Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

scholarly journals Impact of MAFLD on HBV-Related Stage 0/A Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Yen-Po Lin ◽  
Shu-Hsien Lin ◽  
Chih-Chi Wang ◽  
Chih-Che Lin ◽  
Ding-Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Curative Resection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hcc Recurrence

Backgrounds and Aim: Metabolic-associated fatty liver dis-ease (MAFLD) is a novel term proposed in 2020 to avoid the exclusion of certain subpopulations, though the application of this term in the real world is very limited. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of MAFLD on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related HCC who received hepatectomy between January 2010 and December 2019 were consecutively selected. The association between histologically proven concurrent MAFLD and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 812 eligible patients with CHB-related HCC, 369 (45.4%) were diagnosed with concurrent MAFLD. After a mean follow-up of 65 months, 303 patients (37.3%) developed HCC recurrence, 111 (13.7%) died, and 12 (1.5%) received liver transplantation. Although no differences in the incidences of HCC recurrence (HR: 0.902, 95% CI: 0.719–1.131, p = 0.370) and death or liver transplantation (HR: 0.743, 95% CI: 0.518–1.006, p = 0.107) were observed between patients with and without MAFLD in multivariate analysis, the patients with MAFLD tended to achieve better recurrent-free survival compared to patients without MAFLD. Notably, lean MAFLD (BMI < 23 kg/m2) was a relative risk factor for tumor recurrence (HR: 2.030, 95% CI: 1.117–3.690, p = 0.020) among patients with MAFLD. Conclusions: The overall prognosis in HBV-related early-stage HCC, in terms of HCC recurrence and death or liver transplantation, was not significantly different between patients with and without MAFLD. Among patients with MALFD, lean-MAFLD was a risk factor for HCC recurrence. Further studies are warranted to validate these results.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI ALKOHOL DENGAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI HATI PADA SUBJEK PRIA DEWASA MUDA DI KELURAHAN TATELI DAN TELING ATAS MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dicky Conreng ◽  
B. J. Waleleng ◽  
Stella Palar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Impaired Liver Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Impaired Liver ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
The World

Abstract: Alcohol consumption is the third biggest risk factor as a cause of disease and disability in the world, and is the biggest risk factor in America and second biggest in Europe as the cause of disease and disability. Alcohol is a causalfactorin 60 types of diseases and injuries and a component cause in 200 others. There are many diseases that is caused by alcohol consumption, one of them causes impaired liver function, such as alcoholic liver disease. However according to the theory, not all alcoholics will have an impaired liver function, so this reasearch was done to confirm that theory. Alcoholism will be measured by the AUDIT questionnaire and the impaired liver function will be measured by the increase in the GGT enzyme. Conclusion: Not all chronic alcoholics will have impaired liver function with the same amount of alcohol consumption. Keywords: alcohol, impaired liver function, alcoholic liver disease, AUDIT, GGT.     Abstrak: Konsumsi alkohol merupakan faktor risiko terbesar ketiga di dunia sebagai penyebab penyakit dan disabilitas, dan merupakan faktor risiko terbesar pertama di Amerika serta faktor risiko terbesar kedua di Eropa sebagai penyebab penyakit dan disabilitas. Alkohol merupakan faktor penyebab dari sekitar 60 jenis penyakit dan merupakan faktor komponen dari 200 jenis penyakit lainnya. Terdapat berbagai jenis penyakit yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi alkohol, salah satunya adalah gangguan fungsi hati seperti penyakit hati alkoholik (alcoholic liver disease). Namun menurut teori tidak semua peminum alkohol akan mengalami gangguan fungsi hati, sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memastikan teori tersebut. Gangguan konsumsi alkohol akan diperiksa menggunakan kuesioner AUDIT dan gangguan fungsi hati akan diperiksa melalui peningkatan enzim GGT. Simpulan: Tidak semua peminum alkohol kronik akan mengalami gangguan fungsi hati dengan jumlah konsumsi alkohol yang sama. Kata kunci: alkohol, gangguan fungsi hati, penyakit hati alkoholik, AUDIT, GGT.

scholarly journals Emerging Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Focus on Diagnosis and Therapeutics

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. CMO.S9926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avegail Flores ◽  
Jorge A. Marrero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
The World

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and one of the deadliest. Patients with chronic liver disease are at the highest risk for developing this tumor. This link provides an opportunity for developing preventive strategies and surveillance that aims at early detection of this tumor and possibly improving outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the latest developments in surveillance strategies, diagnosis, and treatment of this tumor. HCC is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with 782,000 new cases occurring in 2012 worldwide. In 2012, there were 746,000 deaths from liver cancer. HCC is the third most fatal cancer in the world. The distribution of HCC, which varies geographically, is related to the prevalence of hepatotropic virus. The burden of the disease is the highest in Eastern Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Melanesia where hepatitis B (HBV) infection is endemic. Meanwhile, in Japan, United States, and Europe, hepatitis C (HCV) infection is prevalent, and subsequently, is the major risk factor for acquiring HCC in these regions. 1 , 3 It is estimated that the incidence of HCC in Europe and United States will peak at 2020—there will be 78,000 new HCC cases in Europe and 27,000 in the United States—and decline thereafter. 1 Indeed, in Japan, the incidence of HCC had already plateaued and started to slowly fall. 4 Cirrhosis is the most important risk factor for HCC regardless of etiology and may be caused by chronic viral hepatitis (mainly HBV and HCV), alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune disease, Stage 4 primary biliary cirrhosis, and metabolic diseases such as hereditary hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the Western hemisphere, HCC occurs in a background of cirrhosis in 90% of the cases. 5 Before concentrating on diagnosis and therapeutics, it is important to discuss surveillance for this tumor.

