scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors in Antiretroviral-Treated HIV/AIDS-Positive Adults from 2013 to 2018 at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yared Asmare Aynalem ◽  
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw ◽  
Zeleke Woldiye
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Debre Berhan ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of less than or equal to 13.9 g/dl for male and less than or equal to 12.2 g/dl for female adults. It is one of the most common hematological abnormalities in people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and is a determining factor for disease progression and death. Among the countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia is one of the most affected nations by HIV. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among HIV-positive adults that had received antiretroviral treatment (ART) at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital. Methods. An institution-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 263 adults with HIV/AIDS that had undergone ART at Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Data were collected from patient charts using systematic sampling with a pretested data extraction tool and entered using EpiData 3.1. Variables having a p value ≤0.25 in the bivariate were fitted to a multivariable regression model with a 95% confidence interval. p values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. Results. Among the 263 HIV-positive patients, 237 (90.11%) were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of anemia was 26.2%. Factors that were significantly associated with anemia were past opportunistic infections, patients being in WHO clinical stage III and IV, and a BMI <18.5. Conversely, those patients who took anti-TB medication were less likely to have anemia. Conclusion. Our study shows that the severity of anemia among HIV/AIDS patients that had undergone ART is lower than most studies conducted in Ethiopia. We also found that opportunistic infection, WHO clinical staging, anti-TB treatment, and low BMI were significantly associated with anemia. Therefore, routine screening of patient nutritional status and opportunistic infections may be useful in predicting and controlling anemia in HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegu Hailu Gebru ◽  
Haftea Hagos Mekonen ◽  
Kbrom Gemechu Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Undernutrition and HIV/AIDS are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia inclusive as linked in a vicious cycle. Thus, several studies have documented that undernutrition among HIV/AIDS patients increases the risk of mortality, decrease survival rates, affect the overall clinical outcome and quality of life. Despite this fact, information about the burden of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy is lacking in the particular study area. Hence, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIADS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy patients in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional research design was adopted in data collection while systematic sampling technique was employed to sample and select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 394 study subjects through face to face method. Also, data on demographics, laboratory and anthropometric variables were collected from each selected patients sampled. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval were used to find factors associated with undernutrition. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated to show the strength of the association. Variables with p-value of < 0.05 were considered statically significant. Results The mean age of the respondents was 41 (± 10). Out of 394 study respondents, about 42.9% of them were undernourished (95% CI: 37.8–47.7). Respondents who had CD4+ count less than 200 cells/μl (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1–3.36), being advanced clinical staging (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.11–6.18), and not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.21–4.6) were independently associated with undernutrition. Conclusion The result of this study indicated that the prevalence of undernutrition was high. Respondents with advanced clinical stage of CD4+ count less than 200 cells/ul and those that were not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy was found to be positively associated with undernutrition. Therefore, the implementation of nutritional programs is very crucial to improve the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients in the particular study.

scholarly journals Under-nutrition and associated factors among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemberu Nigussie ◽  
Bekahegn Girma ◽  
Alemayehu Molla ◽  
Moges Mareg ◽  
Esmelealem Mihretu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background In the developing world, such as the sub-Saharan African region, HIV/AIDS has worsened the impact of under-nutrition in children. HIV infected children are highly vulnerable to under-nutrition. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of under-nutrition, and the pooled effect sizes of associated factors among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods The primary studies for this review were retrieved from PubMed/ MEDLINE online, Science Direct, Hinari, web of science, CINHAL, EMBASE, WHO databases, Google, and Google Scholar databases. The articles selected for this meta-analysis were published between 2010 and 2020. The last search date was 18 October 2021. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel format and exported to STATA Version 14.0. A random effect meta-analysis model was used. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 test. The Egger weighted regression test was used to assess publication bias. Results We retrieved 847 records from these databases. Of which records, 813 were excluded due to different reasons and 34 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting in HIV infected children was 46.7% (95% CI; 40.36–53.07, I2 = 98.7%, p < 0.01), 35.9% (95% CI; 30.79–41.02, I2 = 97.4% p < 0.01), and 23.0% (95% CI; 18.67–27.42, I2 = 96.9%, p < 0.01) respectively. The advanced WHO HIV/AIDS clinical staging (III&IV) [OR = 6.74 (95%: 1.747, 26.021), I2 = 94.7%] and household food insecurity were associated with stunting [OR = 5.92 (95% CI 3.9, 8.87), I2 = 55.7%]. Low family economic status [OR = 4.737 (95% CI: 2.605, 8.614), I2 = 31.2%] and increased feeding frequency [OR = 0.323 (95% CI: 0.172, 0.605), I2 = 69.8%] were significantly associated with under-weight. Anemia [OR = 2.860 (95% CI: 1.636, 5.000), I2 = 74.8%] and diarrhea in the previous month [OR = 4.117 (95% CI: 2.876, 5.894), I2 = 0.0%] were also associated with wasting among HIV infected children in sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of under-nutrition among HIV infected children was high. Nutritional assessment and interventions need great attention as a part of HIV care for HIV positive children. The implementation of policies and strategies established by national and international stakeholders in ART care centres should take a maximum emphasis on reducing under-nutrition among HIV infected children.

