scholarly journals Evaluation of the Potential Use of Levan Polysaccharide in Paper Conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rumeysa Ozen Saglam ◽  
Seval Genc ◽  
Ebru Toksoy Oner
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Color Shift ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Accelerated Thermal Aging

Conservation of paper-based materials, namely, manuscripts, includes repair of tears, gap filling, consolidation, and fixation, which requires the use of adhesives. The adhesive in use for these purposes should be compatible with the chemical and physical properties of paper and should present good aging characteristics. In this study, we conducted a set of experiments with paper samples on which fructan-based biopolymer Halomonas levan (Hlevan) was applied for the first time and compared with glucan-based adhesive starch. Adhesive-applied samples were initially prepared by the application of different historical recipes of sizing and ink. Then, they underwent accelerated thermal aging. Chemical and physical changes of paper samples (crystallinity, pH, and color) were analyzed. Finally, Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify dominating factors affecting sample behavior with applied adhesives. This study demonstrates the aging characteristics of Hlevan on cellulose-based materials. The results showed that there is a color shift from blue to yellow for all samples after aging, but it is more pronounced for some samples with Hlevan. In addition, Hlevan is slightly less acidic than starch in all cases and acted as a plasticizer for a specific kind of sizing material. The methodology of this research is also efficacious in terms of understanding the interaction of paper media with the adhesives and their effects on aging.

Reliability Parameters Forecasting for Transmission Lines Based on Principal Component Regression

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2381-2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xia Liu ◽  
Ji Kai Xu ◽  
Hong Yuan Jiang ◽  
Yong Tao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Simulation Results

It is the foundation for evaluating the reliability of transmission lines to obtain and analyze the original reliability parameters. However, these parameters depend on long- term statistic and calculation. In the case of lacking such parameters in a new project , this paper proposes a method of Principal Component Analysis to obtain the principal component of the impacting factors ,in which various factors affecting reliability parameters are taken into account. Through this method, we can use PCR to obtain the failure rate of the unknown transmission lines on the base of the known credible lines’ rates. The simulation results show that the proposed approach possesses higher forecasting accuracy and provides references for the power system dispatching departments and transmission lines maintenance departments.

Reflectance FTIR Microspectroscopy for Studying Effect of Xylan Removal on Unbleached and Bleached Birch Kraft Pulps

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ristolainen ◽  
R. Alén ◽  
P. Malkavaara ◽  
J. Pere
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Ftir Microspectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Physical Changes

Summary The effect of the partial removal of xylan on unbleached and bleached birch kraft pulps was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and the resulting data were analyzed by multivariate data analysis, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and maximum likelihood principal component analysis (MLPCA). Isolated model substances (xylan, cellulose and lignin) were used to calibrate these methods. Clear chemical changes in the relative proportions of the main constituents and functional groups on the pulp fiber surface were observed as a function of the amount of xylan removed. In addition, due to the partial removal of xylan, indications of some physical changes were observed.

scholarly journals Research on key influence factors of creativity development of applied undergraduates based on PCA

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangmin Ren ◽  
Jingwei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Core ◽  
Creativity Development ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Core Characteristics

Abstract Creativity is one of the core characteristics of talent; for this reason, the creativity development of applied undergraduates should be one of the basic components of their education. This article gives an overview of the meaning of the creativity of applied undergraduates and makes a literature knowledge-mining and expert investigation on the factors affecting the creativity development. We obtained more than 100 influencing factors, filtered out the duplicative factors, and formed the remaining factors into a questionnaire. A survey was conducted among 1460 teachers and students of some applied undergraduates in Heilongjiang Province. By using principal component analysis (PCA) to analyse the questionnaire, the key factors that affect the creativity development of applied undergraduates are obtained, and the key factors are systematically analysed. According to the results of the analysis, the specific ways and methods of the creativity development of applied undergraduates are put forward.

scholarly journals Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: impact of soil factors on their distribution

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Hallouti ◽  
Mohamed Ait Hamza ◽  
Abdelaziz Zahidi ◽  
Rachid Ait Hammou ◽  
Rachid Bouharroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background Studying the ecology of biocontrol-agents is a prerequisite to effectively control medfly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) with entomopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of medfly-associated entomopathogenic-fungi were studied. Soil samples (22) were collected from natural and cultivated areas of Souss-region Morocco. Results A total of 260 fungal isolates belonging to 22 species and 10 genera were obtained by using medfly pupae as bait. Medfly-associated fungi were detected in all studied soils and pupae infection percentages ranged from 3.33% to 48%. Two genera, Fusarium and Beauveria were the most frequent with 83 isolates (32%) and 50 isolates (19.23%) respectively. Pathogenicity test of isolated species against medfly pupae showed high mortality rates up to 91% for some strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a strong influence of origin, physical, and chemical properties of soil on the abundance of these fungi. In general, medfly-associated fungi were more abundant in soils with moderate pH (7.5 to 8) having high sand and organic content. High relative humidity negatively influenced the abundance of these fungi. Both factors directly affected the fungal infection percentages in pupae. The response of fungi to these parameters varied among species. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the soils of argan fields and forests were more suitable for the development of medfly-associated fungi than citrus orchards. Conclusions These results guide identifying suitable soils for the effective application of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. In summary, isolated indigenous strains seem to be a promising option to control C. capitata.