Association and treatment of diabetes in patients affected by Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1198-1201
Author(s):  
Syed Yasir Afaque
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Composite Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

In December 2019, a unique coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in the province of Wuhan in China. Since then, it spread rapidly all over the world and has been responsible for a large number of morbidity and mortality among humans. According to a latest study, Diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, Hypertension etc. are being considered important risk factors for the development of this infection and is also associated with unfavorable outcomes in these patients. There is little evidence concerning the trail back of these patients possibly because of a small number of participants and people who experienced primary composite outcomes (such as admission in the ICU, usage of machine-driven ventilation or even fatality of these patients). Until now, there are no academic findings that have proven independent prognostic value of diabetes on death in the novel Coronavirus patients. However, there are several conjectures linking Diabetes with the impact as well as progression of COVID-19 in these patients. The aim of this review is to acknowledge about the association amongst Diabetes and the novel Coronavirus and the result of the infection in such patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of Time Interval between Hepatic Resection and Liver Transplantation on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Matteo Serenari ◽  
Enrico Prosperi ◽  
Marc-Antoine Allard ◽  
Michele Paterno ◽  
Nicolas Golse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatic Resection ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Comprehensive Complication Index ◽  
Fractional Polynomial ◽  
The Impact

Hepatic resection (HR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may require secondary liver transplantation (SLT). However, a previous HR is supposed to worsen post-SLT outcomes. Data of patients treated by SLT between 2000 and 2018 at two tertiary referral centers were analyzed. The primary outcome of the study was to analyze the impact of HR on post-LT complications. A Comprehensive Complication Index ≥ 29.6 was chosen as cutoff. The secondary outcome was HCC-related death by means of competing-risk regression analysis. In the study period, 140 patients were included. Patients were transplanted in a median of 23 months after HR (IQR 14–41). Among all the features analyzed regarding the prior HR, only time interval between HR and SLT (time HR-SLT) was an independent predictor of severe complications after LT (OR = 0.98, p < 0.001). According to fractional polynomial regression, the probability of severe complications increased up to 15 months after HR (43%), then slowly decreased over time (OR = 0.88, p < 0.001). There was no significant association between HCC-related death and time HR-SLT at the multivariable competing risks regression model (SHR, 1.06; 95% CI: 0.69–1.62, p = 0.796). This study showed that time HR-SLT was key in predicting complications after LT, without affecting HCC-related death.

scholarly journals Two Metabolomics Phenotypes of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease According to Fibrosis Severity

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Benjamin Buchard ◽  
Camille Teilhet ◽  
Natali Abeywickrama Samarakoon ◽  
Sylvie Massoulier ◽  
Juliette Joubert-Zakeyh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is considered as the forthcoming predominant cause for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD-HCC may rise in non-cirrhotic livers in 40 to 50% of patients. The aim of this study was to identify different metabolic pathways of HCC according to fibrosis level (F0F1 vs. F3F4). A non-targeted metabolomics strategy was applied. We analyzed 52 pairs of human HCC and adjacent non-tumoral tissues which included 26 HCC developed in severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3F4) and 26 in no or mild fibrosis (F0F1). Tissue extracts were analyzed using 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. An optimization evolutionary method based on genetic algorithm was used to identify discriminant metabolites. We identified 34 metabolites differentiating the two groups of NAFLD-HCC according to fibrosis level, allowing us to propose two metabolomics phenotypes of NAFLD-HCC. We showed that HCC-F0F1 mainly overexpressed choline derivatives and glutamine, whereas HCC-F3F4 were characterized by a decreased content of monounsaturated fatty acids (FA), an increase of saturated FA and an accumulation of branched amino acids. Comparing HCC-F0F1 and HCC-F3F4, differential expression levels of glucose, choline derivatives and phosphoethanolamine, monounsaturated FA, triacylglycerides were identified as specific signatures. Our metabolomics analysis of HCC tissues revealed for the first time two phenotypes of HCC developed in NAFLD according to fibrosis level. This study highlighted the impact of the underlying liver disease on metabolic reprogramming of the tumor.

The association between hepatitis B virus mutations and the risk of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Akrami ◽  
Mohammad Rafiee Monjezi ◽  
Shahrzad Ilbeigi ◽  
Farshid Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World

: Hepatitis B virus [HBV], the best-described hepadnavirus, distributed all around the world and may lead to chronic and acute liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the advancement in treatment against HBV, an error-prone reverse transcriptase which is require for HBV replication as well as host immune pressure lead to constant evolution and emergence of genotypes, sub-genotypes and mutant viruses; so, HBV will be remained as a major healthcare problem around the world. This review article mainly focuses on the HBV mutations which correlated to occult HBV infection, Immune scape, vaccine failure and eventually liver cirrhosis and HCC. Current study indicated that preS/S region mutations are related to vaccine failure, immune escape, occult HBV infection and the occurrence of HCC. Whereas, P region Mutations may lead to drug resistance to NA antivirals. PreC/C region mutations are associated to HBeAg negativity, immune escape, and persistent hepatitis. Moreover, X region Mutations play an important role in HCC development.

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