scholarly journals Magnitude and associated factors of anemia among AZT based HAART experienced adult HIV patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2019: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Worku Wale ◽  
Belete Chanie ◽  
Etetetu Temesgen ◽  
Metadele Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Experienced Adult ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormalities in AIDS patients usually associated with disease progression and poor clinical outcomes. Zidovudine (AZT), which is one of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug families of the first line antiretroviral therapy regimen for HIV/AIDS patients, causes anemia due to early long-term of higher-dose therapy. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of anemia among AZT containing HAART experienced adult HIV/ADIS patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, northwest, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among a total of 320 adult AZT based HAART experienced HIV/AIDS patients from January 2016 to December 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the patients’ charts. All required data for this study were extracted from patients’ medical charts. Data were coded, cleared and entered into Epi Info version 3.5.3, and transformed to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors of anemia and P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significance. Results A total of 320 adult AZT based HAART experienced HIV/AIDS patients’ charts were assessed. Of the total patients, 198 (61.9%) were females and 133 (41.6%) were within the age range of 35–45 years. More than half, 237(76.9%) of the patients were from the urban area and 186 (58.1%) were on WHO clinical stage III at the baseline. The prevalence of anemia was 50% (95% CI 44.7–55.0%), 44.1% (95% CI 38.4–50.0%), 35.6% (95% CI 30.3–40.6%), 40% (95% CI 34.4–45.6%), 40.6% (95% CI 35.0–46.3) and 39.1% (95% CI 33.4–44.1%) at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months and 30 months of follow-up period, respectively. The overall prevalence of anemia was 41.6%. Anemia had significant association with WHO clinical stage and base line Hgb values. Conclusions A significant number of participants were anemic in this study. WHO clinical stage and baseline Hgb value were the contributing factors for anemia among these patients. Therefore, anemia needs an immediate intervention on associated factor to improve the anemic status and living condition of HIV patient.

scholarly journals ADHERENCE TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HIV POSITIVE ADULTS ATTENDING TREATMENT AT NEKEMTE REFERRAL HOSPITAL, WEST ETHIOPIA, 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muktar Abadiga
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract BACK GROUND Antiretroviral therapy has a remarkable clinical effect in decreasing the viral replication, reducing the progress of AIDS and deaths related to AIDS. The clinical outcome of ART depends on the strict adherence to antiretroviral medication. However; only a few studies have been done on the adherence status of ART and its determinant factors in Ethiopia and this study could provide an opportunity to identify obstacles to taking medication. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess adherence status and associated factors among HIV infected patients on ART attending Nekemte referral hospital, West Ethiopia. METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 311 HIV/AIDS patients, from March 01 to March 30, 2019. The study participants were selected by simple random sampling method and were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The data were coded, checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS window version 20.0 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to find the independent variables which best predict adherence. Association and statistical significance were measured using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS A total of 305 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this study. Out of this,73.1% were adhered to their medication. Respondent’s knowledge about HIV and its treatment (AOR=8.13, 95% CI: 3.06, 21.61), family/social support (AOR=7.36, 95% CI: 2.07, 26.10), adverse effects of ARV medications (AOR=5.62, 95% CI: 2.11, 14.93), co-morbidity of other chronic illness (AOR=5.46, 95% CI: 1.86, 16.02), and family disclosure status (AOR= 5.27, 95% CI: 2.20, 12.62) were significantly associated with adherence to medication among HIV/AIDS patients. CONCLUSION In this study, the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy was found low compared to the WHO standard. The clinician should emphasize adverse drug reaction, early detect and treat co-morbidities, improve knowledge through health education, and encourage HIV/AIDS patient to disclose their HIV status.

Cognitive impairment and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients on anti retro -viral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Getachew Yideg Yitbarek ◽  
Gashaw Walle Ayehu ◽  
Belete Achamyelew Ayele ◽  
Wubet Alebachew Bayih ◽  
Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Viral Therapy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Aids
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