Heating Effects of Desi Ghee Using Raman Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed ◽  
Shaukat Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Heating Effects ◽  
Excitation Laser ◽  
First Time

Raman spectroscopy as a fast and nondestructive technique has been used to investigate heating effects on Desi ghee during frying/cooking of food for the first time. A temperature in the range of 140–180℃ has been investigated within which Desi ghee can be used safely for cooking/frying without much alteration of its natural molecular composition. In addition, heating effects in case of reuse, heating for different times, and cooking inside pressure cookers are also presented. An excitation laser at 785 nm has been used to obtain Raman spectra and the range of 540–1800 cm−1 is found to contain prominent spectral bands. Prominent variations have been observed in the Raman bands of 560–770 cm−1, 790–1160 cm−1, and 1180–1285 cm−1 with the rise in temperature. The spectral variations have been verified using classifier principal component analysis. It has been found that Desi ghee can be reused if heated below 180℃ and it can be heated up to 30 min without any appreciable molecular changes if a controlled heating can be managed.

scholarly journals Barriers to increasing fruit and vegetable intakes in the older population of Northern Ireland: low levels of liking and low awareness of current recommendations

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M Appleton ◽  
Rory McGill ◽  
Charlotte Neville ◽  
Jayne V Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Willingness To Change ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate barriers to increasing fruit and vegetable (f + v) intakes in a large sample of the older population of Northern Ireland (NI), in relation to current intakes.DesignThe study was conducted using a telephone survey assessing f + v intakes, barriers to increasing intakes and various demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Barriers to increasing intakes were investigated using twenty-two closed-response items and one open-response item.SettingNI.SubjectsFour hundred and twenty-six older people from NI, representative of the older population of NI.ResultsPrincipal component analysis of the twenty-two closed-response items revealed five factors affecting f + v consumption. Significant associations with current intakes were found where greater f + v consumption was associated with greater ‘liking’ for f + v (B = 0·675, P < 0·01), greater ‘awareness of current recommendations’ for consumption (B = 0·197, P < 0·01) and greater ‘willingness to change’ (B = 0·281, P < 0·01). ‘Ease of consumption’ and ‘difficulties in achieving consumption’ were not associated with f + v intakes. Similar associations between f + v intakes and ‘liking’ and ‘awareness’ were also found in those consuming low intakes of f + v or those at risk of consuming low intakes. Low awareness and knowledge of recommendations were also found in response to the open-ended question in all groups, although some weight was also given here to environmental difficulties, such as cost and access.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that interventions aiming to increase f + v intakes in the older population of NI should focus predominantly on improving liking and improving knowledge and awareness of current recommendations.

Research on Waste Tubes Recycling with Material Properties in Wuhan

2014 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jia Ying Wang ◽  
Liang Liang Liang ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Wan Li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Effect Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Personal Profile ◽  
Is Theory ◽  
Main Factors

The theoretical framework of this research is Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). And from personal profile, residual effect factors and attitudes to recycling, this research investigates the factors affecting residents’ behavior of recycling waste fluorescent tubes, the characteristics of the behavior and related preference. The survey data are collected by the means of questionnaires and their exploratory analysis is conducted by SPSS and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The statistical result illustrates that the main factors affecting the behaviors are propaganda, enterprise, recycling device, stimulation and government. Based on the summary of research result, a recycling device used to recycle waste tubes in communities is designed to improve this research.

Principal component analysis in the linear theory of vibrations: Continuous mechanical systems driven by different kinds of external noise

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622093294
Author(s):  
J Awrejcewicz ◽  
VA Krysko ◽  
SA Mitskievich ◽  
IE Kutepov ◽  
IV Papkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Colored Noise ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Spherical Shells ◽  
First Time

In this study, an analysis of mechanical vibrations influenced by external additive white Gaussian noise and colored noise is conducted using the principal component analysis. The principal component analysis is widely employed for encoding images in image processing, biology, economics, sociology, and political science. However, it is hereby applied to analyze nonlinear dynamics of continuous mechanical systems for the first time. A rich class of objects, including straight beams, beams on Winkler foundations and spherical shells, is investigated in the present paper. The basic differential equations are obtained based on the Bernoulli–Euler hypothesis, and solutions of the linear PDEs are analyzed by means of the principal component analysis. Results obtained with the principal component analysis are compared with those for the method of empirical modal decomposition and the wavelet-packet decomposition.

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