scholarly journals Influence of Pollution by Antibiotics on Biological Properties of Soils (Through the Example of Ordinary Chernozem)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Akimenko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Biological Parameters

Abstract In model laboratory and field conditions, the influence of pollution by antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, pharmasin, tromexin, aliseryl, and nystatin) on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem was examined in concentrations of 1-1000 mg/kg. A decrease in the majority of the basic biological parameters of chernozem occurs when the concentration of antibiotics is 100 mg/kg of soil. In most cases, there was a direct relationship between the content of antibiotics in the soil and the scale of a decrease in the studied parameters. The degree of the influence of antibiotics was determined by their nature, concentration and time of exposure. Antibacterial antibiotics had more negative impact on the studied indicators than fungicidal ones. By the degree of inhibiting the biological properties of chernozem, antibiotics formed the following sequence: ampicillin > benzylpenicillin ≥ streptomycin ≥ oxytetracycline > tylosin ≥ pharmasin > nystatin > tromexin > aliseryl. Among the examined biological parameters when polluted by antibiotics, the most informative one was the number of ammonifying bacteria and the activity of dehydrogenases. The least informative was the indicator of catalase activity. The abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter in case of pollution by antibiotics was not informative. The degree of a decrease in biological indicators was more pronounced in laboratory conditions than in the field ones. The rate of the biological activity recovery of chernozem after pollution in the field was 2 times higher. According to the degree of resistance to antibiotics, the investigated microorganisms of chernozem formed the following sequence: bacteria of the genus Azotobacter > micromycetes > amylolytic bacteria > ammonifying bacteria. Enzymes formed the following sequence: peroxidase ≥ polyphenol oxidase > catalase > dehydrogenase > invertase ≥ phosphatase. Antibiotics had prolonged influence on the biological properties of ordinary chernozem. The examined parameters were observed not to be recovered to control values even on the 120th day after the pollution.

INFLUENCE OF SILVER POLLUTION ON THE ACTIVITY OF SOIL CATALASE IN SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
N. I. Tsepina ◽  
L. V. Sudina ◽  
T. V., Minnikova ◽  
S. I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

Due to the widespread use of products based on silver nanoparticles, the risk of contamination of the soil cover and surface water increases, since an element in this form can leach out of the material. The amount of silver emissions into the environment is increasing every year. There is growing evidence of silver toxicity for living organisms of not only aquatic, but also terrestrial ecosystems. Silver, accumulating in soil in large quantities, like other heavy metals, can have a toxic effect on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil.High doses of the element can have a significant effect on the biological properties and ecological condition of soils. The study of enzyme activity can be used to identify major changes in the soil under the influence of silver. In this regard, it is relevant to study the effect of silver on catalase activity, since this enzyme is an indicator of the potential biological activity of the soil and reflects the intensity of mineralization processes in it. The aim of the work was to study the effect of silver pollution on the activity of soil catalase most characteristic of the southern regions of Russia. The object of the study identified soils characteristic of southern Russia: ordinary chernozems, seropesks and brown forest soils. For model studies, soil samples were taken from the upper arable layer (0‑10 cm), since silver accumulates in the surface soil layers. Silver pollution was modeled in a laboratory. Used silver nitrate at a concentration of 1 mg / kg, 10 mg / kg and 100 mg / kg, the experiment was 3 times biological repetition. The choice of biological indicators is due to the fact that oxidoreductases are most sensitive to chemical pollution among enzymes. This enzyme is an indicator of the biological activity of the soil and reflects the intensity of the mineralization processes in it. Laboratory and analytical studies were carried out using generally accepted methods in biology, soil science and ecology. Catalase activity was determined by the volumetric method according to A.Sh. Galstyan. As a result of the study of the effect of silver on three types of soils, the most characteristic of the southern regions of Russia, a decrease in catalase activity was noted. The degree of reduction of this indicator depended on the dose of the element introduced into the soil. The degree of resistance to silver contamination has the following sequence: common chernozem> sulfur sands ≥ brown forest soil. This is probably due to the light particle size distribution of sulfur sand and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils (pH = 5.8), as well as a low content of organic matter (1.8 % and 2.3 %, respectively), which contributes to high mobility, and therefore and high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. A decrease in the activity of catalase of ordinary chernozem was observed for 90 days. At 1 UDC on the 30th and 90th day of the experiment, the same decrease in the studied parameter was observed. A similar pattern was observed at 10 UDC at the same experimental time. At 100 UDC (100 mg / kg) on the 90th day after contamination, a tendency toward restoration of catalase activity was observed, however, control values before silver contamination were not achieved. Chernozems have a high number of microorganisms and their high activity, and pollution tolerance mechanisms provide detoxification of soils from exposure to silver.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Ecotoxicity Of Thallium By Biological Indicator Of Soil Condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kolesnikov ◽  
Kamil Kazeev ◽  
Yuliya Akimenko ◽  
Tigran Ter-Misakyants ◽  
Elena Nevedomaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal

