scholarly journals Hepatocellular Carcinoma: First Manifestation as Solitary Humeral Bone Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sumera Bukhari ◽  
Kristine Ward ◽  
Michael Styler
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Skeletal Metastasis ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Multikinase Inhibitor ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Asymptomatic Stage ◽  
Extrahepatic Metastases

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) most commonly presents with abdominal pain or mass, fever of unknown etiology, weight loss, and decompensation of known liver disease or at an asymptomatic stage through surveillance. Rarely, presenting symptoms can be exclusively related to extrahepatic metastases. Herein, we write a case of a patient with no known liver disease, presenting with a pathological fracture of the proximal humerus bone secondary to a massive solitary metastasis from HCC. This case represents an unusual appendicular skeletal metastasis in a patient with unknown primary HCC, successfully treated with sorafenib. The prognosis of HCC patients with extrahepatic metastasis is poor, and in the presence of bone metastases, the mean survival rate is severely reduced. However, the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib has been the standard of treatment. Recently, there has been developments of other therapeutic class of drugs (i.e., immune check inhibitors), which have shown promising benefits and better side effect profiles. Still, there is a need for further studies, owing to challenges in recognizing cellular and molecular markers.

Erratum: Hilar Fibropolycystic Liver Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Revelation from the Explant Liver

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeesh Menon ◽  
Mukul Vij ◽  
Naresh Shanmugam ◽  
Abdul Hakeem ◽  
Mettu Srinivas Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Unknown Etiology

Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

Phytosterols and Triterpenoids for Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic-related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Sánchez-Crisóstomo ◽  
Eduardo Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Raquel Cariño-Cortés ◽  
Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera ◽  
Rosa A. Bobadilla-Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Steroid Nucleus ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background: Liver ailments are among the leading causes of death; they originate from viral infections, chronic alcoholism, and autoimmune illnesses, which may chronically be precursors of cirrhosis; furthermore, metabolic syndrome may worsen those hepatopathies or cause Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) that may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis is the late-stage liver disease and can proceed to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pharmacological treatment options for liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC, are limited, expensive, and not wholly effective. The use of medicinal herbs and functional foods is growing around the world as natural resources of bioactive compounds that would set the basis for the development of new drugs. Review and Conclusion: Plant and food-derived sterols and triterpenoids (TTP) possess antioxidant, metabolic-regulating, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as they are recognized as anticancer agents, suggesting their application strongly as an alternative therapy in some chronic diseases. Thus, it is interesting to review current reports about them as hepatoprotective agents, but also because they structurally resemble cholesterol, sexual hormones, corticosteroids and bile acids due to the presence of the steroid nucleus, so they all can share pharmacological properties through activating nuclear and membrane receptors. Therefore, sterols and TTP appear as a feasible option for the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic-related liver diseases, cirrhosis, and HCC.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Current Management and Recent Advances

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-252
Author(s):  
Giovanni Galati ◽  
Chiara Dell'Unto ◽  
Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci ◽  
Antonio De Vincentis ◽  
Paolo Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals The Current View of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Tomomi Kogiso ◽  
Katsutoshi Tokushige
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Current View ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of NAFLD-related HCC, which is accompanied by life-threatening complications, is increasing. Advanced fibrosis and lifestyle-related and metabolic comorbidities, especially obesity and diabetes mellitus, are associated with HCC development. However, HCC is also observed in the non-cirrhotic liver. Often, diagnosis is delayed until the tumor is relatively large and the disease is advanced; an effective screening or surveillance method is urgently required. Recently, the NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) guidelines of Japan were revised to incorporate new strategies and evidence for the management and surveillance of NAFLD/NASH. Fibrosis must be tested for noninvasively, and the risk of carcinogenesis must be stratified. The treatment of lifestyle-related diseases is expected to reduce the incidence of NAFLD and prevent liver carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Performance of Ultrasound Techniques and the Potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Monica Lupsor-Platon ◽  
Teodora Serban ◽  
Alexandra Iulia Silion ◽  
George Razvan Tirpe ◽  
Alexandru Tirpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Lesion ◽  
Focal Liver Lesion ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Global statistics show an increasing percentage of patients that develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in the absence of cirrhosis. In the present review, we analyzed the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography (US) in the non-invasive evaluation of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC, as well as possibilities of optimizing US diagnosis with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) assistance. To date, US is the first-line examination recommended in the screening of patients with clinical suspicion of NAFLD, as it is readily available and leads to a better disease-specific surveillance. However, the conventional US presents limitations that significantly hamper its applicability in quantifying NAFLD and accurately characterizing a given focal liver lesion (FLL). Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are an essential add-on to the conventional B-mode US and to the Doppler US that further empower this method, allowing the evaluation of the enhancement properties and the vascular architecture of FLLs, in comparison to the background parenchyma. The current paper also explores the new universe of AI and the various implications of deep learning algorithms in the evaluation of NAFLD and NAFLD-related HCC through US methods, concluding that it could potentially be a game changer for patient care.

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