scholarly journals Retrospective Descriptive Analysis of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) in Northwest Louisiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Mada ◽  
Philip Sneed ◽  
Gabriel Castano ◽  
Maureen Moore ◽  
Andrew Stevenson Joel Chandranesan
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

Context. West Nile virus (WNV) has become endemic in many states in the United States in recent years. One in 150 individuals with West Nile virus infection develops the West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) and can cause permanent and sometimes fatal neurological damage. Aims. The aim of the study was to describe the presentation characteristics and epidemiology of WNND in Louisiana to improve future recognition of cases and decrease inappropriate antibiotic use. Settings and Design. It was a retrospective descriptive-analytic cohort study. A total of 23 patients with WNND were identified at one tertiary care hospital center in Northwest Louisiana from a retrospective chart review from January 1, 2012 to October 31, 2017. Results. The median age was 49 years (range: 15–75) for patients with WNND. Of 23 patients diagnosed with WNND, twelve (52%) were diagnosed with encephalitis (WNE), six (26%) were diagnosed with meningitis (WNM), and five (22%) with myelitis (WNME). The common symptoms with WNND were fever in 65%, altered mental status in 61%, headache in 52%, fatigue in 43%, gastrointestinal symptoms in 43%, rigors in 30%, imbalance in 26%, rash in 9%, and seizures in 26% of patients. Most patients presented in the late summer season. The average duration of antibiotics given was six days. The average number of days from the admission to the diagnosis of WNND was nine days (3 to 16 days). Twenty-one (91%) patients survived the infection. Conclusions. Identifying WNV infection early in its clinical course would help in decreasing inappropriate antibiotic use when patients presented with fever and meningeal symptoms. Performing WNV serology in CSF studies is critical in making the diagnosis.

449: Age and Gender as Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Children in the United States, 1999–2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 161 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S113-S113
Author(s):  
L B Davis ◽  
E Hayes ◽  
D O’Leary ◽  
T Smith ◽  
A Marfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
And Gender

West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease With Atypical CSF Findings: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 194187442199537
Author(s):  
Devin Simon
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) is a rare complication of West Nile Virus infection with the capability of mimicking other neurologic diseases. This infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting in the late summer months with altered mentation, fever, and focal neurologic deficits without an otherwise clear etiology. A 63-year-old male presented with acute onset fever, confusion, falls, ataxia, vertical nystagmus, and right leg weakness. Although magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spine were unremarkable, the lumbar spine revealed enhancement of ventral nerve roots in the cauda equina. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was significant for elevated protein without pleocytosis, which was more suggestive of albuminocytologic dissociation. Both serum and CSF IgM labs testing for West Nile Virus were positive. Despite a 5 day course of immunoglobulin therapy, his symptoms did not significantly improve. He eventually was transferred to inpatient rehabilitation for several days prior to returning home. This case highlights the variable presentations of acute West Nile Virus infection in the rare setting of neuroinvasive disease, which can make diagnosis difficult. The CSF analysis may also not always show results consistent with an acute viral infection, which can make determining the underlying etiology more challenging.

West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Incidence in the United States, 2002–2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole P. Lindsey ◽  
Stephanie Kuhn ◽  
Grant L. Campbell ◽  
Edward B. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

scholarly journals Current Understanding of West Nile Virus Clinical Manifestations, Immune Responses, Neuroinvasion, and Immunotherapeutic Implications

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengwei Bai ◽  
E. Ashley Thompson ◽  
Parminder J. S. Vig ◽  
A. Arturo Leis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common mosquito-borne virus in North America. WNV-associated neuroinvasive disease affects all ages, although elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly at risk. WNV neuroinvasive disease has killed over 2300 Americans since WNV entered into the United States in the New York City outbreak of 1999. Despite 20 years of intensive laboratory and clinical research, there are still no approved vaccines or antivirals available for human use. However, rapid progress has been made in both understanding the pathogenesis of WNV and treatment in clinical practices. This review summarizes our current understanding of WNV infection in terms of human clinical manifestations, host immune responses, neuroinvasion, and therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Clinical Spectrum of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Yu ◽  
Emily Ferenczi ◽  
Kareem Moussa ◽  
Dean Eliott ◽  
Marcelo Matiello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common arbovirus infection in the United States. The diagnosis requires consideration of not only a broad spectrum of presenting symptoms, ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis, but also public health risk factors and seasonality. There is no approved targeted therapy for WNV, so treatment relies on supportive care, management of neurologic sequelae and airway, treatment of other systems including the eye, and aggressive rehabilitation. Here, we describe a series of 3 cases of WNV encountered in September 2018 at one institution. First, we describe a case of WNV encephalitis with worsened dyskinesias and a relatively good recovery. Second, we describe a severe WNV encephalitis with overlying motor neuron involvement with a poor outcome. Finally, we describe a case of a WNV meningitis with significant bilateral chorioretinitis, an underappreciated complication of WNV infections. Through these cases, we review the epidemiology of WNV, risk factors for infection, the neurologic sequalae and long-term outcomes, and the importance of recognizing ocular involvement to prevent ophthalmologic complications.

scholarly journals Clinical Features of Four West Nile Virus Cases and Its Molecular Characterization from a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shoba Mammen ◽  
Aiswarya Nair ◽  
Santhosh Kumar ◽  
Zayina Zonderveni ◽  
A. T. Prabhakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
West Nile ◽  
South Indian ◽  
First Time

West Nile virus (WNV) is currently a significant reemerging virus of the 21st century. It belongs to the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. Although it is primarily transmitted by the Culex spp of mosquitoes, other routes of transmission are also well defined. Of eight lineages described, Lineage 1a has been reported from many parts of South India and is known to cause neuroinvasive illness. Many tests and serological techniques have been described to diagnose WNV infection such as complement fixation, neutralization, heamagglutination inhibition, ELISA, and PCR for molecular confirmation. The latter far outweighs the limitations inherent in the other tests. WNV infection is being reported from Vellore for the first time after 1968. This paper aims to describe four cases of WNV infection causing central nervous system manifestations with its molecular characterization. West Nile virus infection was diagnosed with the available molecular techniques such as PCR and sequencing, which emphasizes the need for considering West Nile virus in the differential diagnosis of acute meningoencephalitis and the wider availability of molecular diagnostic tests.

Malignant glial neuronal tumors after west nile virus neuroinvasive disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyx B Porter ◽  
Akanksha Sharma ◽  
Marie F Grill ◽  
Scott Spritzer ◽  
A Arturo Leis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Neuronal Tumors

scholarly journals Animal and Human Vaccines against West Nile Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status

West Nile virus (WNV) is a widely distributed enveloped flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, which main hosts are birds. The virus sporadically infects equids and humans with serious economic and health consequences, as infected individuals can develop a severe neuroinvasive disease that can even lead to death. Nowadays, no WNV-specific therapy is available and vaccines are only licensed for use in horses but not for humans. While several methodologies for WNV vaccine development have been successfully applied and have contributed to significantly reducing its incidence in horses in the US, none have progressed to phase III clinical trials in humans. This review addresses the status of WNV vaccines for horses, birds, and humans, summarizing and discussing the challenges they face for their clinical advance and their introduction to the market.

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