scholarly journals Serological Evidence of Rickettsia Exposure among Patients with Unknown Fever Origin in Angola, 2016-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
P. F. Barradas ◽  
Z. Neto ◽  
T. L. Mateus ◽  
A. C. Teodoro ◽  
L. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

Spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) is one among the aetiologies that cause fever of unknown origin in Angola. Despite their occurrence, there is little information about its magnitude in this country either because it is misdiagnosed or due to the lack of diagnostic resources. For this purpose, eighty-seven selected malaria- and yellow fever-negative serum specimens collected between February 2016 and March 2017 as part of the National Laboratory of Febrile Syndromes, from patients with fever (≥37.5°C) for at least 4 days and of unknown origin, were screened for Rickettsia antibodies through an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Serological results were interpreted according to the 2017 guidelines for the detection of Rickettsia spp. Three seroreactive patients had detectable IgM antibodies to Rickettsia with an endpoint titre of 32 and IgG antibodies with endpoint titres of 128 and 256. These findings supported a diagnosis of Rickettsia exposure amongst these patients and highlight that rickettsioses may be among the cause of unknown febrile syndromes in Angola. Therefore, physicians must be aware of this reality and must include this vector-borne disease as part of aetiologies that should be considered and systematically tested in order to delineate appropriate strategies of diagnostic and control of Rickettsia in Angola.

Serological evidence of Toscana virus infection in Portuguese patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. AMARO ◽  
T. LUZ ◽  
P. PARREIRA ◽  
A. MARCHI ◽  
M. G. CIUFOLINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

SUMMARYToscana virus (TOSV) is an emergingPhlebovirusof growing interest as a human pathogen in the Mediterranean Basin. In Portugal, however, little is known about the prevalence of TOSV infection. The aim of this work was to perform a seroprevalence study in patients with requests for laboratory diagnosis of vector-borne viruses. A total of 538 patients with and without neurological signs from 2004 to 2008 were studied by in-house indirect immunofluorescence assay and commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A prevalence of 4·2% for IgG antibodies was found in the group of patients with neurological signs. Five (3%) of these had recent infections. In the group with no neurological signs, the IgG prevalence was 1·3%. Two samples, belonging to two patients, were also confirmed with plaque reduction neutralization tests with the TOSV ISS. Phl.3 Italian strain. This work showed that TOSV is present and causing disease from north to south in Portugal. The probable circulation of different phlebovirus serotypes in Portugal emphasizes the need for further studies.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of Rickettsia parkeri as the etiological agent of rickettsiosis in Uruguay

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael A. Conti-Díaz ◽  
Jonas Moraes-Filho ◽  
Richard C. Pacheco ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Rickettsia Parkeri ◽  
Rickettsia Rickettsii ◽  
Antibody Absorption ◽  
Mild Fever

We report three new rickettsiosis human cases in Uruguay. The three clinical cases presented clinical manifestations similar to previous reported cases of Rickettsia parkeri in the United States; that is mild fever (< 40 ºC), malaise, headache, rash, inoculation eschar at the tick bite site, regional lymphadenopathy, and no lethality. Serological antibody-absorption tests with purified antigens of R. parkeri and Rickettsia rickettsii, associated with immunofluorescence assay indicated that the patients in two cases were infected by R. parkeri. Epidemiological and clinical evidences, coupled with our serological analysis, suggest that R. parkeri is the etiological agent of human cases of spotted fever in Uruguay, a disease that has been recognized in that country as cutaneous-ganglionar rickettsiosis.

scholarly journals Molecular and serological evidence of flea-associated typhus group and spotted fever group rickettsial infections in Madagascar

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rado J. L. Rakotonanahary ◽  
Alan Harrison ◽  
Alice N. Maina ◽  
Ju Jiang ◽  
Allen L. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Rickettsial Infections

scholarly journals Occurrence of Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis and probable exposure to Rickettsia amblyommatis in dogs and cats in Natal, RN

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gomes Lopes ◽  
Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽  
Julia Teresa Ribeiro de Lima ◽  
Gislene Fatima da Silva Rocha Fournier ◽  
Igor da Cunha Lima Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Related Genotype ◽  
Babesia Spp

