Silver Ecotoxicity Estimation by the Soil State Biological Indicators

The use of silver in various spheres of life and production leads to an increase in environmental pollution, including soil. At the same time, the environmental consequences of silver pollution of soils have been studied to a much lesser extent than those of other heavy metals. The aim of this study is to estimate silver ecotoxicity using the soil state biological indicators. We studied soils that are significantly different in resistance to heavy metal pollution: ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozems, Loamic), sierosands (Haplic Arenosols, Eutric), and brown forest acidic soil (Haplic Cambisols, Eutric). Contamination was simulated in the laboratory. Silver was introduced into the soil in the form of nitrate in doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg. Changes in biological parameters were assessed 10, 30, and 90 days after contamination. Silver pollution of soils in most cases leads to deterioration of their biological properties: the total number of bacteria, the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the activity of enzymes (catalase and dehydrogenases), and the phytotoxicity indicators decrease. The degree of reduction in biological properties depends on the silver concentration in the soil and the period from the contamination moment. In most cases, there is a direct relationship between the silver concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties. The silver toxic effect was most pronounced on the 30th day after contamination. In terms of their resistance to silver pollution, the studied soils are in the following order: ordinary chernozem > sierosands ≥ brown forest soil. The light granulometric composition of sierosands and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils, as well as the low content of organic matter, contribute to high mobility and, consequently, high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. The regional maximum permissible concentration (rMPC) of silver in ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozems, Loamic) is 4.4 mg/kg, in sierosands (Haplic Arenosols, Eutric) 0.9 mg/kg, and in brown forest soils (Haplic Cambisols, Eutric) 0.8 mg/kg.

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Biodiagnostics of stability of soils of southern Russia to silver pollution

South of Russia ecology development ◽

10.18470/1992-1098-2021-1-61-75 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 61-75

Author(s):

S. I. Kolesnikov ◽

N. I. Tsepina ◽

Т. V. Minnikova ◽

L. V. Sudina ◽

К. Sh. Kazeev

Keyword(s):

Forest Soils ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

High Mobility ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Matter Content ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽

Southern Russia ◽

Brown Forest Soils

Aim. To assess the resistance of soils in the south of Russia to silver pollution using biological indicators.Methods. The contamination of soils in southern Russia (ordinary chernozem, grey sandy and brown forest soils) was simulated with silver under laboratory conditions. Soils were contaminated with water‐soluble silver nitrate in order to reveal the maximum ecotoxicity of silver. Soil stability was assessed according to the most sensitive and informative biological parameters in dynamics of 10, 30 and 90 days after pollution. Results. Silver contamination inhibits the activity of oxidoreductases (catalase and dehydrogenases), reduces the total number of bacteria and the growth and development of radish. For all soils, a direct relationship was noted between silver concentration and the degree of deterioration of soil properties. The toxic effect of silver was most pronounced on the 30th day after contamination. According to their resistance to silver pollution, the soils investigated form the following sequence: ordinary chernozem> grey sandy soil ≥ brown forest soil. Conclusion. The light granulometric composition of grey sandy soils and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils, as well as the low organic matter content, contribute to the high mobility and high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. Regional maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) of silver content in ordinary chernozems, grey sandy and brown forest soils have been determined as ‐ 4.4, 0.9 and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively.

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INFLUENCE OF SILVER POLLUTION ON THE ACTIVITY OF SOIL CATALASE IN SOUTH OF RUSSIA

Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry ◽

10.37279/2413-1725-2020-6-2-259-266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6(72) (2) ◽

pp. 259-266

Author(s):

N. I. Tsepina ◽

L. V. Sudina ◽

T. V., Minnikova ◽

S. I. Kolesnikov

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Ecological Condition ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Mineralization Processes ◽

