left Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Caucasian Female ◽  
Hiv Negative

Balamuthia mandrillarisis a rare cause of granulomatous meningoencephalitis associated with high mortality. We report a 69-year-old Caucasian female who presented with a 3-day history of worsening confusion and difficulty with speech. On admission, she was disoriented and had expressive dysphasia. Motor examination revealed a right arm pronator drift. Cerebellar examination showed slowing of finger-nose testing on the left. She was HIV-negative, but the absolute CD4 count was low. Neuroimaging showed three cavitary, peripherally enhancing brain lesions, involving the right frontal lobe, the left basal ganglia, and the left cerebellar hemisphere. She underwent right frontal craniotomy with removal of tan, creamy, partially liquefied necrotic material from the brain, consistent with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis on tissue staining. Immunohistochemical studies and PCR tests confirmed infection withBalamuthia mandrillaris. She was started on pentamidine, sulfadiazine, azithromycin, fluconazole, flucytosine, and miltefosine. The postoperative course was complicated by an ischemic stroke, and she died a few weeks later.

scholarly journals P.158 Feeling Green

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (s3) ◽  
pp. S65-S65
Author(s):  
A Ghare ◽  
K Langdon ◽  
A Andrade ◽  
R Kiwan ◽  
A Ranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Myeloid Sarcoma ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Hematologic Neoplasms ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immature Myeloid Cells ◽  
Long Course ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare solid tumour made of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells in an extramedullary site or in bone, associated with systemic hematologic neoplasms. When they occur in the brain parenchyma, they can often be misdiagnosed. Methods: The authors report a case of a 4-year old boy 6 months out of remission from AML, presenting with a short history of headaches and vomiting, and found to have a heterogenous contrast-enhancing lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere, with differential diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma and ATRT. Preliminary diagnosis was made flow cytometry from an intraoperative biopsy. The patient had a long course of chemotherapy and radiation, but eventually died from the systemic burden of his AML. Results: The authors present a literature review on 178 published cases of CNS myeloid sarcomas, and their radiological presentation and the basis of immunohistochemical and pathological diagnosis is discussed. Conclusions: Diagnosis rests on a combination of immunohistochemistry and histopathology of biopsied tissue. Surgical resection is controversial, especially given the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation, and prognosis remains unclear. As with all uncommon and rare clinical entities, further investigation is warranted to determine prognosis and optimal management of CNS myeloid sarcomas.

scholarly journals Intracranial And Intraorbital Rosai Dorfman Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5187-5191
Author(s):  
Sivapriya G Nair ◽  
Jina Raj ◽  
Sajesh K Menon ◽  
Suhas Udayakumaran ◽  
Roshni P R
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Massive Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Rosai Dorfman Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Suprasellar Extension

Rosai Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder. It is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis. It is with massive lymphadenopathy involves an overproduction of a type of white blood cell. The disease is rarely associated with intracranial and intraorbital involvement. Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman can mimic meningioma. Other pathologies also underline its pathologies. Here, we report a nine-year-old boy with a history of proptosis of the right eye and presenting with multiple skull lesions. Histopathological study revealed Sphenopetroclival lesion, which features that of Rosai Dorfman Disease. His MRI scan of the brain was taken, which showed evidence of right optic nerve meningioma with sella and suprasellar extension, causing severe proptosis. The child underwent right frontotemporal craniotomy with petrosectomy and Transylvanian, subtemporal approach to multicompartmental Rosai-Dorfmans lesion. After four months, the patient had a recurrence of the disease on which chemotherapy and steroids were started, which also did not show much response while taking an MRI scan. A corticosteroid is a useful option in the Central Nervous System Rosai Dorfman disease treatment. But this patient showed a negative outcome to the treatment.

scholarly journals Epileptic Seizure Provoked by Bone Metastasis of Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia and Merkel Cell Carcinoma – Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Folyovich ◽  
Angéla Majoros ◽  
Tamás Jarecsny ◽  
Gitta Pánczél ◽  
Zsuzsanna Pápai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Merkel Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cerebral Metastasis ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine cutaneous tumor, rarely metastatizing to the brain. Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a disease predisposing to MCC. According to previous reports, headache and focal neurological deficits suggest disease progression to the brain. We present a patient with MCC whose seizure was not elicited by a cerebral metastasis, but by bone metastases compressing the brain. Case presentation The 62-year-old female patient had a history of CLL. A lesion with the appearance of an atheroma was removed from the right upper arm. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of MCC. She was admitted to the neurology department with her first GM seizure. The cranial MRI/MRA showed bone metastases in the right parietal and left frontal areas, compressing the brain. Flow cytometry of CSF did not reveal metastasis of MCC or CLL. No surgery was performed, chemotherapy was continued. Conclusions The case history of the patient was unique even among the rare cases of MCC with neurological involvement. The seizure was not elicited by a cerebral metastasis, but by bone metastases compressing the brain. In addition to patient history, clinical presentation and radiological findings enabled a suspected diagnosis preceding confirmation by laboratory methods.

