Effectiveness of Various Final Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration in Curved Roots: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study

Objective. To compare the efficacy of various techniques used for final irrigation on sealer penetration in the apical one-third of curved root canals. Material and Methods. Sixty-five freshly extracted maxillary first molar teeth with mesiobuccal roots having more than 20° of root curvature were used. The root canals were instrumented and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group. In the 4 experimental groups, 3 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 3 ml of 5.25% NaOCl was delivered with the use of the following protocols: Group 1: manual dynamic activation (MDA), Group 2: sonic irrigation (SI), Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and Group 4: conventional needle irrigation (CI). All teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer labeled with fluorescent dye. Transverse sections at 2 mm and 4 mm distance from the root apex were examined with the aid of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Total percentage (%) and maximum depth (μm) of sealer penetration were measured. Results. All the experimental groups exhibited significantly higher penetration rates than the control group at both sections (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the penetration depth and percentage among the four experimental groups evaluated at both sections (p>0.05). Conclusion. PUI, SI, and MDA did not significantly improve sealer penetration in the apical portion of curved root canals when compared to conventional needle irrigation.

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Percentage of Gutta-Percha-, Sealer-, and Void-Filled Areas in Oval-Shaped Root Canals Obturated with Different Filling Techniques: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1701543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (01) ◽

pp. 008-012

Author(s):

Vinicio Hidemitsu Goto Hirai ◽

Ricardo Machado ◽

Maria Carolina Lucato Budziak ◽

Lucila Piasecki ◽

Alexandre Kowalczuck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser Scanning ◽

Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha

Abstract Objective This study compared different obturation techniques, analyzing percentage of areas filled with gutta-percha, sealer, and voids (PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA, respectively) in oval-shaped root canals. Materials and Methods A total of 60 extracted human mandibular central incisors were decoronated, instrumented, and irrigated using the same protocol. After drying, the root canal was filled with AH Plus labeled with 0.1% rhodamine B dye using a Lentulo spiral. The filling procedure was performed by dividing the teeth into four groups according to the respective technique: G1, cold lateral condensation; G2, continuous wave of condensation; G3, modified cold lateral condensation using an F3 master cone; and G4, modified continuous wave of condensation using an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) sized 30 gutta-percha cone. Then, slices measuring 1.5 mm in thickness were obtained 3 and 6 mm from the apex and evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed statistically with analysis of variance and Games-Howell’s tests (p = 0.05). Results The groups showed no significant differences in the apical third (3 mm from the apex). In the middle third (6 mm from the apex), G3 and G1 showed higher PGFA and PVFA, respectively. G3 showed lower PSFA than G2 and G4. Both cold techniques (G1 and G3) promoted lower PSFA than both warm techniques (G2 and G4). Conclusions Notwithstanding the limitations of this in vitro study, PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA ranged significantly only in the middle third, as observed by the different filling techniques. Higher PGFA and PVFA values were obtained for G3 and G1, respectively. Both cold techniques promoted lower PSFA than both warm techniques.

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Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Activation Enhances Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Action of Low Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics8040232 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Pablo Betancourt ◽

Josep María Sierra ◽

Octavi Camps-Font ◽

Josep Arnabat-Domínguez ◽

Miguel Viñas

Keyword(s):

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser Scanning ◽

Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Root Canals ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Scanning Electron

The onset and persistence of endodontic infections due to residual biofilm after chemical disinfection promotes secondary bacterial infection. Alternative methods to disinfect operated root canals are a matter of great interest. The aim was to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at low concentrations activated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) against 10-day-old intracanal Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Biofilms were formed inside the root canals and divided into 7 groups (n13): 0.5% NaOCl + Er,Cr:YSGG; Saline + Er,Cr:YSGG; 0.5% NaOCl + syringe irrigation(SI); 2.5% NaOCl + SI; 5% NaOCl + SI; positive and negative controls. Bacterial survivors were counted and specimens visualized under scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Treatments with 0.5% NaOCl + Er,Cr:YSGG and 2.5% NaOCl + SI gave a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mm2. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging confirmed and reinforced bacteriological data. Thus, Er,Cr:YSGG LAI proved to be able to improve the intracanal distribution of 0.5% NaOCl after 60 s of activation, reaching the same level of effectiveness than 2.5% NaOCl. This is regarded as of clinical interest, since working with lower concentrations may contribute to reduce undesired effects.

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Confocal laser scanning microscopy investigation of bond interfaces involved in fiber glass post cementation

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2014.v17i2.960 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ticiane Cestari Fagundes ◽

Daniele Salazar Somensi ◽

Paulo Henrique Dos Santos ◽

Maria Fidela Lima Navarro

Keyword(s):

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser Scanning ◽

Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Fiber Glass ◽

Root Canals ◽

Relyx Unicem

Objective: This confocal microscopy study evaluated the cement/dentin and cement/post interfaces along the root canal walls when fiber glass posts were bonded to dentin using different types of cements.Material and methods: Thirty endodontically treated premolars were divided into 3 groups according to the adhesive materials used in the bonding procedure: Prime & Bond 2.1/Self Cure + Enforce, RelyX Unicem and RelyX Luting. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated in the luting materials for the cementation of the fiber glass posts (Exacto, Angelus) to dentin. Three transversal slices (apical, middle and coronal) were examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kappa, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnet tests.Results: The Prime & Bond 2.1/Self Cure + Enforce presented a uniform formation of tags in the dentin but gaps in the cement/dentin interface. The RelyX Unicem and RelyX Luting presented an adhesive interface with a fewer amount of gaps, but showed shorter tag formation than the Enforce system. All cements presented the same pattern of bubbles inside the cements. The RelyX Luting presented a greater amount of cracks inside the cement in comparison with the other cements in the coronal third, while no difference was observed between RelyX Unicem and Enforce. The RelyX Luting showed the lowest quantity of cement penetration into the post.Conclusions: In general, the quality of bonding interfaces of fiber posts luted to root canals was affected by both location and type of cement.

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