Abstract Thallium is a rare and highly toxic heavy metal. The scale and degree of soil contamination with thallium are increasing every year, and the associated environmental risks have been insufficiently investigated. Model laboratory experiments on the ordinary chernozem pollution with thallium oxide (III) have been carried out. It has been found that the ordinary chernozem pollution with thallium worsened its biological activity. The total bacterial count, the abundance of the Azotobacter bacteria, the activity of catalase, the activity of dehydrogenases, and the germination of radish seeds decreased. The degree of deterioration of the chernozem biological activity depends on the thallium concentrations in soil and the period from the moment of contamination. In the vast majority of cases there is a direct correlation between the thallium content in the soil and the level of soil biological activity reduction. The greatest negative impact of thallium pollution on chernozem biological activity has manifested itself 30 days after contamination. On the 90th day, there was a pronounced tendency to restore the chernozem biological activity. However, the chernozem biological activity did not restore to the initial uncontaminated soil values. At contamination of chernozem with thallium, microbiological indices (the bacterial count and the abundance of the Azotobacter bacteria) were more sensitive, and the enzyme activity indicators (catalase, dehydrogenase) and phytotoxicity (germination of plant seeds) were more informative. All used indicators of biological activity demonstrated high sensitivity to soil contamination with thallium and high correlation coefficients with the thallium content in the soil. Therefore, these biological indicators should be used for monitoring, diagnosis, indication and regulation of soil contamination with thallium.

scholarly journals Complex effect of pyrogenic impact factors on biological properties of chernozems

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
M. Y. Odabashyan ◽  
A. V. Trushkov ◽  
K. Sh. Kazeev ◽  
T. V. Minnikova ◽  
S. I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Biological Condition ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Gas Burner ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the influence of pyrogenic effects on the biological condition of the ordinary chernozem of the Rostov region. In model experiments in 2017-2019 investigated the change in the biological properties of the soil when exposed to the flame of a gas burner (duration 1, 2, 3 minutes), infrared radiation (to a temperature of 100, 200 and 400°C), as well as smoke from straw combustion at different temperatures (52 and 139°C for 3, 9 and 30 minutes). When exposed to fire, smoke and infrared radiation revealed a decrease in the values of biological indicators. Enzyme activity decreases when exposed to gas burner by 17-30%, when exposed to infrared radiation - by 55-84%, and when exposed to hot (136°C) smoke - by 16-32%. The degree of reduction depended on the duration of exposure, soil moisture and temperature. Microbial biomass is reduced - by 35-52% when exposed to the fire of a gas burner, 49-68% when exposed to infrared radiation, and 10-35% when exposed to smoke.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEADOW-CHESTNUT SOIL OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Z.A. Tukenova ◽  
◽  
A.E. Amangeldy ◽  
T.A. Bazarbayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an ecological assessment of the impact of heavy metals on the biological properties of meadow chestnut trees in the southeast of Kazakhstan. The paper presents data on the study of the effect of heavy metals on the biological activity of soils. A review of literature data on the content of heavy metals in the environment is given, and the negative impact of some of them on the biological properties of meadow-chestnut soil is described. The species of soil invertebrates were identified, as well as soil enzymes that should be used as bioindicators for monitoring the contamination of meadow-chestnut soils with heavy metals. The results obtained will expand knowledge about changes in the biological activity of meadow-chestnut soils under the influence of HM pollution in the ecosystems of southeastern Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Silver Ecotoxicity Estimation by the Soil State Biological Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. I. Kolesnikov ◽  
N. I. Tsepina ◽  
L.V. Sudina ◽  
T. V. Minnikova ◽  
K. Sh. Kazeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Silver Concentration ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Haplic Chernozems ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

The use of silver in various spheres of life and production leads to an increase in environmental pollution, including soil. At the same time, the environmental consequences of silver pollution of soils have been studied to a much lesser extent than those of other heavy metals. The aim of this study is to estimate silver ecotoxicity using the soil state biological indicators. We studied soils that are significantly different in resistance to heavy metal pollution: ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozems, Loamic), sierosands (Haplic Arenosols, Eutric), and brown forest acidic soil (Haplic Cambisols, Eutric). Contamination was simulated in the laboratory. Silver was introduced into the soil in the form of nitrate in doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg. Changes in biological parameters were assessed 10, 30, and 90 days after contamination. Silver pollution of soils in most cases leads to deterioration of their biological properties: the total number of bacteria, the abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the activity of enzymes (catalase and dehydrogenases), and the phytotoxicity indicators decrease. The degree of reduction in biological properties depends on the silver concentration in the soil and the period from the contamination moment. In most cases, there is a direct relationship between the silver concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties. The silver toxic effect was most pronounced on the 30th day after contamination. In terms of their resistance to silver pollution, the studied soils are in the following order: ordinary chernozem > sierosands ≥ brown forest soil. The light granulometric composition of sierosands and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils, as well as the low content of organic matter, contribute to high mobility and, consequently, high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. The regional maximum permissible concentration (rMPC) of silver in ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozems, Loamic) is 4.4 mg/kg, in sierosands (Haplic Arenosols, Eutric) 0.9 mg/kg, and in brown forest soils (Haplic Cambisols, Eutric) 0.8 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Effect of poultry litter and livestock manure on soil physical and biological indicators in a rice-wheat rotation system