Abstract Occurrence of infection or exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. was detected in feral cats living in two fragments from Atlantic rainforest, in Natal, RN, Brazil, and in dogs living around the parks. While serum samples were collected from 155 animals (53 cats living in the parks; 29 dogs living in human homes around the parks; and 73 dogs living at an animal control center - ACC), spleen samples were collected from 20 dogs that were euthanized at ACC. Serum samples were analyzed to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seventeen of the 102 dogs (17%) had E. canis antibodies and 13% (20/155) of all dogs and cats (i.e. 3% (3/102) of the dogs and 32% (17/53) of the cats) were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. antigens. The animals were therefore been exposed to R. amblyommatis or by a very closely related genotype. Among the 20 dog spleen samples analyzed, eight were PCR positive for E. canis and two for H. canis (GenBank accession number MG772657 and MG772658, respectively). In none of the spleen samples were obtained amplicons for Babesia spp. through PCR. This study provided the first evidence that Rickettsia of the spotted fever group is circulating among dogs and cats in Natal.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of spotted fever group Rickettsia infections: the Asian perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Robinson ◽  
Jaruwan Satjanadumrong ◽  
Tom Hughes ◽  
John Stenos ◽  
Stuart D. Blacksell
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rickettsial Infections

Abstract Spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFG) are a neglected group of bacteria, belonging to the genus Rickettsia, that represent a large number of new and emerging infectious diseases with a worldwide distribution. The diseases are zoonotic and are transmitted by arthropod vectors, mainly ticks, fleas and mites, to hosts such as wild animals. Domesticated animals and humans are accidental hosts. In Asia, local people in endemic areas as well as travellers to these regions are at high risk of infection. In this review we compare SFG molecular and serological diagnostic methods and discuss their limitations. While there is a large range of molecular diagnostics and serological assays, both approaches have limitations and a positive result is dependent on the timing of sample collection. There is an increasing need for less expensive and easy-to-use diagnostic tests. However, despite many tests being available, their lack of suitability for use in resource-limited regions is of concern, as many require technical expertise, expensive equipment and reagents. In addition, many existing diagnostic tests still require rigorous validation in the regions and populations where these tests may be used, in particular to establish coherent and worthwhile cut-offs. It is likely that the best strategy is to use a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunofluorescence assay in tandem. If the specimen is collected early enough in the infection there will be no antibodies but there will be a greater chance of a PCR positive result. Conversely, when there are detectable antibodies it is less likely that there will be a positive PCR result. It is therefore extremely important that a complete medical history is provided especially the number of days of fever prior to sample collection. More effort is required to develop and validate SFG diagnostics and those of other rickettsial infections.

scholarly journals Laboratory Diagnostics of Rickettsia Infections in Denmark 2008–2015

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Susanne Schjørring ◽  
Martin Tugwell Jepsen ◽  
Camilla Adler Sørensen ◽  
Palle Valentiner-Branth ◽  
Bjørn Kantsø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vector Borne

Rickettsiosis is a vector-borne disease caused by bacterial species in the genus Rickettsia. Ticks in Scandinavia are reported to be infected with Rickettsia, yet only a few Scandinavian human cases are described, and rickettsiosis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rickettsiosis in Denmark based on laboratory findings. We found that in the Danish individuals who tested positive for Rickettsia by serology, the majority (86%; 484/561) of the infections belonged to the spotted fever group. In contrast, we could confirm 13 of 41 (32%) PCR-positive individuals by sequencing and identified all of these as R. africae, indicating infections after travel exposure. These 13 samples were collected from wound/skin material. In Denmark, approximately 85 individuals test positive for Rickettsia spp. annually, giving an estimated 26% (561/2147) annual prevalence among those suspected of rickettsiosis after tick bites. However, without clinical data and a history of travel exposure, a true estimation of rickettsiosis acquired endemically by tick bites cannot be made. Therefore, we recommend that both clinical data and specific travel exposure be included in a surveillance system of Rickettsia infections.