Regions Of Russia ◽

Brown Forest Soils

Due to the widespread use of products based on silver nanoparticles, the risk of contamination of the soil cover and surface water increases, since an element in this form can leach out of the material. The amount of silver emissions into the environment is increasing every year. There is growing evidence of silver toxicity for living organisms of not only aquatic, but also terrestrial ecosystems. Silver, accumulating in soil in large quantities, like other heavy metals, can have a toxic effect on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil.High doses of the element can have a significant effect on the biological properties and ecological condition of soils. The study of enzyme activity can be used to identify major changes in the soil under the influence of silver. In this regard, it is relevant to study the effect of silver on catalase activity, since this enzyme is an indicator of the potential biological activity of the soil and reflects the intensity of mineralization processes in it. The aim of the work was to study the effect of silver pollution on the activity of soil catalase most characteristic of the southern regions of Russia. The object of the study identified soils characteristic of southern Russia: ordinary chernozems, seropesks and brown forest soils. For model studies, soil samples were taken from the upper arable layer (0‑10 cm), since silver accumulates in the surface soil layers. Silver pollution was modeled in a laboratory. Used silver nitrate at a concentration of 1 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg and 100 mg / kg, the experiment was 3 times biological repetition. The choice of biological indicators is due to the fact that oxidoreductases are most sensitive to chemical pollution among enzymes. This enzyme is an indicator of the biological activity of the soil and reflects the intensity of the mineralization processes in it. Laboratory and analytical studies were carried out using generally accepted methods in biology, soil science and ecology. Catalase activity was determined by the volumetric method according to A.Sh. Galstyan. As a result of the study of the effect of silver on three types of soils, the most characteristic of the southern regions of Russia, a decrease in catalase activity was noted. The degree of reduction of this indicator depended on the dose of the element introduced into the soil. The degree of resistance to silver contamination has the following sequence: common chernozem> sulfur sands ≥ brown forest soil. This is probably due to the light particle size distribution of sulfur sand and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils (pH = 5.8), as well as a low content of organic matter (1.8 % and 2.3 %, respectively), which contributes to high mobility, and therefore and high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. A decrease in the activity of catalase of ordinary chernozem was observed for 90 days. At 1 UDC on the 30th and 90th day of the experiment, the same decrease in the studied parameter was observed. A similar pattern was observed at 10 UDC at the same experimental time. At 100 UDC (100 mg / kg) on the 90th day after contamination, a tendency toward restoration of catalase activity was observed, however, control values before silver contamination were not achieved. Chernozems have a high number of microorganisms and their high activity, and pollution tolerance mechanisms provide detoxification of soils from exposure to silver.

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Influence of Pollution by Antibiotics on Biological Properties of Soils (Through the Example of Ordinary Chernozem)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-183643/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuliya Akimenko

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Polyphenol Oxidase ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Biological Parameters

Abstract In model laboratory and field conditions, the influence of pollution by antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, pharmasin, tromexin, aliseryl, and nystatin) on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem was examined in concentrations of 1-1000 mg/kg. A decrease in the majority of the basic biological parameters of chernozem occurs when the concentration of antibiotics is 100 mg/kg of soil. In most cases, there was a direct relationship between the content of antibiotics in the soil and the scale of a decrease in the studied parameters. The degree of the influence of antibiotics was determined by their nature, concentration and time of exposure. Antibacterial antibiotics had more negative impact on the studied indicators than fungicidal ones. By the degree of inhibiting the biological properties of chernozem, antibiotics formed the following sequence: ampicillin > benzylpenicillin ≥ streptomycin ≥ oxytetracycline > tylosin ≥ pharmasin > nystatin > tromexin > aliseryl. Among the examined biological parameters when polluted by antibiotics, the most informative one was the number of ammonifying bacteria and the activity of dehydrogenases. The least informative was the indicator of catalase activity. The abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter in case of pollution by antibiotics was not informative. The degree of a decrease in biological indicators was more pronounced in laboratory conditions than in the field ones. The rate of the biological activity recovery of chernozem after pollution in the field was 2 times higher. According to the degree of resistance to antibiotics, the investigated microorganisms of chernozem formed the following sequence: bacteria of the genus Azotobacter > micromycetes > amylolytic bacteria > ammonifying bacteria. Enzymes formed the following sequence: peroxidase ≥ polyphenol oxidase > catalase > dehydrogenase > invertase ≥ phosphatase. Antibiotics had prolonged influence on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem. The examined parameters were observed not to be recovered to control values even on the 120th day after the pollution.