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Li ◽  
X.L. Zhong ◽  
F. Wang ◽  
Q.G. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Livestock Manure

Organic manure is considered as a beneficial fertilizer on soil quality and an excellent alternative resource of chemical fertilizer (CF). However, organic manure from intensive farms may have a negative impact on soil quality because of containing some harmful components, such as heavy metal and antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of poultry litter (PL) and livestock manure (LM) from intensive farming on soil physical and biological indicators of soil quality. Results showed that PL and LM amendment increased soil macropore and mesopore volumes and decreased soil micropore volumes. Tensile strength in PL and LM treatment were lower than those in CF, while soil aggregate wet stability index were greater than those in CF. Compared with CF treatment, the microbial biomass C and N contents (+89%, +74%), soil basal respiration rate (+49%) and soil microbial quotient (+45%) in PL and LM treatment were significantly greater. Significant linear correlations were found between soil organic carbon and most soil physical and biological properties (P < 0.01). The results suggested that modern intensive farm manures can be alternate chemical fertilizers as a main fertilizer to improve soil physical and biological indicators in a rice-wheat system.

Biological Function and Chemistry of Endothelin. A Review

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1211-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváček ◽  
Renáta Marcová
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Snake Venoms ◽  
Vasoactive Peptides ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Endothelin A

The first part of this review deals with the biosynthesis and a biological function of strongly vasoactive peptides named endothelins (ETs) including vasoactive intestinal contractor. Where it was useful, snake venoms sarafotoxins which are structural endothelin derivatives, were also mentioned. In the second part, an attention is paid to structural basis of the ETs biological activity, with respect to alterations of amino acid residues in the parent peptides modifying the conformation and consequently the physico-chemical and biological properties in corresponding ETs analogs. Special attention is focussed on the area of ETs receptors and their interaction with peptide and non peptide agonists and antagonists, important in designing selective inhibitors of ETs receptors potentially applicable as drugs in a medicine. A review with 182 references.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial Properties, and In Vitro Studies of Selenium and Strontium Co-Substituted Hydroxyapatite

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4246
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqbool ◽  
Qaisar Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Atiq Ur Atiq Ur Rehman ◽  
Mark Cresswell ◽  
Phil Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cells

In this study, as a measure to enhance the antimicrobial activity of biomaterials, the selenium ions have been substituted into hydroxyapatite (HA) at different concentration levels. To balance the potential cytotoxic effects of selenite ions (SeO32−) in HA, strontium (Sr2+) was co-substituted at the same concentration. Selenium and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatites (Se-Sr-HA) at equal molar ratios of x Se/(Se + P) and x Sr/(Sr + Ca) at (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2) were synthesized via the wet precipitation route and sintered at 900 °C. The effect of the two-ion concentration on morphology, surface charge, composition, antibacterial ability, and cell viability were studied. X-ray diffraction verified the phase purity and confirmed the substitution of selenium and strontium ions. Acellular in vitro bioactivity tests revealed that Se-Sr-HA was highly bioactive compared to pure HA. Se-Sr-HA samples showed excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus carnosus) bacterial strains. In vitro cell–material interaction, using human osteosarcoma cells MG-63 studied by WST-8 assay, showed that Se-HA has a cytotoxic effect; however, the co-substitution of strontium in Se-HA offsets the negative impact of selenium and enhanced the biological properties of HA. Hence, the prepared samples are a suitable choice for antibacterial coatings and bone filler applications.

Aktywność biologiczna ekstraktów z propolisu

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Woźniak ◽  
Anna Kwiatkowska ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia ◽  
Katarzyna Sosnowska ◽  
Lucyna Mrówczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Dpph Test

Introduction. Propolis, also known as bee glue, is a resinous material collected by honeybees with numerous biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer effects. Due to its health-promoting properties, propolis is a component of many products, including dietary supplements, cosmetics and healthy food. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of propolis extracts, as well as to compare the biological activity of propolis extracts, depending on the solvent used – ethyl alcohol or propylene glycol. Material and methods. Two propolis extracts were used in the research – the first was prepared in ethyl alcohol, and the second in propylene glycol. The antimicrobial activity of the examined extracts was determined against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. The antioxidant activity was determined on the basis of the evaluation of their antiradical activity in the DPPH· test and Fe2+ chelating activity. Moreover, the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the tested extracts was determined using the colorimetric method. Results. The tested propolis extracts, regardless of the solvent used (ethyl alcohol or propylene glycol), showed high antibacterial (against S. aureus), antifungal (against C. albicans) and antioxidant (antiradical activity in the DPPH· test and ferrous iron chelating potency in the ferrozine test) activity. Moreover, both tested extracts were characterized by a high and similar content of bioactive compounds – phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Conclusions. The results of the conducted tests showed that the solvent used did not affect determined biological activity and the content of bioactive substances in the tested propolis extracts.

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