Spontaneous resolution of invasive cerebral aspergillosis following partial resection in a medically untreated infant

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Thakar ◽  
Yasha T. Chickabasaviah ◽  
Alangar S. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Cerebral Hemiatrophy ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
The Brain

Invasive craniocerebral aspergillosis, often encountered in an immunocompromised setting, is almost uniformly fatal despite radical surgical and medical management, and is frequently a necropsy finding. The authors report a unique, self-resolving clinical course of this aggressive infection in a 10-month-old infant. The infant was brought to the emergency services in altered sensorium with a 1-week history of left-sided hemiparesis, excessive irritability, and vomiting. An MRI study of the brain revealed multiple, heterogeneously enhancing lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere with mass effect. The largest lesion in the frontotemporal cortical and subcortical regions was decompressed on an emergent basis. Histopathological findings were suggestive of invasive aspergillosis, although there was no evidence of the infection in the lungs or paranasal sinuses. Computed tomography–guided aspiration of the remaining lesions and follow-up antifungal therapy were recommended. The parents, however, requested discharge without further treatment. The child was seen at a follow-up visit 3 years later without having received any antifungal treatment. Imaging showed resolution of the infection and features of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (cerebral hemiatrophy). This report of invasive cerebral aspergillosis resolving without medical therapy is the first of its kind. Its clinicoradiological aspects are discussed in light of previously reported cases.

scholarly journals Epileptic Seizure Provoked by Bone Metastasis of Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia and Merkel Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
András Folyovich ◽  
Angéla Majoros ◽  
Tamás Jarecsny ◽  
Gitta Pánczél ◽  
Zsuzsanna Pápai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Merkel Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cerebral Metastasis ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary neuroendocrine cutaneous tumor, rarely metastasizing to the brain. Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a disease predisposing to MCC. According to previous reports, headache and focal neurological deficits suggest disease progression to the brain. We present a patient with MCC whose seizure was not elicited by a cerebral metastasis, but by bone metastases compressing the brain. Case Presentation. A 62-year-old female patient had a history of CLL. A lesion with the appearance of an atheroma was removed from the right upper arm. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of MCC. She was admitted to the neurology department with her first GM seizure. The cranial MRI/MRA showed bone metastases in the right parietal and both frontal areas, compressing the brain. Flow cytometry of CSF did not reveal metastasis of MCC. Conclusions. The case history of the patient was unique even among the rare cases of MCC with neurological involvement. The seizure was not elicited by a cerebral metastasis, but by bone metastases compressing the brain. In addition to patient history, clinical presentation and radiological findings enabled a suspected diagnosis of skull metastasis of MCC compressing the brain, causing symptomatic epileptic seizures.

Convexity Meningioma Presenting as Postpartum Eclampsia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bello B Shehu ◽  
Nasiru J Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Progressive Weakness ◽  
In Pregnancy

A 37-year-old woman, Para 5+0 presented with a 1 year history of recurrent convulsions and progressive weakness of the right side of the body. She had been treated for postpartum eclampsia in her last delivery but symptoms recurred 3 months later. Evaluation including computerized tomography scan of the brain suggested a parieto-temporal meningioma, which was completely excised at craniotomy. Histology confirmed this to be a meningioma. The patient was well at 8 months of follow up. The growth of meningiomas may increase during pregnancy due to presence of receptors for progestational hormones in the tumour and the meningioma may become symptomatic in pregnancy, presenting as eclampsia. Close follow up of patients with eclampsia is necessary to identify neurological features that may lead to a diagnosis of meningioma. Early diagnosis is essential if a good outcome is to be ensured.