The Prevalence of IgG Antibodies to Spotted-Fever Group Rickettsiae among Urban and Rural Dwelling Children in Southern Israel

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yagupsky ◽  
Batia Sarov ◽  
Lechaim Naggan ◽  
Israel Sarov ◽  
Keysary Avy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Biological Studies of Parvovirus B19, Coxsackie B Viruses, and Adenoviruses as Potential Cardiotropic Viruses in Bulgaria

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefka Kr. Ivanova ◽  
Svetla G. Angelova ◽  
Asya P. Stoyanova ◽  
Irina L. Georgieva ◽  
Lubomira K. Nikolaeva-Glomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Coxsackie B Viruses ◽  
Cardiotropic Viruses ◽  
Coxsackie B

AbstractBackground:Inflammatory diseases of the heart (myocarditis, pericarditis) are commonly caused by viruses. Among the human cardiotropic viruses, parvovirus B19, Coxsackie B viruses, and adenoviruses play a leading role.Aim:The aim of the present study was to determine the presumptive causative role of parvovirus B19, Coxsackie B viruses, and adenoviruses in the development of myocarditis, pericarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy by demonstrating the presence of specific antiviral antibodies or viral DNA in patients’ serum samples.Materials and methods:We tested serum samples collected between 2010 and 2014 from 235 patients with myocarditis (n=108), pericarditis (n=79), myopericarditis (n=19), dilated cardiomyopathy (n=7), and fever of unknown origin accompanied by cardiac complaints (n=22). The mean age of patients with the standard deviation was 33 ± 18 years. Serological and molecular methods (ELISA for specific IgM/IgG antibodies to parvovirus B19 and IgM antibodies to Coxsackie B viruses and adenoviruses, and PCR for detection of parvovirus B19 in serum samples, respectively) were used in the study.Results:Of all tested 235 serum samples, in 60 (25.5%) positive results for at least one of the three tested viruses were detected. Forty out of these 235 serum samples (17%) were Coxsackie B virus IgM positive. They were found in 17% (18/108) of the patients with myocarditis, in 15% (12/79) of those with pericarditis, in 16% (3/19) of those with myopericarditis and in 32% (7/22) in those with fever of unknown origin. The 63 Coxsackie B virus IgM negative patient’s serum samples were tested by ELISA for presence of adenovirus IgM antibodies. Such were found in 4 patients with pericarditis and in 2 patients with fever of unknown origin. Every IgM negative sample (n=189) for Coxsackie B and adenovirus was further tested by ELISA for parvovirus B19 IgM/IgG antibodies. B19-IgM antibodies were detected in 14 patients (7.4%). The percentages for B19-IgM antibodies was 8% (7/90), 5% (3/63) and 31% (4/13) in the patients affected with myocarditis, pericarditis, and fever of unknown origin, respectively. Protective B19-IgG antibodies were found in 108 (57%) of the samples. A B19-PCR signal was detected in all the patients who were B19-IgM positive, and in only 1 patient with positive B19-IgG result, the latter presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy.Conclusion:The present study shows the involvement of Coxsackie B, parvovirus B19 and adenoviruses in the development of inflammatory diseases of the heart (myocarditis and pericarditis). It is the first ever study in the country that simultaneously analyzes the prevalence of the three major human cardiotropic viruses.

scholarly journals Serosurvey of Rickettsia spp. in small mammals from Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina de Campos Binder ◽  
Felipe da Silva Krawczak ◽  
Jonas Sponchiado ◽  
Geruza Leal Melo ◽  
Jonas Moraes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rickettsia Species ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate exposure of wild small mammals to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae in Mato Grosso do Sul State, central-western Brazil. Serum samples of 68 small mammals were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against six Rickettsia species from Brazil. Overall, 37.5% (9/24) marsupials and 6.8% (3/44) small rodents were seroreactive to at least one of the Rickettsia species, with end point titres ranging from 64 to 512. These results suggested that wild small mammals were infected by SFG rickettsiae, and could participate in the ecology of rickettsiae in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

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