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The Limits of Resistance of Soils and Ecosystems of Crimea to Heavy Metals Pollution

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2019-10-56-60 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

S.I. Kolesnikov ◽

N.A. Vernigorova ◽

A.A. Kuzina ◽

K.Sh. Kazeev ◽

I.V. Kostenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Dry Steppes ◽

The Crimea ◽

Heavy Metals Pollution ◽

Mountain Meadows ◽

Maximum Permissible Content ◽

Brown Forest Soils

A study is carried out to determine the limits of resistance of soils and ecosystems of Crimea to pollution of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni by biological indicators. It is established that the Crimean soil in terms of resistance to Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni pollution is located as follows: residual carbonate chernozems> southern chernozems> dark chestnut alkaline ≥ mountain meadow ≥ brown carbonate> brown forest soils, and terrestrial ecosystems have the following series of stability: true steppes> dry steppes ≥ mountain meadows ≥ light forests> broad-leaved forests. In terms of ecotoxicity to heavy soils and ecosystems of Crimea, heavy metals form a series: Cr> Cu ≥ Pb ≥ Ni. The regional standards of the maximum permissible content of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni in the main soils of the Crimea and the most effective ways of their rehabilitation in case of pollution are proposed.

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Comparative Evaluation of the Stability of the Brown Forest Soils of Crimea and the Caucasus to Pollution with Heavy Metals

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2021-1-65-71 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

S.I. Kolesnikov ◽

D.I. Moshchenko ◽

A.A. Kuzina ◽

T.A. Ter-Misakyants ◽

E.N. Nevedomyaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Western Caucasus ◽

Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽

The Crimea ◽

The Western Caucasus ◽

Central Caucasus ◽

The Republic ◽

Brown Forest Soils

This article assesses the resistance of brown forest soils of the Republic of Crimea, the Western and Central Caucasus to pollution by lead, chromium, nickel, and copper, and develops regional maximum permissible concentrations of these heavy metals. Soil contamination was modeled under laboratory conditions. Heavy metals were added in the form of oxides. Soil stability assessment was carried out by biological indicators. The brown forest soil of the Republic of Crimea proved to be the most resistant to pollution. The higher stability of the brown forest soils of the Western Caucasus relative to similar soils of the Central Caucasus, apparently, is determined by the higher content of organic matter in them, despite their lower acidity. Heavy metals formed the following series in terms of ecotoxicity for brown forest soils: Cr> Cu ≥ Ni ≥ Pb. The values of regional maximum permissible concentrations of lead, chromium, nickel and copper in the brown forest soils of the Crimea, Central and Western Caucasus are proposed.

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Complex effect of pyrogenic impact factors on biological properties of chernozems

Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens ◽

10.36305/0513-1634-2020-134-80-87 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

M. Y. Odabashyan ◽

A. V. Trushkov ◽

K. Sh. Kazeev ◽

T. V. Minnikova ◽

S. I. Kolesnikov

Keyword(s):

Infrared Radiation ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Biological Condition ◽

Fire Smoke ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Gas Burner ◽

First Time

For the first time, the influence of pyrogenic effects on the biological condition of the ordinary chernozem of the Rostov region. In model experiments in 2017-2019 investigated the change in the biological properties of the soil when exposed to the flame of a gas burner (duration 1, 2, 3 minutes), infrared radiation (to a temperature of 100, 200 and 400°C), as well as smoke from straw combustion at different temperatures (52 and 139°C for 3, 9 and 30 minutes). When exposed to fire, smoke and infrared radiation revealed a decrease in the values of biological indicators. Enzyme activity decreases when exposed to gas burner by 17-30%, when exposed to infrared radiation - by 55-84%, and when exposed to hot (136°C) smoke - by 16-32%. The degree of reduction depended on the duration of exposure, soil moisture and temperature. Microbial biomass is reduced - by 35-52% when exposed to the fire of a gas burner, 49-68% when exposed to infrared radiation, and 10-35% when exposed to smoke.

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