Balamuthia mandrillaris from soil samples

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2837-2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma H. Dunnebacke ◽  
Frederick L. Schuster ◽  
Shigeo Yagi ◽  
Gregory C. Booton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Balamuthia Mandrillaris ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Different Soils

Balamuthia mandrillaris amoebas are recognized as a causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, a disease that is usually fatal. They were first recognized when isolated from the brain of a mandrill baboon that died in the San Diego Zoo Wild Life Animal Park. Subsequently, the amoebas have been found in a variety of animals, including humans (young and old, immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons), in countries around the world. Until recently, the amoebas had not been recovered from the environment and their free-living status was in question. The recovery of a Balamuthia amoeba from a soil sample taken from a plant at the home of a child from California, USA, who died of Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis, was reported previously. In a continued investigation, a second amoeba was isolated from soil that was obtained from an outdoor potted plant in a spatially unrelated location. A comparison of these two environmental amoebas that were isolated from different soils with the amoeba that was obtained from the child's clinical specimen is reported here. Included are the isolation procedure for the amoebas, their growth requirements, their immunological response to anti-Balamuthia serum, their sensitivity to a selection of antimicrobials and sequence analysis of their 16S rRNA gene. The evidence is consistent that the amoebas isolated from both soil samples and the clinical isolate obtained from the Californian child are B. mandrillaris.

scholarly journals Fonsecaea pugnacius, a Novel Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 2674-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceição M. P. S. de Azevedo ◽  
Renata R. Gomes ◽  
Vania A. Vicente ◽  
Daniel W. C. L. Santos ◽  
Sirlei G. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Novel Agent

We report a fatal case of a chromoblastomycosis-like infection caused by a novel species ofFonsecaeain a 52-year-old immunocompetent Caucasian male from an area of chromoblastomycosis endemicity in Brazil. The patient had a 30-year history of slowly evolving, verrucous lesions on the right upper arm which gradually affected the entire arm, the left hemifacial area, and the nose. Subsequent dissemination to the brain was observed, which led to death of the patient. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large subunit (LSU),BT2, andCDC42genes of the isolates recovered from skin and brain were sequenced, confirming the novelty of the species. The species is clinically unique in causing brain abscesses secondary to chromoblastomycosis lesions despite the apparent intact immunity of the patient. Histopathologic appearances were very different, showing muriform cells in skin and hyphae in brain.

scholarly journals A history of the path towards imaging of the brain: From skull radiography through cerebral angiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Kamal ◽  
Edward J. Fine ◽  
Banafsheh Shakibajahromi ◽  
Ashkan Mowla
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Frontal Horn ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

This publication reviews the steps in the path towards obtaining a complete image of the brain. Up to the 1920s, plain X-ray films could demonstrate only calcified tumors, shifts in midline position of a calcified pineal gland due to a mass in the cranium, or foreign metallic objects within the skull. Walter Dandy reported in 1918 that he visualized cerebral ventricles by introducing air as a contrast agent through a trocar into one of the occipital lobes or the right frontal horn of the ventricular system. Dandy localized lesions that distorted or shifted the ventricles. In 1920, Dandy placed air by lumbar puncture into the spinal subarachnoid space that could visualize the brain and entire ventricles. Antonio Egas Moniz with the assistance of his neurosurgeon colleague, Almeida Lima, obtained X-ray images of cerebral arteries of dogs and decapitated human heads from corpses after injecting strontium bromide into their carotid arteries. Satisfied by these experiments, Moniz injected strontium bromide directly into carotid arteries of five patients which failed to show intracranial vessels. In the sixth patient, intracranial arteries were outlined but that patient died of cerebral thrombosis presumably due to the hyper- osmolality of that contrast agent. Finally, on June 18, 1927, Moniz injected 22% sodium iodine into a 20-year-old man and obtained clear visualization of his carotid artery and intracerebral branches after temporarily occluding the artery with a ligature. 

scholarly journals Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Nakamura ◽  
Mai Yanagida ◽  
Keisuke Saito ◽  
Yasuyuki Kamata ◽  
Takao Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ebv Dna ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Brain

Abstract A 53-year-old woman with a 6-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented with pharyngeal pain, fever, and altered mental status. The patient had been treated with methotrexate (MTX) 12 mg/week, baricitinib 4 mg/day, and tacrolimus 2 mg/day. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed diffuse high-intensity lesions in the cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem, and right cerebellar hemisphere. She was diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis due to elevated levels of EBV-DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Although MTX-associated lymphoproliferative disorders are well-known complications in patients with RA, EBV encephalitis requires careful attention for such patients undergoing treatment with multiple potent immunosuppressants.

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